CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes control immunity to #intestinal #fungi
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6372/232

Intestinal fungi are an important component of the microbiota, and recent studies have unveiled their potential in modulating host immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease. Nonetheless, the mechanisms governing immunity to gut fungal communities (mycobiota) remain unknown. We identified CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) as being essential for the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses to intestinal fungi. CX3CR1+ MNPs express antifungal receptors and activate antifungal responses in a Syk-dependent manner. Genetic ablation of CX3CR1+ MNPs in mice led to changes in gut fungal communities and to severe colitis that was rescued by antifungal treatment. In Crohn’s disease patients, a missense mutation in the gene encoding CX3CR1 was identified and found to be associated with impaired antifungal responses.

These results unravel a role of CX3CR1+ MNPs in mediating interactions between intestinal mycobiota and host immunity at steady state and during inflammatory disease

#Bile Acids Signal via TGR5 to Activate #Intestinal Stem Cells and Epithelial Regeneration
https://2medical.news/2020/09/23/bile-acids-signal-via-tgr5-to-activate-intestinal-stem-cells-and-epithelial-regeneration/

Renewal and patterning of the intestinal epithelium is coordinated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); dietary and metabolic factors provide signals to the niche that control ISC activity. Bile acids (BAs), metabolites in the gut, signal nutrient availability by activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also called TGR5). TGR5 is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but it is not clear how its activation …

#Intestinal barrier dysfunction plays an integral role in #arthritis pathology and can be targeted to ameliorate disease

https://2medical.news/2021/09/07/intestinal-barrier-dysfunction-plays-an-integral-role-in-arthritis-pathology-and-can-be-targeted-to-ameliorate-disease/

Circuit-specific enteric #glia regulate #intestinal motor neurocircuits

https://2medical.news/2021/10/14/circuit-specific-enteric-glia-regulate-intestinal-motor-neurocircuits/

Identification of a choroid plexus vascular barrier closing during #intestinal inflammation

https://2medical.news/2021/10/28/identification-of-a-choroid-plexus-vascular-barrier-closing-during-intestinal-inflammation/