🔆World Iodine Deficiency Day

✅World Iodine Deficiency Day, also known as Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Day, is observed annually on 21st October.
✅The day aims to raise awareness about the essential role of iodine in maintaining good health and to emphasize the consequences of iodine deficiency.
✅A major policy decision was made in 1984 to iodize all edible salt in India, which became a phased initiative starting in 1986.

📍The implementation of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP) has led to significant achievements in the reduction of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) across India:
 
🔰Reduction in Total Goiter Rate (TGR)
🔰Increased Iodized Salt Production & Consumption
🔰The Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulation, 2011
🔰Establishment of monitoring labs

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🔆 "Bharatiya Antriksh Station"

✅India will have its own Space Station by 2035, which will be known as "Bharatiya Antriksh Station"

✅ISRO and Department of Biotechnology Sign Landmark MoU, Ushering in New Era of Space and Biotech Innovation

✅A space station (or orbital station) is a spacecraft which remains in orbit and hosts humans for extended periods of time. It therefore is an artificial satellite featuring habitation facilities.

✅The first space station was Salyut 1 (1971), hosting the first crew, of the ill-fated Soyuz 11. Consecutively space stations have been operated since Skylab (1973) and occupied since 1987 with the Salyut successor Mir. Uninterrupted occupation has been sustained since the operational transition from the Mir to the International Space Station (ISS), with its first occupation in 2000.

✅Currently there are two fully operational space stations – the ISS and China's Tiangong Space Station (TSS), which have been occupied since October 2000 with Expedition 1 and since June 2022 with Shenzhou 14.


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🔆Nano Urea:

✅It is a nanotechnology-based revolutionary agri-input that provides nitrogen to plants.
✅It is developed and patented by the Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO).
✅IFFCO Nano Urea is the only nano fertilizer approved by the Government of India and included in the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO).

📍Features:
✅Compared to conventional urea prill, Nano Urea has a desirable particle size of about 20-50 nm, and more surface area (10,000 times over 1 mm urea prill), and number of particles (55,000 nitrogen particles over 1 mm urea prill).
✅It contains 4.0 % total nitrogen (w/v).

📍Benefits:
✅It is produced by an energy-efficient, environment-friendly production process with less carbon footprints.
✅It is more efficient in terms of nutrient uptake and releases nitrogen more slowly.
✅It reduces the amount of nitrogen lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases.
✅It is expected to improve crop productivity, soil health, and nutritional quality of produce and address the "imbalanced and excessive use" of conventional fertilizer.

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All about Lithium #gs3 #science_technology

🔆Green World Environment Award:

✅Award Significance: Recognizes organizations for outstanding contributions to environmental sustainability and CSR initiatives globally.
✅Recipient: Coal India Limited in 2024 for its Thalassemia Bal Sewa Yojna, which supports curative treatments for Thalassemia through Bone Marrow Transplants (BMT).
✅Support: Thalassemia Bal Sewa Yojna provide financial assistance of up to ₹10 lakh provided for BMT operations across 17 partner hospitals.
✅Presented by: The Green Organisation at Kensington Palace, London

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INS Tushil
✅It is an upgraded Krivak III class frigate of the Project 1135.6 of which six are already in service.
Tushil means “the protector shield”, and its crest represents the “Abhedya Kavacham (impenetrable shield)”.
✅Its motto is “Nirbhay, Abhedya aur Balsheel (Fearless, Indomitable, and Resolute)”.
✅It is designed for blue water operations across the spectrum of naval warfare in all four dimensions air, surface, underwater and electromagnetic.
✅It is armed with a range of advanced weapons, including the jointly-developed Brahmos supersonic cruise missiles.

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Crohn’s Disease:

✅It is a type ofinflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
✅It is a chronic, or long-term condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract.
✅Causes: It is not clear what causes Crohn’s disease. Experts suggest that it may stem from an abnormal reaction of the immune system.
✅Although it typically starts in childhood or early adulthood, Crohn’s disease can develop at any age.
✅Inflammationcaused by Crohn's disease can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different people, most commonly the small intestine.
✅Symptoms: The most common symptoms of Crohn’s disease are diarrhoea, cramping and painin your abdomen, anaemia, altered appetite, and weight loss.
✅Treatment: There's no known cure for Crohn's disease, but therapies can greatly reduce its signs and symptoms.

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🔆Nano-plastics identified as emerging agents in spread of antibiotic resistance

Nanoplastics derived from single-use plastic bottles (SUPBs) contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance
(AR), shows a new study, underscoring an unrecognized public health risk

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🔆Manganese:

✅Manganese is the fifth-most abundant metal on earth that exists in the form of oxides, carbonates and silicates. 
✅It is present in water, soil and rock as a naturally occurring component.
Properties
✅It is too brittle to be of much use as a pure metal. It is mainly used in alloys, such as steel.
✅Its minerals are widely distributed, with pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) and rhodochrosite (manganese carbonate) being the most common.
✅It somewhat resembles iron in general chemical activity.
✅It oxidizes superficially in air and rusts in moist air. 
✅It is obtained by reducing the oxide with sodium, magnesium or aluminium, or by the electrolysis of manganese sulfate.
✅Its ores are primarily found in Australia, South Africa, China, Gabon and Brazil.
✅It is essential for the growth of plants and is also involved in the assimilation of nitrates in plants and algae.

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🔆GPS Spoofing:

✅GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals. 
✅Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
✅This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.

📍How Does GPS Spoofing Work?

✅It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure – the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
✅The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
✅These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
✅However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
✅Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victim’s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
✅With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
✅These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
✅As a result, the victim’s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.

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Iberian Lynx #science_technology #environment@thegameoftoppers