🔆Federalism
✅It refers to the constitutionally allocated distribution of powers between two or more levels of government ie at national, provincial, state or local level.
✅ Features :
🔸 Consent of both levels
🔸 Financial autonomy of each
🔸 Promote unity and regional diversity
🔸 Two or more tiers of government
🔸 Constitutional guarantee
✅ Strengthening :
🔸 Horizontal federalism- competitive and cooperative federalism
🔸 Financial devolution reforms
🔸 Role of state government in covid 19 crisis.
🔸 formation of bodies like niti aayog & gst council.
✅ Weakening :
🔸 Rising regional demands
🔸 Arbitrariness- misuse of office of governors
🔸 Economic incapabilities
🔸 Developmental narratives- one nation one market, one nation one grid etc
✅ Reforms :
🔸 Relook 7th schedule
🔸 Effective utilization of federal institutions like interstate council Niti Aayog
🔸 Financial devolution of funds to state and local governments.
🔸 Shift from one size fit all model to flexible model of federalism.
#mains
#gs2
#polity
✅It refers to the constitutionally allocated distribution of powers between two or more levels of government ie at national, provincial, state or local level.
✅ Features :
🔸 Consent of both levels
🔸 Financial autonomy of each
🔸 Promote unity and regional diversity
🔸 Two or more tiers of government
🔸 Constitutional guarantee
✅ Strengthening :
🔸 Horizontal federalism- competitive and cooperative federalism
🔸 Financial devolution reforms
🔸 Role of state government in covid 19 crisis.
🔸 formation of bodies like niti aayog & gst council.
✅ Weakening :
🔸 Rising regional demands
🔸 Arbitrariness- misuse of office of governors
🔸 Economic incapabilities
🔸 Developmental narratives- one nation one market, one nation one grid etc
✅ Reforms :
🔸 Relook 7th schedule
🔸 Effective utilization of federal institutions like interstate council Niti Aayog
🔸 Financial devolution of funds to state and local governments.
🔸 Shift from one size fit all model to flexible model of federalism.
#mains
#gs2
#polity
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🔆 Hunger & Nutrition – Key Data (2024)
📍 Undernutrition & Ranking
✅ India ranked 105/127 in Global Hunger Index 2024
✅ Over 225 million undernourished people in India
📍 Women’s Health Indicators
✅ 57% of women (aged 15–49) are anaemic
✅ 18.7% women (aged 15–49) have BMI below 18.5
✅ 6.4% women and 4.0% men (aged 15–49) are obese
✅ 23% women and 22.1% men (aged 15–49) are overweight
📍 Child Nutrition Stats
✅ Stunting (under 5 years) = 35% (global avg = 23%)
✅ Underweight children = 30% (global avg = 13%)
✅ Wasted children = 19%
📍 Food & Welfare Coverage
✅ Food wastage in India ≈ 50 kg per person per year
✅ 99.01% beneficiaries covered under National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 in 2023–24
#GS2 #GS3 #GS1 #Ethics #essay #social_issue #mains
📍 Undernutrition & Ranking
✅ India ranked 105/127 in Global Hunger Index 2024
✅ Over 225 million undernourished people in India
📍 Women’s Health Indicators
✅ 57% of women (aged 15–49) are anaemic
✅ 18.7% women (aged 15–49) have BMI below 18.5
✅ 6.4% women and 4.0% men (aged 15–49) are obese
✅ 23% women and 22.1% men (aged 15–49) are overweight
📍 Child Nutrition Stats
✅ Stunting (under 5 years) = 35% (global avg = 23%)
✅ Underweight children = 30% (global avg = 13%)
✅ Wasted children = 19%
📍 Food & Welfare Coverage
✅ Food wastage in India ≈ 50 kg per person per year
✅ 99.01% beneficiaries covered under National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 in 2023–24
#GS2 #GS3 #GS1 #Ethics #essay #social_issue #mains
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🔆 Judiciary Data
📍 Total Pending Cases in Supreme Court
✅ 83,000 (34% cases less than 1 year old)
📍 Case Disposal Rate of Supreme Court
✅ 92.6%
📍 Total Pending Cases in High Courts
✅ ~ 60 lakh (75% cases more than 1 year old)
📍 High Courts Sanctioned Strength
✅ 1114, current = 968, vacancies ~ 150
📍 Total Pending Cases in District & Lower Judiciary
✅ ~ 4.5 crore (65% cases more than 1 year old)
📍 Judges to Population Ratio in India
✅ 21/million (120th Law Commission recommended 50/million)
📍 Vacancies in Judiciary as of November 2024
✅ More than 5,600 vacancies (2 in SC, 364 in HCs, 5245 in lower courts)
📍 PILs Filed Before the SC
✅ Consistently increased from 2014 (~30,000 PILs) to 2021 (~1,14,000 PILs)
#GS2 #GS4 #Ethics #essay #governance #mains
#polity
📍 Total Pending Cases in Supreme Court
✅ 83,000 (34% cases less than 1 year old)
📍 Case Disposal Rate of Supreme Court
✅ 92.6%
📍 Total Pending Cases in High Courts
✅ ~ 60 lakh (75% cases more than 1 year old)
📍 High Courts Sanctioned Strength
✅ 1114, current = 968, vacancies ~ 150
📍 Total Pending Cases in District & Lower Judiciary
✅ ~ 4.5 crore (65% cases more than 1 year old)
📍 Judges to Population Ratio in India
✅ 21/million (120th Law Commission recommended 50/million)
📍 Vacancies in Judiciary as of November 2024
✅ More than 5,600 vacancies (2 in SC, 364 in HCs, 5245 in lower courts)
📍 PILs Filed Before the SC
✅ Consistently increased from 2014 (~30,000 PILs) to 2021 (~1,14,000 PILs)
#GS2 #GS4 #Ethics #essay #governance #mains
#polity
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📘 Land, Forest, and Water Data – Snapshot
✅ 1 million sq km of land is getting degraded each year, with an estimated 15 million sq km already impacted (more than the entire continent of Antarctica) by land degradation
🔹 UNCCD – Land Degradation
✅ 27.77% of the total land area is degraded
🔹 SDG India Index 2024 – Land Degradation
✅ 46% global land area classified as drylands, home to a third of humanity
🔹 UNCCD Report – Drylands
✅ Forest Cover in India = 25% of geographical area (81 million hectares)
🔹 ISFR 2021 – Forest Cover
✅ There has been a net increase of 58,891 sq km in forest cover and 14,277 sq km in tree cover in the last two decades (2001 to 2021)
🔹 ISFR 2021
✅ Area under mangroves = 4992 sq km
🔹 ISFR 2021 – Mangroves
✅ 1.3 million hectares area covered under afforestation schemes
🔹 SDG India Index 2024 – Afforestation
✅ Remaining global forest cover is 60% — well below the safe boundary of 75%
🔹 UNCCD report – Forest Cover
✅ 20% of Earth’s land surface covered by the savanna is now under threat from cropland expansion and poorly planned afforestation
🔹 UNCCD report – Grasslands
✅ 47% aquifers of the world are being depleted faster than they are replenished
🔹 UNCCD Report – Water
✅ More than 50% of world’s major rivers disrupted by dam construction
🔹 UNCCD Report – Water, Rivers, Dam
#Data #GS3 #GS1 #GS2 #mains #essay
✅ 1 million sq km of land is getting degraded each year, with an estimated 15 million sq km already impacted (more than the entire continent of Antarctica) by land degradation
🔹 UNCCD – Land Degradation
✅ 27.77% of the total land area is degraded
🔹 SDG India Index 2024 – Land Degradation
✅ 46% global land area classified as drylands, home to a third of humanity
🔹 UNCCD Report – Drylands
✅ Forest Cover in India = 25% of geographical area (81 million hectares)
🔹 ISFR 2021 – Forest Cover
✅ There has been a net increase of 58,891 sq km in forest cover and 14,277 sq km in tree cover in the last two decades (2001 to 2021)
🔹 ISFR 2021
✅ Area under mangroves = 4992 sq km
🔹 ISFR 2021 – Mangroves
✅ 1.3 million hectares area covered under afforestation schemes
🔹 SDG India Index 2024 – Afforestation
✅ Remaining global forest cover is 60% — well below the safe boundary of 75%
🔹 UNCCD report – Forest Cover
✅ 20% of Earth’s land surface covered by the savanna is now under threat from cropland expansion and poorly planned afforestation
🔹 UNCCD report – Grasslands
✅ 47% aquifers of the world are being depleted faster than they are replenished
🔹 UNCCD Report – Water
✅ More than 50% of world’s major rivers disrupted by dam construction
🔹 UNCCD Report – Water, Rivers, Dam
#Data #GS3 #GS1 #GS2 #mains #essay
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