Crohnβs Disease:
β It is a type ofinflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
β It is a chronic, or long-term condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract.
β Causes: It is not clear what causes Crohnβs disease. Experts suggest that it may stem from an abnormal reaction of the immune system.
β Although it typically starts in childhood or early adulthood, Crohnβs disease can develop at any age.
β Inflammationcaused by Crohn's disease can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different people, most commonly the small intestine.
β Symptoms: The most common symptoms of Crohnβs disease are diarrhoea, cramping and painin your abdomen, anaemia, altered appetite, and weight loss.
β Treatment: There's no known cure for Crohn's disease, but therapies can greatly reduce its signs and symptoms.
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
#prelims
β It is a type ofinflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
β It is a chronic, or long-term condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract.
β Causes: It is not clear what causes Crohnβs disease. Experts suggest that it may stem from an abnormal reaction of the immune system.
β Although it typically starts in childhood or early adulthood, Crohnβs disease can develop at any age.
β Inflammationcaused by Crohn's disease can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different people, most commonly the small intestine.
β Symptoms: The most common symptoms of Crohnβs disease are diarrhoea, cramping and painin your abdomen, anaemia, altered appetite, and weight loss.
β Treatment: There's no known cure for Crohn's disease, but therapies can greatly reduce its signs and symptoms.
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
#prelims
πThe article analyzes Beijing's successful efforts to reduce air pollution and draws parallels with Delhi's situation.
Key Points:
πBeijing's Success:
β Significant reduction in air pollution levels between 2013 and 2017.
β Coordinated efforts across multiple sectors, including transport, industry, and energy.
Stricter regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns.
β Substantial financial investment in pollution control measures.
πDelhi's Challenges:
β Similar air pollution levels to Beijing in 2015.
β Need for comprehensive and integrated approach to tackle pollution.
β Importance of regional cooperation to address transboundary pollution.
β Political will and sustained efforts required for long-term impact.
πLessons for Delhi:
β Prioritize public transport and reduce reliance on private vehicles.
β Improve industrial emissions standards and enforce regulations.
β Invest in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures.
#science_and_technology #GS3 #environment
Key Points:
πBeijing's Success:
β Significant reduction in air pollution levels between 2013 and 2017.
β Coordinated efforts across multiple sectors, including transport, industry, and energy.
Stricter regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns.
β Substantial financial investment in pollution control measures.
πDelhi's Challenges:
β Similar air pollution levels to Beijing in 2015.
β Need for comprehensive and integrated approach to tackle pollution.
β Importance of regional cooperation to address transboundary pollution.
β Political will and sustained efforts required for long-term impact.
πLessons for Delhi:
β Prioritize public transport and reduce reliance on private vehicles.
β Improve industrial emissions standards and enforce regulations.
β Invest in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures.
#science_and_technology #GS3 #environment
Polar Geoengineering
In News
β’ Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 95% since the 1980s(NSIDC)
β’ Ice loss fuels global warming through a "doom loop" effect
TechniqueβοΈ?
β’ Pump seawater onto ice to freeze it, adding thickness
β’ Remove insulating snow to promote ice growth
#science_and_technology #prelims
In News
β’ Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 95% since the 1980s(NSIDC)
β’ Ice loss fuels global warming through a "doom loop" effect
TechniqueβοΈ?
β’ Pump seawater onto ice to freeze it, adding thickness
β’ Remove insulating snow to promote ice growth
#science_and_technology #prelims
π2
πMolecular Motors
β Scientists at the National Centre for Biological Sciences have found a new type of molecular motor that could be used in life science and medicine.
πMolecular Motor:
β Molecular motors are a class of proteins that drive intracellular trafficking by converting chemical energy to mechanical work along cytoskeletal filaments.
β Molecular motor proteins are essential for muscle contraction and the movement of cilia and flagella. These structures allow cells to move and transport substances.
β Research on molecular motors has led to the development of potential new drugs that can improve heart function
β The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules and filaments, which give the cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts.
#science_and_technology
β Scientists at the National Centre for Biological Sciences have found a new type of molecular motor that could be used in life science and medicine.
πMolecular Motor:
β Molecular motors are a class of proteins that drive intracellular trafficking by converting chemical energy to mechanical work along cytoskeletal filaments.
β Molecular motor proteins are essential for muscle contraction and the movement of cilia and flagella. These structures allow cells to move and transport substances.
β Research on molecular motors has led to the development of potential new drugs that can improve heart function
β The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules and filaments, which give the cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts.
#science_and_technology
π World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)
π Context:
β WOAH has released its Annual Report on Antimicrobial Agents for Animal Use.
π About WOAH:
β Purpose: Promotes global animal health, welfare, and transparency regarding animal diseases.
β Genesis: Founded in 1924 as Office International des Epizooties, renamed WOAH in 2003.
β Members: 183 countries, including India since 1924.
β Headquarters: Paris, France.
π Key Focus Areas:
β Identified 117 illnesses, including 50+ wildlife diseases impacting livestock, public health, and wildlife.
β Zoonoses: Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
β Recognized by WTO as the authority on international animal health standards and zoonoses.
#science_and_technology
π Context:
β WOAH has released its Annual Report on Antimicrobial Agents for Animal Use.
π About WOAH:
β Purpose: Promotes global animal health, welfare, and transparency regarding animal diseases.
β Genesis: Founded in 1924 as Office International des Epizooties, renamed WOAH in 2003.
β Members: 183 countries, including India since 1924.
β Headquarters: Paris, France.
π Key Focus Areas:
β Identified 117 illnesses, including 50+ wildlife diseases impacting livestock, public health, and wildlife.
β Zoonoses: Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
β Recognized by WTO as the authority on international animal health standards and zoonoses.
#science_and_technology
π Endosymbiotic Theory
π Context
β Recent research on nitrogen fixation and nitroplast has renewed interest in the endosymbiotic theory.
π About Endosymbiotic Theory
β The Endosymbiotic Theory explains how complex eukaryotic cells (like those in plants and animals) evolved from simpler prokaryotic cells.
β According to this theory, certain organelles in eukaryotic cells (like mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free-living prokaryotic cells that formed a symbiotic relationship with a host cell.
#science_and_technology
π Context
β Recent research on nitrogen fixation and nitroplast has renewed interest in the endosymbiotic theory.
π About Endosymbiotic Theory
β The Endosymbiotic Theory explains how complex eukaryotic cells (like those in plants and animals) evolved from simpler prokaryotic cells.
β According to this theory, certain organelles in eukaryotic cells (like mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free-living prokaryotic cells that formed a symbiotic relationship with a host cell.
#science_and_technology
π³ Sansad Bhashaani initiative will revolutionise parliamentary documentation and accessibility through AI and real-time translation
βΎοΈIn a major step towards modernising parliamentary procedures, the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop the Sansad Bhashaani initiative.
βΎοΈIt is designed to integrate AI-powered tools that will facilitate multilingual support, optimize documentation, and improve overall parliamentary operations.
βΎοΈThe initiative will deploy cutting-edge AI applications such as real-time speech-to-text transcription, speech-to-speech translation, and interactive AI chatbots.
βΎοΈThese technologies will ensure seamless translation of parliamentary debates, committee reports, and legislative documents into multiple Indian languages, thereby fostering inclusivity and broader public engagement.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #polity #science_and_technology
βΎοΈIn a major step towards modernising parliamentary procedures, the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop the Sansad Bhashaani initiative.
βΎοΈIt is designed to integrate AI-powered tools that will facilitate multilingual support, optimize documentation, and improve overall parliamentary operations.
βΎοΈThe initiative will deploy cutting-edge AI applications such as real-time speech-to-text transcription, speech-to-speech translation, and interactive AI chatbots.
βΎοΈThese technologies will ensure seamless translation of parliamentary debates, committee reports, and legislative documents into multiple Indian languages, thereby fostering inclusivity and broader public engagement.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #polity #science_and_technology
π Sushruta Samhita: Ancient Text on Surgery
π Overview
β Relates to the school of surgery, providing essential principles for medical and surgical practices.
β Contains descriptions of over 100 surgical instruments, operative procedures, 650 drugs, and key aspects of anatomy, embryology, toxicology, and therapeutics.
π Sections of the Sushruta Samhita
β Sutrasthana: Deals with the primary principles of medical sciences and pharmacology.
β Nidana: Focuses on pathological concepts.
β Sarirasthana: Describes human anatomy.
β Chikitsasthanam: Covers medical and surgical management.
β Kalpasthanam: Provides insights on toxicology.
#science_and_technology
π Overview
β Relates to the school of surgery, providing essential principles for medical and surgical practices.
β Contains descriptions of over 100 surgical instruments, operative procedures, 650 drugs, and key aspects of anatomy, embryology, toxicology, and therapeutics.
π Sections of the Sushruta Samhita
β Sutrasthana: Deals with the primary principles of medical sciences and pharmacology.
β Nidana: Focuses on pathological concepts.
β Sarirasthana: Describes human anatomy.
β Chikitsasthanam: Covers medical and surgical management.
β Kalpasthanam: Provides insights on toxicology.
#science_and_technology