Increased risk of acute #stroke among patients with severe #COVID‐19: a multicenter study and meta‐analysis
https://2medical.news/2020/09/20/increased-risk-of-acute-stroke-among-patients-with-severe-covid%E2%80%9019-a-multicenter-study-and-meta%E2%80%90analysis/
Recent observations linked coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) to thromboembolic complications possibly mediated by increased blood coagulability and inflammatory endothelial impairment. We aimed to define the risk of acute stroke in patients with severe and non‐severe COVID‐19.. ..Of 165 patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 (49.1% males, median age 67 [57‐79], 72.1% severe or critical) included in the multicenter study, overall stroke rate was 4.2% (95%CI: 1.9‐8.7). Systematic …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/20/increased-risk-of-acute-stroke-among-patients-with-severe-covid%E2%80%9019-a-multicenter-study-and-meta%E2%80%90analysis/
Recent observations linked coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) to thromboembolic complications possibly mediated by increased blood coagulability and inflammatory endothelial impairment. We aimed to define the risk of acute stroke in patients with severe and non‐severe COVID‐19.. ..Of 165 patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 (49.1% males, median age 67 [57‐79], 72.1% severe or critical) included in the multicenter study, overall stroke rate was 4.2% (95%CI: 1.9‐8.7). Systematic …
Association of #Coffee Intake With Survival in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic #Colorectal Cancer
https://2medical.news/2020/09/21/association-of-coffee-intake-with-survival-in-patients-with-advanced-or-metastatic-colorectal-cancer/
Several compounds found in coffee possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing effects, which may contribute to anticancer activity. Epidemiological studies have identified associations between increased coffee consumption and decreased recurrence and mortality of colorectal cancer. The association between coffee consumption and survival in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer is unknown.. ..Among the 1171 patients included in the analysis (694 men [59%]; median age, 59 …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/21/association-of-coffee-intake-with-survival-in-patients-with-advanced-or-metastatic-colorectal-cancer/
Several compounds found in coffee possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing effects, which may contribute to anticancer activity. Epidemiological studies have identified associations between increased coffee consumption and decreased recurrence and mortality of colorectal cancer. The association between coffee consumption and survival in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer is unknown.. ..Among the 1171 patients included in the analysis (694 men [59%]; median age, 59 …
#Depression and subsequent risk for incident rheumatoid #arthritis among women
https://2medical.news/2020/09/21/depression-and-subsequent-risk-for-incident-rheumatoid-arthritis-among-women/
We investigated the association of depression with subsequent risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by serologic phenotype.. ..Among 195,358 women, we identified 858 incident RA cases (65% seropositive) over 3,087,556 person‐years (median 17.9 years/participant). Compared to women without depression, those with depression had multivariable HRs (95%CIs) of: 1.28(1.10‐1.48) for all RA; 1.12(0.93‐1.35) for seropositive RA; and 1.63(1.27‐2.09) for seronegative RA. When analyzing components of the composite …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/21/depression-and-subsequent-risk-for-incident-rheumatoid-arthritis-among-women/
We investigated the association of depression with subsequent risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by serologic phenotype.. ..Among 195,358 women, we identified 858 incident RA cases (65% seropositive) over 3,087,556 person‐years (median 17.9 years/participant). Compared to women without depression, those with depression had multivariable HRs (95%CIs) of: 1.28(1.10‐1.48) for all RA; 1.12(0.93‐1.35) for seropositive RA; and 1.63(1.27‐2.09) for seronegative RA. When analyzing components of the composite …
Randomized Trial of Nocturnal #Oxygen in Chronic #Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
https://2medical.news/2020/09/22/randomized-trial-of-nocturnal-oxygen-in-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/
Long-term oxygen therapy improves survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic severe daytime hypoxemia. However, the efficacy of oxygen therapy for the management of isolated nocturnal hypoxemia is uncertain.. ..Patients with an oxygen saturation of less than 90% for at least 30% of the recording time on nocturnal oximetry were assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive either nocturnal oxygen or …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/22/randomized-trial-of-nocturnal-oxygen-in-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/
Long-term oxygen therapy improves survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic severe daytime hypoxemia. However, the efficacy of oxygen therapy for the management of isolated nocturnal hypoxemia is uncertain.. ..Patients with an oxygen saturation of less than 90% for at least 30% of the recording time on nocturnal oximetry were assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive either nocturnal oxygen or …
Transcriptomic and clonal characterization of #T cells in the human central #nervous system
https://2medical.news/2020/09/22/transcriptomic-and-clonal-characterization-of-t-cells-in-the-human-central-nervous-system/
T cells provide critical immune surveillance to the central nervous system (CNS), and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to be a main route for their entry. Further characterization of the state of T cells in the CSF in healthy individuals is important for understanding how T cells provide protective immune surveillance without damaging the delicate environment of the CNS and providing tissue-specific context for …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/22/transcriptomic-and-clonal-characterization-of-t-cells-in-the-human-central-nervous-system/
T cells provide critical immune surveillance to the central nervous system (CNS), and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to be a main route for their entry. Further characterization of the state of T cells in the CSF in healthy individuals is important for understanding how T cells provide protective immune surveillance without damaging the delicate environment of the CNS and providing tissue-specific context for …
#Bile Acids Signal via TGR5 to Activate #Intestinal Stem Cells and Epithelial Regeneration
https://2medical.news/2020/09/23/bile-acids-signal-via-tgr5-to-activate-intestinal-stem-cells-and-epithelial-regeneration/
Renewal and patterning of the intestinal epithelium is coordinated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); dietary and metabolic factors provide signals to the niche that control ISC activity. Bile acids (BAs), metabolites in the gut, signal nutrient availability by activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also called TGR5). TGR5 is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but it is not clear how its activation …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/23/bile-acids-signal-via-tgr5-to-activate-intestinal-stem-cells-and-epithelial-regeneration/
Renewal and patterning of the intestinal epithelium is coordinated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); dietary and metabolic factors provide signals to the niche that control ISC activity. Bile acids (BAs), metabolites in the gut, signal nutrient availability by activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also called TGR5). TGR5 is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but it is not clear how its activation …
Chest x-ray findings and temporal #lung changes in patients with #COVID-19 pneumonia
https://2medical.news/2020/09/23/chest-x-ray-findings-and-temporal-lung-changes-in-patients-with-covid-19-pneumonia/
Chest CT scan and chest x-rays show characteristic radiographic findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest x-ray can be used in diagnosis and follow up in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The study aims at describing the chest x-ray findings and temporal radiographic changes in COVID-19 patients.. ..A total of 88 patients (50 (56.8%) females and 38 (43.2%) males) were admitted to the hospital with confirmed …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/23/chest-x-ray-findings-and-temporal-lung-changes-in-patients-with-covid-19-pneumonia/
Chest CT scan and chest x-rays show characteristic radiographic findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest x-ray can be used in diagnosis and follow up in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The study aims at describing the chest x-ray findings and temporal radiographic changes in COVID-19 patients.. ..A total of 88 patients (50 (56.8%) females and 38 (43.2%) males) were admitted to the hospital with confirmed …
#Loneliness and type 2 #diabetes incidence: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
https://2medical.news/2020/09/24/loneliness-and-type-2-diabetes-incidence-findings-from-the-english-longitudinal-study-of-ageing/
Loneliness is associated with all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. However, the prospective relationship between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset is unclear.. ..A total of 264 (6.42%) participants developed type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period. Loneliness was a significant predictor of incident type 2 diabetes (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.15, 1.84; p = 0.002) independent of age, sex, ethnicity, wealth, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/24/loneliness-and-type-2-diabetes-incidence-findings-from-the-english-longitudinal-study-of-ageing/
Loneliness is associated with all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. However, the prospective relationship between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset is unclear.. ..A total of 264 (6.42%) participants developed type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period. Loneliness was a significant predictor of incident type 2 diabetes (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.15, 1.84; p = 0.002) independent of age, sex, ethnicity, wealth, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol …
The unfolding #COVID-19 pandemic: A probability-based, nationally representative study of #mental health in the U.S.
https://2medical.news/2020/09/24/the-unfolding-covid-19-pandemic-a-probability-based-nationally-representative-study-of-mental-health-in-the-u-s/
The COVID-19 pandemic is a collective stressor unfolding over time, yet rigorous published empirical studies addressing mental health consequences of COVID-19 among large probability-based national samples are rare. Between 3/18-4/18/20, during an escalating period of illness and death in the United States, we assessed acute stress, depressive symptoms and direct, community, and media-based exposures to COVID-19 in three consecutive representative samples across three 10-day periods …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/24/the-unfolding-covid-19-pandemic-a-probability-based-nationally-representative-study-of-mental-health-in-the-u-s/
The COVID-19 pandemic is a collective stressor unfolding over time, yet rigorous published empirical studies addressing mental health consequences of COVID-19 among large probability-based national samples are rare. Between 3/18-4/18/20, during an escalating period of illness and death in the United States, we assessed acute stress, depressive symptoms and direct, community, and media-based exposures to COVID-19 in three consecutive representative samples across three 10-day periods …
Interventions to Improve #Statin Tolerance and Adherence in Patients at Risk for #Cardiovascular Disease
https://2medical.news/2020/09/25/interventions-to-improve-statin-tolerance-and-adherence-in-patients-at-risk-for-cardiovascular-disease/
Strategies to improve patients’ tolerance of and adherence to statins may enhance the effectiveness of dyslipidemia treatment in those at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).. ..One SR, 1 RCT, and 4 cohort studies were included. The SR found that intensified patient care improved adherence and decreased levels of total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 6 months or more of follow-up. Compared with …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/25/interventions-to-improve-statin-tolerance-and-adherence-in-patients-at-risk-for-cardiovascular-disease/
Strategies to improve patients’ tolerance of and adherence to statins may enhance the effectiveness of dyslipidemia treatment in those at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).. ..One SR, 1 RCT, and 4 cohort studies were included. The SR found that intensified patient care improved adherence and decreased levels of total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 6 months or more of follow-up. Compared with …
#Anticoagulation Timing in Cardioembolic #Stroke and Recurrent Event Risk
https://2medical.news/2020/09/25/anticoagulation-timing-in-cardioembolic-stroke-and-recurrent-event-risk/
Guidelines recommend initiating anticoagulation within 4 to 14 days after cardioembolic stroke. Data supporting this did not account for key factors potentially affecting the decision to initiate anticoagulation, such as infarct size, hemorrhagic transformation, or high‐risk features on echocardiography.. ..We pooled data from stroke registries of 8 comprehensive stroke centers across the United States. We included consecutive patients admitted with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. The …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/25/anticoagulation-timing-in-cardioembolic-stroke-and-recurrent-event-risk/
Guidelines recommend initiating anticoagulation within 4 to 14 days after cardioembolic stroke. Data supporting this did not account for key factors potentially affecting the decision to initiate anticoagulation, such as infarct size, hemorrhagic transformation, or high‐risk features on echocardiography.. ..We pooled data from stroke registries of 8 comprehensive stroke centers across the United States. We included consecutive patients admitted with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. The …
Risk for Serious #Infection With Low-Dose #Glucocorticoids in Patients With #Rheumatoid Arthritis
https://2medical.news/2020/09/26/risk-for-serious-infection-with-low-dose-glucocorticoids-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritis/
Low-dose glucocorticoids are frequently used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other chronic conditions, but the safety of long-term use remains uncertain.. ..Associations between glucocorticoid dose (none, ≤5 mg/d, >5 to 10 mg/d, and >10 mg/d) and hospitalized infection were evaluated using inverse probability–weighted analyses, with 1-year cumulative incidence predicted from weighted models. Results: 247 297 observations were identified among 172 041 patients …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/26/risk-for-serious-infection-with-low-dose-glucocorticoids-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritis/
Low-dose glucocorticoids are frequently used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other chronic conditions, but the safety of long-term use remains uncertain.. ..Associations between glucocorticoid dose (none, ≤5 mg/d, >5 to 10 mg/d, and >10 mg/d) and hospitalized infection were evaluated using inverse probability–weighted analyses, with 1-year cumulative incidence predicted from weighted models. Results: 247 297 observations were identified among 172 041 patients …
Once-Weekly #Insulin for Type 2 #Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment
https://2medical.news/2020/09/26/once-weekly-insulin-for-type-2-diabetes-without-previous-insulin-treatment/
It is thought that a reduction in the frequency of basal insulin injections might facilitate treatment acceptance and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin icodec is a basal insulin analogue designed for once-weekly administration that is in development for the treatment of diabetes We conducted a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, phase 2 trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/26/once-weekly-insulin-for-type-2-diabetes-without-previous-insulin-treatment/
It is thought that a reduction in the frequency of basal insulin injections might facilitate treatment acceptance and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin icodec is a basal insulin analogue designed for once-weekly administration that is in development for the treatment of diabetes We conducted a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, phase 2 trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec …
#Sleep duration and affective reactivity to #stressors and positive events in daily life
https://2medical.news/2020/09/27/sleep-duration-and-affective-reactivity-to-stressors-and-positive-events-in-daily-life/
Objective: Experimental evidence suggests that inadequate sleep disrupts next-day affective processing and evokes greater stress reactivity. However, less research has focused on whether sleep predicts next-day affective reactivity to naturally occurring stressors and positive events in daily life, as well as the reversed direction of association (i.e., affective reactivity to daily events as predictors of subsequent sleep). The purpose of this study was to evaluate …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/27/sleep-duration-and-affective-reactivity-to-stressors-and-positive-events-in-daily-life/
Objective: Experimental evidence suggests that inadequate sleep disrupts next-day affective processing and evokes greater stress reactivity. However, less research has focused on whether sleep predicts next-day affective reactivity to naturally occurring stressors and positive events in daily life, as well as the reversed direction of association (i.e., affective reactivity to daily events as predictors of subsequent sleep). The purpose of this study was to evaluate …
#Meningeal γδ T cells regulate #anxiety-like behavior via IL-17a signaling in neurons
https://2medical.news/2020/09/27/meningeal-%CE%B3%CE%B4-t-cells-regulate-anxiety-like-behavior-via-il-17a-signaling-in-neurons/
Interleukin (IL)-17a has been highly conserved during evolution of the vertebrate immune system and widely studied in contexts of infection and autoimmunity. Studies suggest that IL-17a promotes behavioral changes in experimental models of autism and aggregation behavior in worms. Here, through a cellular and molecular characterization of meningeal γδ17 T cells, we defined the nearest central nervous system–associated source of IL-17a under homeostasis. Meningeal γδ …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/27/meningeal-%CE%B3%CE%B4-t-cells-regulate-anxiety-like-behavior-via-il-17a-signaling-in-neurons/
Interleukin (IL)-17a has been highly conserved during evolution of the vertebrate immune system and widely studied in contexts of infection and autoimmunity. Studies suggest that IL-17a promotes behavioral changes in experimental models of autism and aggregation behavior in worms. Here, through a cellular and molecular characterization of meningeal γδ17 T cells, we defined the nearest central nervous system–associated source of IL-17a under homeostasis. Meningeal γδ …
Trends in #Adiposity and #Food Insecurity Among US Adults
https://2medical.news/2020/09/28/trends-in-adiposity-and-food-insecurity-among-us-adults/
..Food insecurity is a core indicator of nutritional status and “exists whenever the availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or the ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways is limited or uncertain.” ..Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was food insecurity. Data on BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) were categorized as follows: normal weight …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/28/trends-in-adiposity-and-food-insecurity-among-us-adults/
..Food insecurity is a core indicator of nutritional status and “exists whenever the availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or the ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways is limited or uncertain.” ..Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was food insecurity. Data on BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) were categorized as follows: normal weight …
#Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic #Kidney Disease
https://2medical.news/2020/09/28/dapagliflozin-in-patients-with-chronic-kidney-disease/
Patients with chronic kidney disease have a high risk of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. The effect of dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease, with or without type 2 diabetes, is not known.. ..The independent data monitoring committee recommended stopping the trial because of efficacy. Over a median of 2.4 years, a primary outcome event occurred in 197 of 2152 participants (9.2%) in the …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/28/dapagliflozin-in-patients-with-chronic-kidney-disease/
Patients with chronic kidney disease have a high risk of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. The effect of dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease, with or without type 2 diabetes, is not known.. ..The independent data monitoring committee recommended stopping the trial because of efficacy. Over a median of 2.4 years, a primary outcome event occurred in 197 of 2152 participants (9.2%) in the …
Low #carbohydrate diet and all cause and cause-specific #mortality
https://2medical.news/2020/09/29/low-carbohydrate-diet-and-all-cause-and-cause-specific-mortality/
Evidence is limited regarding the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and mortality among Asians, a population that consumes a large amount of carbohydrates.. ..A U-shaped association was observed between LCD score and total mortality: the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) of total mortality for lowest through highest scores were 1.00, 0.95 (0.91, 1.01), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), and 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/29/low-carbohydrate-diet-and-all-cause-and-cause-specific-mortality/
Evidence is limited regarding the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and mortality among Asians, a population that consumes a large amount of carbohydrates.. ..A U-shaped association was observed between LCD score and total mortality: the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) of total mortality for lowest through highest scores were 1.00, 0.95 (0.91, 1.01), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), and 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) …
#Language comprehension in the social #brain: Electrophysiological brain signals of social presence effects during syntactic and semantic sentence processing
https://2medical.news/2020/09/29/language-comprehension-in-the-social-brain-electrophysiological-brain-signals-of-social-presence-effects-during-syntactic-and-semantic-sentence-processing/
Although, evolutionarily, language emerged predominantly for social purposes, much has yet to be uncovered regarding how language processing is affected by social context. Social presence research studies the ways in which the presence of a conspecific affects processing, but has yet to be thoroughly applied to language processes. The principal aim of this study was to see how syntactic and semantic language processing might be …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/29/language-comprehension-in-the-social-brain-electrophysiological-brain-signals-of-social-presence-effects-during-syntactic-and-semantic-sentence-processing/
Although, evolutionarily, language emerged predominantly for social purposes, much has yet to be uncovered regarding how language processing is affected by social context. Social presence research studies the ways in which the presence of a conspecific affects processing, but has yet to be thoroughly applied to language processes. The principal aim of this study was to see how syntactic and semantic language processing might be …
Relationship Among Sensory Over-Responsivity, Problem Behaviors, and #Anxiety in Emerging Adults with #Autism Spectrum Disorder
https://2medical.news/2020/09/30/relationship-among-sensory-over-responsivity-problem-behaviors-and-anxiety-in-emerging-adults-with-autism-spectrum-disorder/
Despite the highly prevailing rate of sensory over-responsivity, problem behaviors, and anxiety among emerging adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little is known about the nature of their experiences. While previous studies have indicated potential relationships among these conditions, their connections still need to be clarified. This study aimed to examine the relationships between sensory over-responsivity, problem behaviors, and anxiety.. .. The percentage of emerging …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/30/relationship-among-sensory-over-responsivity-problem-behaviors-and-anxiety-in-emerging-adults-with-autism-spectrum-disorder/
Despite the highly prevailing rate of sensory over-responsivity, problem behaviors, and anxiety among emerging adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little is known about the nature of their experiences. While previous studies have indicated potential relationships among these conditions, their connections still need to be clarified. This study aimed to examine the relationships between sensory over-responsivity, problem behaviors, and anxiety.. .. The percentage of emerging …
Vitamin #D sufficiency, a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30 ng/mL reduced risk for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with #COVID-19 infection
https://2medical.news/2020/09/30/vitamin-d-sufficiency-a-serum-25-hydroxyvitamin-d-at-least-30-ng-ml-reduced-risk-for-adverse-clinical-outcomes-in-patients-with-covid-19-infection/
To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and its effect on adverse clinical outcomes, and parameters of immune function and mortality due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection.. ..Based on CDC criteria, among our study patients, 74% had severe COVID-19 infection and 32.8% were vitamin D sufficient. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a significant association between vitamin D sufficiency and reduction in clinical …
https://2medical.news/2020/09/30/vitamin-d-sufficiency-a-serum-25-hydroxyvitamin-d-at-least-30-ng-ml-reduced-risk-for-adverse-clinical-outcomes-in-patients-with-covid-19-infection/
To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and its effect on adverse clinical outcomes, and parameters of immune function and mortality due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection.. ..Based on CDC criteria, among our study patients, 74% had severe COVID-19 infection and 32.8% were vitamin D sufficient. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a significant association between vitamin D sufficiency and reduction in clinical …