#Semaglutide and #Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1607141#t=article

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 2 diabetes who were at high cardiovascular risk, the rate of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke was significantly lower among patients receiving semaglutide than among those receiving placebo, an outcome that confirmed the noninferiority of semaglutide

#Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with #Cardiovascular Disease
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1615664#t=article

The results were consistent across key subgroups, including the subgroup of patients in the lowest quartile for baseline LDL cholesterol levels (median, 74 mg per deciliter [1.9 mmol per liter]). There was no significant difference between the study groups with regard to adverse events (including new-onset diabetes and neurocognitive events), with the exception of injection-site reactions, which were more common with evolocumab (2.1% vs. 1.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

In our trial, inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab on a background of statin therapy lowered LDL cholesterol levels to a median of 30 mg per deciliter (0.78 mmol per liter) and reduced the risk of cardiovascular events. These findings show that patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease benefit from lowering of LDL cholesterol levels below current targets.

Autoantibodies against #GPIHBP1 as a Cause of #Hypertriglyceridemia

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1611930#t=article

In six patients with chylomicronemia, GPIHBP1 autoantibodies blocked the ability of GPIHBP1 to bind and transport lipoprotein lipase, thereby interfering with lipoprotein lipase–mediated processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and causing severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Selective and cross-reactive #SARS-CoV-2 #T cell epitopes in unexposed humans
https://2medical.news/2020/08/11/selective-and-cross-reactive-sars-cov-2-t-cell-epitopes-in-unexposed-humans/

Many unknowns exist about human immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4+ T cells have been reported in unexposed individuals, suggesting pre-existing cross-reactive T cell memory in 20-50% of people. However, the source of those T cells has been speculative. Using human blood samples derived before the SARS-CoV-2 virus was discovered in 2019, we mapped 142 T cell epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 genome …

Transcriptomic and clonal characterization of #T cells in the human central #nervous system
https://2medical.news/2020/09/22/transcriptomic-and-clonal-characterization-of-t-cells-in-the-human-central-nervous-system/

T cells provide critical immune surveillance to the central nervous system (CNS), and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to be a main route for their entry. Further characterization of the state of T cells in the CSF in healthy individuals is important for understanding how T cells provide protective immune surveillance without damaging the delicate environment of the CNS and providing tissue-specific context for …