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Management of Type 1 #Diabetes With a Very Low–Carbohydrate #Diet
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2018/05/03/peds.2017-3349
Of 316 respondents, 131 (42%) were parents of children with T1DM, and 57% were of female sex. Suggestive evidence of T1DM (based on a 3-tier scoring system in which researchers took into consideration age and weight at diagnosis, pancreatic autoimmunity, insulin requirement, and clinical presentation) was obtained for 273 (86%) respondents. The mean age at diagnosis was 16 ± 14 years, the duration of diabetes was 11 ± 13 years, and the time following a VLCD was 2.2 ± 3.9 years. Participants had a mean daily carbohydrate intake of 36 ± 15 g. Reported mean HbA1c was 5.67% ± 0.66%. Only 7 (2%) respondents reported diabetes-related hospitalizations in the past year, including 4 (1%) for ketoacidosis and 2 (1%) for hypoglycemia.
CONCLUSIONS: Exceptional glycemic control of T1DM with low rates of adverse events was reported by a community of children and adults who consume a VLCD. The generalizability of these findings requires further studies, including high-quality randomized controlled trials.
Management of Type 1 #Diabetes With a Very Low–Carbohydrate #Diet
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2018/05/03/peds.2017-3349
Of 316 respondents, 131 (42%) were parents of children with T1DM, and 57% were of female sex. Suggestive evidence of T1DM (based on a 3-tier scoring system in which researchers took into consideration age and weight at diagnosis, pancreatic autoimmunity, insulin requirement, and clinical presentation) was obtained for 273 (86%) respondents. The mean age at diagnosis was 16 ± 14 years, the duration of diabetes was 11 ± 13 years, and the time following a VLCD was 2.2 ± 3.9 years. Participants had a mean daily carbohydrate intake of 36 ± 15 g. Reported mean HbA1c was 5.67% ± 0.66%. Only 7 (2%) respondents reported diabetes-related hospitalizations in the past year, including 4 (1%) for ketoacidosis and 2 (1%) for hypoglycemia.
CONCLUSIONS: Exceptional glycemic control of T1DM with low rates of adverse events was reported by a community of children and adults who consume a VLCD. The generalizability of these findings requires further studies, including high-quality randomized controlled trials.
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Evaluation of the #diet wide contribution to serum #urate levels: meta-analysis of population based cohorts
https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k3951
Seven foods were associated with raised serum urate levels (beer, liquor, wine, potato, poultry, soft drinks, and meat (beef, pork, or lamb)) and eight foods were associated with reduced serum urate levels (eggs, peanuts, cold cereal, skim milk, cheese, brown bread, margarine, and non-citrus fruits) in the male, female, or full cohorts. Three diet scores, constructed on the basis of healthy diet guidelines, were inversely associated with serum urate levels and a fourth, data driven diet pattern positively associated with raised serum urate levels, but each explained ≤0.3% of variance in serum urate. In comparison, 23.9% of variance in serum urate levels was explained by common, genome wide single nucleotide variation.
Conclusion In contrast with genetic contributions, diet explains very little variation in serum urate levels in the general population
Evaluation of the #diet wide contribution to serum #urate levels: meta-analysis of population based cohorts
https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k3951
Seven foods were associated with raised serum urate levels (beer, liquor, wine, potato, poultry, soft drinks, and meat (beef, pork, or lamb)) and eight foods were associated with reduced serum urate levels (eggs, peanuts, cold cereal, skim milk, cheese, brown bread, margarine, and non-citrus fruits) in the male, female, or full cohorts. Three diet scores, constructed on the basis of healthy diet guidelines, were inversely associated with serum urate levels and a fourth, data driven diet pattern positively associated with raised serum urate levels, but each explained ≤0.3% of variance in serum urate. In comparison, 23.9% of variance in serum urate levels was explained by common, genome wide single nucleotide variation.
Conclusion In contrast with genetic contributions, diet explains very little variation in serum urate levels in the general population
The BMJ
Evaluation of the diet wide contribution to serum urate levels: meta-analysis of population based cohorts
Objective To systematically test dietary components for association with serum urate levels and to evaluate the relative contributions of estimates of diet pattern and inherited genetic variants to population variance in serum urate levels.
Design Meta-analysis…
Design Meta-analysis…
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Mediterranean #diet adherence and rate of cerebral Aβ- #amyloid accumulation: Data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-018-0293-5
The relationship between MeDi adherence, MeDi components, and change in cerebral Aβ load (baseline to 36 months) was evaluated using Generalised Linear Modelling, accounting for age, gender, education, Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele status, body mass index and total energy intake. Higher MeDi score was associated with less Aβ accumulation in our cohort (β = −0.01 ± 0.004, p = 0.0070). Of the individual MeDi score components, a high intake of fruit was associated with less accumulation of Aβ (β = −0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.00036).
Our results suggest MeDi adherence is associated with reduced cerebral AD pathology accumulation over time. When our results are considered collectively with previous data linking the MeDi to slower cognitive decline, it is apparent that MeDi adherence warrants further investigation in the quest to delay AD onset.
Mediterranean #diet adherence and rate of cerebral Aβ- #amyloid accumulation: Data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-018-0293-5
The relationship between MeDi adherence, MeDi components, and change in cerebral Aβ load (baseline to 36 months) was evaluated using Generalised Linear Modelling, accounting for age, gender, education, Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele status, body mass index and total energy intake. Higher MeDi score was associated with less Aβ accumulation in our cohort (β = −0.01 ± 0.004, p = 0.0070). Of the individual MeDi score components, a high intake of fruit was associated with less accumulation of Aβ (β = −0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.00036).
Our results suggest MeDi adherence is associated with reduced cerebral AD pathology accumulation over time. When our results are considered collectively with previous data linking the MeDi to slower cognitive decline, it is apparent that MeDi adherence warrants further investigation in the quest to delay AD onset.
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Association of Midlife #Diet With Subsequent Risk for #Dementia
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2727449
Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)
Observational studies suggest that diet is linked to cognitive health. However, the duration of follow-up in many studies is not sufficient to take into account the long preclinical phase of dementia, and the evidence from interventional studies is not conclusive.
Compared with the worst AHEI tertile in 1997-1999 (incidence rate for dementia, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.62 to 2.61] per 1000 person-years), the absolute rate difference for the intermediate AHEI tertile was 0.14 (95% CI, −0.58 to 0.86) per 1000 person-years and for the best AHEI tertile was 0.14 (95% CI, −0.58 to 0.85) per 1000 person-years. Compared with the worst AHEI tertile in 2002-2004 (incidence rate for dementia, 3.12 [95% CI, 2.49 to 3.92] per 1000 person-years), the absolute rate difference for the intermediate AHEI tertile was −0.61 (95% CI, −1.56 to 0.33) per 1000 person-years and for the best AHEI tertile was −0.73 (95% CI, −1.67 to 0.22) per 1000 person-years. In the multivariable analysis, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia per 1-SD (10-point) AHEI increment were not significant as assessed in 1991-1993 (adjusted HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.08]), in 1997-1999 (adjusted HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.12]), or in 2002-2004 (adjusted HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75 to 1.00]).
Conclusions and Relevance In this long-term prospective cohort study, diet quality assessed during midlife was not significantly associated with subsequent risk for dementia.
Association of Midlife #Diet With Subsequent Risk for #Dementia
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2727449
Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)
Observational studies suggest that diet is linked to cognitive health. However, the duration of follow-up in many studies is not sufficient to take into account the long preclinical phase of dementia, and the evidence from interventional studies is not conclusive.
Compared with the worst AHEI tertile in 1997-1999 (incidence rate for dementia, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.62 to 2.61] per 1000 person-years), the absolute rate difference for the intermediate AHEI tertile was 0.14 (95% CI, −0.58 to 0.86) per 1000 person-years and for the best AHEI tertile was 0.14 (95% CI, −0.58 to 0.85) per 1000 person-years. Compared with the worst AHEI tertile in 2002-2004 (incidence rate for dementia, 3.12 [95% CI, 2.49 to 3.92] per 1000 person-years), the absolute rate difference for the intermediate AHEI tertile was −0.61 (95% CI, −1.56 to 0.33) per 1000 person-years and for the best AHEI tertile was −0.73 (95% CI, −1.67 to 0.22) per 1000 person-years. In the multivariable analysis, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia per 1-SD (10-point) AHEI increment were not significant as assessed in 1991-1993 (adjusted HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.08]), in 1997-1999 (adjusted HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.12]), or in 2002-2004 (adjusted HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75 to 1.00]).
Conclusions and Relevance In this long-term prospective cohort study, diet quality assessed during midlife was not significantly associated with subsequent risk for dementia.
Jamanetwork
Association of Midlife Diet With Subsequent Risk for Dementia
This Whitehall II cohort study examines whether midlife diet assessed using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index, a food frequency questionnaire, is associated with subsequent risk for dementia in UK civil servants.
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Population Impact Attributable to Modifiable Risk Factors for #Hyperuricemia
#BMI, #alcohol intake, adherence to a DASH‐style #diet, and diuretic use were all associated with serum urate levels and the presence of hyperuricemia in a dose‐response manner. The corresponding PARs of hyperuricemia cases for overweight/obesity (prevalence, 60%), non‐adherence to a DASH‐style diet (prevalence, 82%), alcohol use (prevalence, 48%), and diuretic use (prevalence, 8%) were 44% (95% CI, 41 to 48%), 9% (3% to 16%), 8% (5% to 11%), and 12% (11% to 14%), respectively, whereas the corresponding variances explained were 8.9%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 5.0%. Our simulation study showed the variance nearing zero with exposure prevalence's nearing 100%.
Conclusion
In these nationally representative US adults, four modifiable risk factors (BMI, the DASH diet, alcohol use, and diuretic use) could individually account for a notable proportion of hyperuricemia cases. However, the corresponding serum urate variance explained by these risk factors was very small and paradoxically masked their high prevalences, providing real‐life empirical evidence for its limitations in assessing common risk factors.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/art.41067
Population Impact Attributable to Modifiable Risk Factors for #Hyperuricemia
#BMI, #alcohol intake, adherence to a DASH‐style #diet, and diuretic use were all associated with serum urate levels and the presence of hyperuricemia in a dose‐response manner. The corresponding PARs of hyperuricemia cases for overweight/obesity (prevalence, 60%), non‐adherence to a DASH‐style diet (prevalence, 82%), alcohol use (prevalence, 48%), and diuretic use (prevalence, 8%) were 44% (95% CI, 41 to 48%), 9% (3% to 16%), 8% (5% to 11%), and 12% (11% to 14%), respectively, whereas the corresponding variances explained were 8.9%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 5.0%. Our simulation study showed the variance nearing zero with exposure prevalence's nearing 100%.
Conclusion
In these nationally representative US adults, four modifiable risk factors (BMI, the DASH diet, alcohol use, and diuretic use) could individually account for a notable proportion of hyperuricemia cases. However, the corresponding serum urate variance explained by these risk factors was very small and paradoxically masked their high prevalences, providing real‐life empirical evidence for its limitations in assessing common risk factors.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/art.41067
Wiley Online Library
Population Impact Attributable to Modifiable Risk Factors for Hyperuricemia
Objective
To examine modifiable risk factors in relation to the presence of hyperuricemia and estimate the proportion of hyperuricemia cases that could be prevented through risk factor modification ...
To examine modifiable risk factors in relation to the presence of hyperuricemia and estimate the proportion of hyperuricemia cases that could be prevented through risk factor modification ...
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A brief #diet intervention can reduce symptoms of #depression in young adults – A randomised controlled trial
There is strong epidemiological evidence that poor diet is associated with depression. The reverse has also been shown, namely that eating a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, fish and lean meat, is associated with reduced risk of depression
No such RCTs have been performed in young adults. Young adults with elevated levels of depression symptoms and who habitually consume a poor diet were randomly allocated to a brief 3-week diet intervention (Diet Group) or a habitual diet control group (Control Group).
..The Diet group had significantly lower self-reported depression symptoms than the Control Group on the CESD-R (p = 0.007, Cohen’s d = 0.65) and DASS-21 depression subscale (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.75) controlling for baseline scores on these scales. Reduced DASS-21 depression subscale scores were maintained on follow up phone call 3 months later (p = .009). These results are the first to show that young adults with elevated depression symptoms can engage in and adhere to a diet intervention, and that this can reduce symptoms of depression.
The findings provide justification for future research into the duration of these benefits, the impacts of varying diet composition, and their biological basis.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0222768
A brief #diet intervention can reduce symptoms of #depression in young adults – A randomised controlled trial
There is strong epidemiological evidence that poor diet is associated with depression. The reverse has also been shown, namely that eating a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, fish and lean meat, is associated with reduced risk of depression
No such RCTs have been performed in young adults. Young adults with elevated levels of depression symptoms and who habitually consume a poor diet were randomly allocated to a brief 3-week diet intervention (Diet Group) or a habitual diet control group (Control Group).
..The Diet group had significantly lower self-reported depression symptoms than the Control Group on the CESD-R (p = 0.007, Cohen’s d = 0.65) and DASS-21 depression subscale (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.75) controlling for baseline scores on these scales. Reduced DASS-21 depression subscale scores were maintained on follow up phone call 3 months later (p = .009). These results are the first to show that young adults with elevated depression symptoms can engage in and adhere to a diet intervention, and that this can reduce symptoms of depression.
The findings provide justification for future research into the duration of these benefits, the impacts of varying diet composition, and their biological basis.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0222768
journals.plos.org
A brief diet intervention can reduce symptoms of depression in young adults – A randomised controlled trial
There is strong epidemiological evidence that poor diet is associated with depression. The reverse has also been shown, namely that eating a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, fish and lean meat, is associated with reduced risk of depression. To date…
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A brief #diet intervention can reduce symptoms of #depression in young adults – A randomised controlled trial
There is strong epidemiological evidence that poor diet is associated with depression. The reverse has also been shown, namely that eating a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, fish and lean meat, is associated with reduced risk of depression.
Young adults with elevated levels of depression symptoms and who habitually consume a poor diet were randomly allocated to a brief 3-week diet intervention (Diet Group) or a habitual diet control group (Control Group).
The Diet group had significantly lower self-reported depression symptoms than the Control Group on the CESD-R (p = 0.007, Cohen’s d = 0.65) and DASS-21 depression subscale (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.75) controlling for baseline scores on these scales. Reduced DASS-21 depression subscale scores were maintained on follow up phone call 3 months later (p = .009). These results are the first to show that young adults with elevated depression symptoms can engage in and adhere to a diet intervention, and that this can reduce symptoms of depression. The findings provide justification for future research into the duration of these benefits, the impacts of varying diet composition, and their biological basis.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0222768
A brief #diet intervention can reduce symptoms of #depression in young adults – A randomised controlled trial
There is strong epidemiological evidence that poor diet is associated with depression. The reverse has also been shown, namely that eating a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, fish and lean meat, is associated with reduced risk of depression.
Young adults with elevated levels of depression symptoms and who habitually consume a poor diet were randomly allocated to a brief 3-week diet intervention (Diet Group) or a habitual diet control group (Control Group).
The Diet group had significantly lower self-reported depression symptoms than the Control Group on the CESD-R (p = 0.007, Cohen’s d = 0.65) and DASS-21 depression subscale (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.75) controlling for baseline scores on these scales. Reduced DASS-21 depression subscale scores were maintained on follow up phone call 3 months later (p = .009). These results are the first to show that young adults with elevated depression symptoms can engage in and adhere to a diet intervention, and that this can reduce symptoms of depression. The findings provide justification for future research into the duration of these benefits, the impacts of varying diet composition, and their biological basis.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0222768
journals.plos.org
A brief diet intervention can reduce symptoms of depression in young adults – A randomised controlled trial
There is strong epidemiological evidence that poor diet is associated with depression. The reverse has also been shown, namely that eating a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, fish and lean meat, is associated with reduced risk of depression. To date…
#Diet modulates brain network stability, a biomarker for brain #aging, in young adults
https://2medical.news/2020/03/28/diet-modulates-brain-network-stability-a-biomarker-for-brain-aging-in-young-adults/
..One cohort was scanned under standard diet, overnight fasting, and ketogenic diet conditions. To isolate the impact of fuel type, an independent overnight fasted cohort was scanned before and after administration of a calorie-matched glucose and exogenous ketone ester (D-β-hydroxybutyrate) bolus. Across the life span, brain network destabilization correlated with decreased brain activity and cognitive acuity. Effects emerged at 47 y, with the most rapid …
https://2medical.news/2020/03/28/diet-modulates-brain-network-stability-a-biomarker-for-brain-aging-in-young-adults/
..One cohort was scanned under standard diet, overnight fasting, and ketogenic diet conditions. To isolate the impact of fuel type, an independent overnight fasted cohort was scanned before and after administration of a calorie-matched glucose and exogenous ketone ester (D-β-hydroxybutyrate) bolus. Across the life span, brain network destabilization correlated with decreased brain activity and cognitive acuity. Effects emerged at 47 y, with the most rapid …
Effects of #Diet versus Gastric #Bypass on Metabolic Function in Diabetes
https://2medical.news/2020/08/24/effects-of-diet-versus-gastric-bypass-on-metabolic-function-in-diabetes/
Some studies have suggested that in people with type 2 diabetes, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has therapeutic effects on metabolic function that are independent of weight loss.. ..Weight loss was associated with increases in mean suppression of glucose production from baseline, by 7.04 μmol per kilogram of fat-free mass per minute (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.74 to 9.33) in the diet group and by 7.02 μmol …
https://2medical.news/2020/08/24/effects-of-diet-versus-gastric-bypass-on-metabolic-function-in-diabetes/
Some studies have suggested that in people with type 2 diabetes, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has therapeutic effects on metabolic function that are independent of weight loss.. ..Weight loss was associated with increases in mean suppression of glucose production from baseline, by 7.04 μmol per kilogram of fat-free mass per minute (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.74 to 9.33) in the diet group and by 7.02 μmol …
U.S. #Diet Guidelines Sidestep Scientific Advice to Cut #Sugar and #Alcohol
https://2medical.news/2021/01/06/u-s-diet-guidelines-sidestep-scientific-advice-to-cut-sugar-and-alcohol/
..Evidence suggests that added sugars, particularly those in sweetened beverages, may contribute to obesity and weight gain, which are linked to higher rates of chronic health conditions like heart disease and Type 2 diabetes, the scientific panel noted. More than two-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese; obesity, diabetes and other related conditions also increase the risk of developing severe Covid-19 illness. The scientific …
https://2medical.news/2021/01/06/u-s-diet-guidelines-sidestep-scientific-advice-to-cut-sugar-and-alcohol/
..Evidence suggests that added sugars, particularly those in sweetened beverages, may contribute to obesity and weight gain, which are linked to higher rates of chronic health conditions like heart disease and Type 2 diabetes, the scientific panel noted. More than two-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese; obesity, diabetes and other related conditions also increase the risk of developing severe Covid-19 illness. The scientific …
#Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual #diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals
https://2medical.news/2021/01/22/microbiome-connections-with-host-metabolism-and-habitual-diet-from-1098-deeply-phenotyped-individuals/
The gut microbiome is shaped by diet and influences host metabolism; however, these links are complex and can be unique to each individual. We performed deep metagenomic sequencing of 1,203 gut microbiomes from 1,098 individuals enrolled in the Personalised Responses to Dietary Composition Trial (PREDICT 1) study, whose detailed long-term diet information, as well as hundreds of fasting and same-meal postprandial cardiometabolic blood marker measurements …
https://2medical.news/2021/01/22/microbiome-connections-with-host-metabolism-and-habitual-diet-from-1098-deeply-phenotyped-individuals/
The gut microbiome is shaped by diet and influences host metabolism; however, these links are complex and can be unique to each individual. We performed deep metagenomic sequencing of 1,203 gut microbiomes from 1,098 individuals enrolled in the Personalised Responses to Dietary Composition Trial (PREDICT 1) study, whose detailed long-term diet information, as well as hundreds of fasting and same-meal postprandial cardiometabolic blood marker measurements …
#Diet, Exercise, Lifestyle, and Mental #Distress among Young and Mature Men and Women: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
https://2medical.news/2021/03/07/diet-exercise-lifestyle-and-mental-distress-among-young-and-mature-men-and-women-a-repeated-cross-sectional-study/
Customization of mental health therapies needs to consider the differences in degree of brain maturity between young (18–29 years) and mature (30 years or older) adults as well as brain morphology among men and women. The aim of this study was to identify the significant dietary and lifestyle contributors to mental distress in these sub-populations. Independent repeated cross-sectional sampling was performed for over a 5-year …
https://2medical.news/2021/03/07/diet-exercise-lifestyle-and-mental-distress-among-young-and-mature-men-and-women-a-repeated-cross-sectional-study/
Customization of mental health therapies needs to consider the differences in degree of brain maturity between young (18–29 years) and mature (30 years or older) adults as well as brain morphology among men and women. The aim of this study was to identify the significant dietary and lifestyle contributors to mental distress in these sub-populations. Independent repeated cross-sectional sampling was performed for over a 5-year …
The gut #mycobiome of healthy mice is shaped by the environment and correlates with metabolic outcomes in response to #diet
https://2medical.news/2021/03/12/the-gut-mycobiome-of-healthy-mice-is-shaped-by-the-environment-and-correlates-with-metabolic-outcomes-in-response-to-diet/
As an active interface between the host and their diet, the gut microbiota influences host metabolic adaptation; however, the contributions of fungi have been overlooked. Here, we investigate whether variations in gut mycobiome abundance and composition correlate with key features of host metabolism. We obtained animals from four commercial sources in parallel to test if differing starting mycobiomes can shape host adaptation in response to …
https://2medical.news/2021/03/12/the-gut-mycobiome-of-healthy-mice-is-shaped-by-the-environment-and-correlates-with-metabolic-outcomes-in-response-to-diet/
As an active interface between the host and their diet, the gut microbiota influences host metabolic adaptation; however, the contributions of fungi have been overlooked. Here, we investigate whether variations in gut mycobiome abundance and composition correlate with key features of host metabolism. We obtained animals from four commercial sources in parallel to test if differing starting mycobiomes can shape host adaptation in response to …