🔆 "Bharatiya Antriksh Station"
✅India will have its own Space Station by 2035, which will be known as "Bharatiya Antriksh Station"
✅ISRO and Department of Biotechnology Sign Landmark MoU, Ushering in New Era of Space and Biotech Innovation
✅A space station (or orbital station) is a spacecraft which remains in orbit and hosts humans for extended periods of time. It therefore is an artificial satellite featuring habitation facilities.
✅The first space station was Salyut 1 (1971), hosting the first crew, of the ill-fated Soyuz 11. Consecutively space stations have been operated since Skylab (1973) and occupied since 1987 with the Salyut successor Mir. Uninterrupted occupation has been sustained since the operational transition from the Mir to the International Space Station (ISS), with its first occupation in 2000.
✅Currently there are two fully operational space stations – the ISS and China's Tiangong Space Station (TSS), which have been occupied since October 2000 with Expedition 1 and since June 2022 with Shenzhou 14.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
✅India will have its own Space Station by 2035, which will be known as "Bharatiya Antriksh Station"
✅ISRO and Department of Biotechnology Sign Landmark MoU, Ushering in New Era of Space and Biotech Innovation
✅A space station (or orbital station) is a spacecraft which remains in orbit and hosts humans for extended periods of time. It therefore is an artificial satellite featuring habitation facilities.
✅The first space station was Salyut 1 (1971), hosting the first crew, of the ill-fated Soyuz 11. Consecutively space stations have been operated since Skylab (1973) and occupied since 1987 with the Salyut successor Mir. Uninterrupted occupation has been sustained since the operational transition from the Mir to the International Space Station (ISS), with its first occupation in 2000.
✅Currently there are two fully operational space stations – the ISS and China's Tiangong Space Station (TSS), which have been occupied since October 2000 with Expedition 1 and since June 2022 with Shenzhou 14.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
🔆Nano Urea:
✅It is a nanotechnology-based revolutionary agri-input that provides nitrogen to plants.
✅It is developed and patented by the Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO).
✅IFFCO Nano Urea is the only nano fertilizer approved by the Government of India and included in the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO).
📍Features:
✅Compared to conventional urea prill, Nano Urea has a desirable particle size of about 20-50 nm, and more surface area (10,000 times over 1 mm urea prill), and number of particles (55,000 nitrogen particles over 1 mm urea prill).
✅It contains 4.0 % total nitrogen (w/v).
📍Benefits:
✅It is produced by an energy-efficient, environment-friendly production process with less carbon footprints.
✅It is more efficient in terms of nutrient uptake and releases nitrogen more slowly.
✅It reduces the amount of nitrogen lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases.
✅It is expected to improve crop productivity, soil health, and nutritional quality of produce and address the "imbalanced and excessive use" of conventional fertilizer.
#gs3
#economy
#agriculture
#science_technology
#mains
✅It is a nanotechnology-based revolutionary agri-input that provides nitrogen to plants.
✅It is developed and patented by the Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO).
✅IFFCO Nano Urea is the only nano fertilizer approved by the Government of India and included in the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO).
📍Features:
✅Compared to conventional urea prill, Nano Urea has a desirable particle size of about 20-50 nm, and more surface area (10,000 times over 1 mm urea prill), and number of particles (55,000 nitrogen particles over 1 mm urea prill).
✅It contains 4.0 % total nitrogen (w/v).
📍Benefits:
✅It is produced by an energy-efficient, environment-friendly production process with less carbon footprints.
✅It is more efficient in terms of nutrient uptake and releases nitrogen more slowly.
✅It reduces the amount of nitrogen lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases.
✅It is expected to improve crop productivity, soil health, and nutritional quality of produce and address the "imbalanced and excessive use" of conventional fertilizer.
#gs3
#economy
#agriculture
#science_technology
#mains
🔆Green World Environment Award:
✅Award Significance: Recognizes organizations for outstanding contributions to environmental sustainability and CSR initiatives globally.
✅Recipient: Coal India Limited in 2024 for its Thalassemia Bal Sewa Yojna, which supports curative treatments for Thalassemia through Bone Marrow Transplants (BMT).
✅Support: Thalassemia Bal Sewa Yojna provide financial assistance of up to ₹10 lakh provided for BMT operations across 17 partner hospitals.
✅Presented by: The Green Organisation at Kensington Palace, London
#science_technology #current affairs #prelims
✅Award Significance: Recognizes organizations for outstanding contributions to environmental sustainability and CSR initiatives globally.
✅Recipient: Coal India Limited in 2024 for its Thalassemia Bal Sewa Yojna, which supports curative treatments for Thalassemia through Bone Marrow Transplants (BMT).
✅Support: Thalassemia Bal Sewa Yojna provide financial assistance of up to ₹10 lakh provided for BMT operations across 17 partner hospitals.
✅Presented by: The Green Organisation at Kensington Palace, London
#science_technology #current affairs #prelims
👍2
INS Tushil
✅It is an upgraded Krivak III class frigate of the Project 1135.6 of which six are already in service.
Tushil means “the protector shield”, and its crest represents the “Abhedya Kavacham (impenetrable shield)”.
✅Its motto is “Nirbhay, Abhedya aur Balsheel (Fearless, Indomitable, and Resolute)”.
✅It is designed for blue water operations across the spectrum of naval warfare in all four dimensions air, surface, underwater and electromagnetic.
✅It is armed with a range of advanced weapons, including the jointly-developed Brahmos supersonic cruise missiles.
#gs3
#prelims #security #science_technology
#defence
✅It is an upgraded Krivak III class frigate of the Project 1135.6 of which six are already in service.
Tushil means “the protector shield”, and its crest represents the “Abhedya Kavacham (impenetrable shield)”.
✅Its motto is “Nirbhay, Abhedya aur Balsheel (Fearless, Indomitable, and Resolute)”.
✅It is designed for blue water operations across the spectrum of naval warfare in all four dimensions air, surface, underwater and electromagnetic.
✅It is armed with a range of advanced weapons, including the jointly-developed Brahmos supersonic cruise missiles.
#gs3
#prelims #security #science_technology
#defence
Crohn’s Disease:
✅It is a type ofinflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
✅It is a chronic, or long-term condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract.
✅Causes: It is not clear what causes Crohn’s disease. Experts suggest that it may stem from an abnormal reaction of the immune system.
✅Although it typically starts in childhood or early adulthood, Crohn’s disease can develop at any age.
✅Inflammationcaused by Crohn's disease can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different people, most commonly the small intestine.
✅Symptoms: The most common symptoms of Crohn’s disease are diarrhoea, cramping and painin your abdomen, anaemia, altered appetite, and weight loss.
✅Treatment: There's no known cure for Crohn's disease, but therapies can greatly reduce its signs and symptoms.
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
#prelims
✅It is a type ofinflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
✅It is a chronic, or long-term condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract.
✅Causes: It is not clear what causes Crohn’s disease. Experts suggest that it may stem from an abnormal reaction of the immune system.
✅Although it typically starts in childhood or early adulthood, Crohn’s disease can develop at any age.
✅Inflammationcaused by Crohn's disease can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different people, most commonly the small intestine.
✅Symptoms: The most common symptoms of Crohn’s disease are diarrhoea, cramping and painin your abdomen, anaemia, altered appetite, and weight loss.
✅Treatment: There's no known cure for Crohn's disease, but therapies can greatly reduce its signs and symptoms.
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
#prelims
🔆The article analyzes Beijing's successful efforts to reduce air pollution and draws parallels with Delhi's situation.
Key Points:
📍Beijing's Success:
✅Significant reduction in air pollution levels between 2013 and 2017.
✅Coordinated efforts across multiple sectors, including transport, industry, and energy.
Stricter regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns.
✅Substantial financial investment in pollution control measures.
📍Delhi's Challenges:
✅Similar air pollution levels to Beijing in 2015.
✅Need for comprehensive and integrated approach to tackle pollution.
✅Importance of regional cooperation to address transboundary pollution.
✅Political will and sustained efforts required for long-term impact.
📍Lessons for Delhi:
✅Prioritize public transport and reduce reliance on private vehicles.
✅Improve industrial emissions standards and enforce regulations.
✅Invest in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures.
#science_and_technology #GS3 #environment
Key Points:
📍Beijing's Success:
✅Significant reduction in air pollution levels between 2013 and 2017.
✅Coordinated efforts across multiple sectors, including transport, industry, and energy.
Stricter regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns.
✅Substantial financial investment in pollution control measures.
📍Delhi's Challenges:
✅Similar air pollution levels to Beijing in 2015.
✅Need for comprehensive and integrated approach to tackle pollution.
✅Importance of regional cooperation to address transboundary pollution.
✅Political will and sustained efforts required for long-term impact.
📍Lessons for Delhi:
✅Prioritize public transport and reduce reliance on private vehicles.
✅Improve industrial emissions standards and enforce regulations.
✅Invest in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures.
#science_and_technology #GS3 #environment
Polar Geoengineering
In News
• Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 95% since the 1980s(NSIDC)
• Ice loss fuels global warming through a "doom loop" effect
Technique⚙️?
• Pump seawater onto ice to freeze it, adding thickness
• Remove insulating snow to promote ice growth
#science_and_technology #prelims
In News
• Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 95% since the 1980s(NSIDC)
• Ice loss fuels global warming through a "doom loop" effect
Technique⚙️?
• Pump seawater onto ice to freeze it, adding thickness
• Remove insulating snow to promote ice growth
#science_and_technology #prelims
👍2
🔆Nano-plastics identified as emerging agents in spread of antibiotic resistance
Nanoplastics derived from single-use plastic bottles (SUPBs) contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance
(AR), shows a new study, underscoring an unrecognized public health risk
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
Nanoplastics derived from single-use plastic bottles (SUPBs) contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance
(AR), shows a new study, underscoring an unrecognized public health risk
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
🔆Manganese:
✅Manganese is the fifth-most abundant metal on earth that exists in the form of oxides, carbonates and silicates.
✅It is present in water, soil and rock as a naturally occurring component.
Properties
✅It is too brittle to be of much use as a pure metal. It is mainly used in alloys, such as steel.
✅Its minerals are widely distributed, with pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) and rhodochrosite (manganese carbonate) being the most common.
✅It somewhat resembles iron in general chemical activity.
✅It oxidizes superficially in air and rusts in moist air.
✅It is obtained by reducing the oxide with sodium, magnesium or aluminium, or by the electrolysis of manganese sulfate.
✅Its ores are primarily found in Australia, South Africa, China, Gabon and Brazil.
✅It is essential for the growth of plants and is also involved in the assimilation of nitrates in plants and algae.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology@thegameoftoppers
✅Manganese is the fifth-most abundant metal on earth that exists in the form of oxides, carbonates and silicates.
✅It is present in water, soil and rock as a naturally occurring component.
Properties
✅It is too brittle to be of much use as a pure metal. It is mainly used in alloys, such as steel.
✅Its minerals are widely distributed, with pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) and rhodochrosite (manganese carbonate) being the most common.
✅It somewhat resembles iron in general chemical activity.
✅It oxidizes superficially in air and rusts in moist air.
✅It is obtained by reducing the oxide with sodium, magnesium or aluminium, or by the electrolysis of manganese sulfate.
✅Its ores are primarily found in Australia, South Africa, China, Gabon and Brazil.
✅It is essential for the growth of plants and is also involved in the assimilation of nitrates in plants and algae.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology@thegameoftoppers
🔆GPS Spoofing:
✅GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals.
✅Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
✅This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.
📍How Does GPS Spoofing Work?
✅It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure – the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
✅The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
✅These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
✅However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
✅Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victim’s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
✅With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
✅These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
✅As a result, the victim’s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology #science@thegameoftoppers
✅GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals.
✅Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
✅This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.
📍How Does GPS Spoofing Work?
✅It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure – the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
✅The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
✅These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
✅However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
✅Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victim’s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
✅With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
✅These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
✅As a result, the victim’s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology #science@thegameoftoppers
😁2
🔆Molecular Motors
✅Scientists at the National Centre for Biological Sciences have found a new type of molecular motor that could be used in life science and medicine.
📍Molecular Motor:
✅Molecular motors are a class of proteins that drive intracellular trafficking by converting chemical energy to mechanical work along cytoskeletal filaments.
✅Molecular motor proteins are essential for muscle contraction and the movement of cilia and flagella. These structures allow cells to move and transport substances.
✅Research on molecular motors has led to the development of potential new drugs that can improve heart function
✅The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules and filaments, which give the cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts.
#science_and_technology
✅Scientists at the National Centre for Biological Sciences have found a new type of molecular motor that could be used in life science and medicine.
📍Molecular Motor:
✅Molecular motors are a class of proteins that drive intracellular trafficking by converting chemical energy to mechanical work along cytoskeletal filaments.
✅Molecular motor proteins are essential for muscle contraction and the movement of cilia and flagella. These structures allow cells to move and transport substances.
✅Research on molecular motors has led to the development of potential new drugs that can improve heart function
✅The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules and filaments, which give the cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts.
#science_and_technology
🔆 World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)
📍 Context:
✅ WOAH has released its Annual Report on Antimicrobial Agents for Animal Use.
📍 About WOAH:
✅ Purpose: Promotes global animal health, welfare, and transparency regarding animal diseases.
✅ Genesis: Founded in 1924 as Office International des Epizooties, renamed WOAH in 2003.
✅ Members: 183 countries, including India since 1924.
✅ Headquarters: Paris, France.
📍 Key Focus Areas:
✅ Identified 117 illnesses, including 50+ wildlife diseases impacting livestock, public health, and wildlife.
✅ Zoonoses: Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
✅ Recognized by WTO as the authority on international animal health standards and zoonoses.
#science_and_technology
📍 Context:
✅ WOAH has released its Annual Report on Antimicrobial Agents for Animal Use.
📍 About WOAH:
✅ Purpose: Promotes global animal health, welfare, and transparency regarding animal diseases.
✅ Genesis: Founded in 1924 as Office International des Epizooties, renamed WOAH in 2003.
✅ Members: 183 countries, including India since 1924.
✅ Headquarters: Paris, France.
📍 Key Focus Areas:
✅ Identified 117 illnesses, including 50+ wildlife diseases impacting livestock, public health, and wildlife.
✅ Zoonoses: Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
✅ Recognized by WTO as the authority on international animal health standards and zoonoses.
#science_and_technology
🔆 Endosymbiotic Theory
📍 Context
✅ Recent research on nitrogen fixation and nitroplast has renewed interest in the endosymbiotic theory.
📍 About Endosymbiotic Theory
✅ The Endosymbiotic Theory explains how complex eukaryotic cells (like those in plants and animals) evolved from simpler prokaryotic cells.
✅ According to this theory, certain organelles in eukaryotic cells (like mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free-living prokaryotic cells that formed a symbiotic relationship with a host cell.
#science_and_technology
📍 Context
✅ Recent research on nitrogen fixation and nitroplast has renewed interest in the endosymbiotic theory.
📍 About Endosymbiotic Theory
✅ The Endosymbiotic Theory explains how complex eukaryotic cells (like those in plants and animals) evolved from simpler prokaryotic cells.
✅ According to this theory, certain organelles in eukaryotic cells (like mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free-living prokaryotic cells that formed a symbiotic relationship with a host cell.
#science_and_technology
🔳 Sansad Bhashaani initiative will revolutionise parliamentary documentation and accessibility through AI and real-time translation
◾️In a major step towards modernising parliamentary procedures, the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop the Sansad Bhashaani initiative.
◾️It is designed to integrate AI-powered tools that will facilitate multilingual support, optimize documentation, and improve overall parliamentary operations.
◾️The initiative will deploy cutting-edge AI applications such as real-time speech-to-text transcription, speech-to-speech translation, and interactive AI chatbots.
◾️These technologies will ensure seamless translation of parliamentary debates, committee reports, and legislative documents into multiple Indian languages, thereby fostering inclusivity and broader public engagement.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #polity #science_and_technology
◾️In a major step towards modernising parliamentary procedures, the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop the Sansad Bhashaani initiative.
◾️It is designed to integrate AI-powered tools that will facilitate multilingual support, optimize documentation, and improve overall parliamentary operations.
◾️The initiative will deploy cutting-edge AI applications such as real-time speech-to-text transcription, speech-to-speech translation, and interactive AI chatbots.
◾️These technologies will ensure seamless translation of parliamentary debates, committee reports, and legislative documents into multiple Indian languages, thereby fostering inclusivity and broader public engagement.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #polity #science_and_technology
🔆 Sushruta Samhita: Ancient Text on Surgery
📍 Overview
✅ Relates to the school of surgery, providing essential principles for medical and surgical practices.
✅ Contains descriptions of over 100 surgical instruments, operative procedures, 650 drugs, and key aspects of anatomy, embryology, toxicology, and therapeutics.
📍 Sections of the Sushruta Samhita
✅ Sutrasthana: Deals with the primary principles of medical sciences and pharmacology.
✅ Nidana: Focuses on pathological concepts.
✅ Sarirasthana: Describes human anatomy.
✅ Chikitsasthanam: Covers medical and surgical management.
✅ Kalpasthanam: Provides insights on toxicology.
#science_and_technology
📍 Overview
✅ Relates to the school of surgery, providing essential principles for medical and surgical practices.
✅ Contains descriptions of over 100 surgical instruments, operative procedures, 650 drugs, and key aspects of anatomy, embryology, toxicology, and therapeutics.
📍 Sections of the Sushruta Samhita
✅ Sutrasthana: Deals with the primary principles of medical sciences and pharmacology.
✅ Nidana: Focuses on pathological concepts.
✅ Sarirasthana: Describes human anatomy.
✅ Chikitsasthanam: Covers medical and surgical management.
✅ Kalpasthanam: Provides insights on toxicology.
#science_and_technology