#ancient
๐ Buddhist councils -
Total 4 councils
โ first -483 BC- rajgrah -mhakashyap (president )-ajatsatru( ruler )
โ second -383 BC- vaishali -sabakami- kalashok
โ third- 255 BC- patliputra -moglipuutt tiss- Ashok
โ fourth- 1st A.D - kundalvan (kashmir )- vasumitra/asvghosh -kanishk
๐ Buddhist councils -
Total 4 councils
โ first -483 BC- rajgrah -mhakashyap (president )-ajatsatru( ruler )
โ second -383 BC- vaishali -sabakami- kalashok
โ third- 255 BC- patliputra -moglipuutt tiss- Ashok
โ fourth- 1st A.D - kundalvan (kashmir )- vasumitra/asvghosh -kanishk
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๐ Eminent Personalities of Ancient India ๐ฎ๐ณ
โ Alexander โ Ruler of Macedonia, invaded India in 326 BC, reached river Beas.
โ Ajatashatru โ Son of Bimbisara, established Pataliputra.
โ Arien โ Greek historian, wrote about Alexanderโs invasion.
โ Ashwaghosa โ Wrote Buddha Charita, Sutralankar, and Sandaranand.
โ AmarSimha โ Sanskrit scholar, wrote Amarakosha in Chandraguptaโs court.
โ Aryabhatta โ Explained solar & lunar eclipses, declared Earth is round, wrote Aryabhattiyam.
โ Bimbisara โ Founded Magadha Empire (Haryanka Dynasty), first influential king.
โ Banabhatta โ Court poet of Harshavardhana, wrote Harsha Charita & Kadambari.
โ Charak โ Ayurvedic expert, wrote Charak-Samhita.
โ Amoghavarsha โ Famous Rashtrakuta ruler.
โ Patanjali โ Founded โYoga Shastraโ, Hindu philosophy school.
โ Dhanananda โ Powerful Magadha king; Alexander did not invade Magadha due to his reputation.
โ Darius I โ Persian ruler who invaded India in 6th century BC.
โ Gautami Putra Satakarni โ Most famous Satavahana king (2nd century).
๐ Other Key Personalities
โ Harisena โ Wrote Prayaga Prashasti (Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta).
โ Kharavela โ Ruler of Kalinga in 1st century AD, known for Hathigumpha inscription.
โ Kanishka โ Kushan king, started Shaka Era, organized 4th Buddhist Council (Kundalvana, Kashmir).
โ Karikala โ Chola ruler, founded Puhar (Kaveri Pattinam).
โ Kautilya (Chanakya) โ Wrote Arthashastra, compared to Machiavelli.
โ Kalidasa โ Sanskrit poet; wrote Raghuvamsa, Abhijnana Shakuntalam, Meghadutam.
โ Kamban โ Tamil poet (11th century), wrote Ramayanam in Tamil.
โ Mihir Bhoja โ Famous Pratihara ruler (9th century).
โ Kalhana โ Kashmiri poet & historian, wrote Rajatarangini.
โ Marco Polo โ Venetian traveller, visited India (13th century).
โ Menander โ Indo-Greek king, embraced Buddhism, known as Milinda Panho.
โ Nagarjuna โ Buddhist monk, propounded Madhyamaka philosophy.
โ Makkali Gosala โ Founder of Ajivika Sect (6th century BC).
โ Mihirkula โ Huna conqueror, defeated by Yashodharma.
โ Skandagupta โ Last mighty Gupta ruler.
๐ Scholars & Scientists of Ancient India
โ Sushrut โ Doctor, wrote Sushruta-Samhita.
โ Pulikeshi II โ Powerful Chalukya king, defeated Harshavardhana.
โ Pushya Mitra Sunga โ Killed last Mauryan ruler, founded Sunga Dynasty (185 BC).
โ Pliny โ Roman historian, wrote Natural History, documented Mauryas of India.
โ Panini โ Sanskrit grammarian, wrote Ashtadhyayi.
โ Varahamihira โ Astronomer, wrote Brihat Samhita.
โ Sankaracharya โ Propagated Advaita philosophy, born in Kaladi, Kerala.
#history
#history #prelims_facts #prelims #ancient
โ Alexander โ Ruler of Macedonia, invaded India in 326 BC, reached river Beas.
โ Ajatashatru โ Son of Bimbisara, established Pataliputra.
โ Arien โ Greek historian, wrote about Alexanderโs invasion.
โ Ashwaghosa โ Wrote Buddha Charita, Sutralankar, and Sandaranand.
โ AmarSimha โ Sanskrit scholar, wrote Amarakosha in Chandraguptaโs court.
โ Aryabhatta โ Explained solar & lunar eclipses, declared Earth is round, wrote Aryabhattiyam.
โ Bimbisara โ Founded Magadha Empire (Haryanka Dynasty), first influential king.
โ Banabhatta โ Court poet of Harshavardhana, wrote Harsha Charita & Kadambari.
โ Charak โ Ayurvedic expert, wrote Charak-Samhita.
โ Amoghavarsha โ Famous Rashtrakuta ruler.
โ Patanjali โ Founded โYoga Shastraโ, Hindu philosophy school.
โ Dhanananda โ Powerful Magadha king; Alexander did not invade Magadha due to his reputation.
โ Darius I โ Persian ruler who invaded India in 6th century BC.
โ Gautami Putra Satakarni โ Most famous Satavahana king (2nd century).
๐ Other Key Personalities
โ Harisena โ Wrote Prayaga Prashasti (Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta).
โ Kharavela โ Ruler of Kalinga in 1st century AD, known for Hathigumpha inscription.
โ Kanishka โ Kushan king, started Shaka Era, organized 4th Buddhist Council (Kundalvana, Kashmir).
โ Karikala โ Chola ruler, founded Puhar (Kaveri Pattinam).
โ Kautilya (Chanakya) โ Wrote Arthashastra, compared to Machiavelli.
โ Kalidasa โ Sanskrit poet; wrote Raghuvamsa, Abhijnana Shakuntalam, Meghadutam.
โ Kamban โ Tamil poet (11th century), wrote Ramayanam in Tamil.
โ Mihir Bhoja โ Famous Pratihara ruler (9th century).
โ Kalhana โ Kashmiri poet & historian, wrote Rajatarangini.
โ Marco Polo โ Venetian traveller, visited India (13th century).
โ Menander โ Indo-Greek king, embraced Buddhism, known as Milinda Panho.
โ Nagarjuna โ Buddhist monk, propounded Madhyamaka philosophy.
โ Makkali Gosala โ Founder of Ajivika Sect (6th century BC).
โ Mihirkula โ Huna conqueror, defeated by Yashodharma.
โ Skandagupta โ Last mighty Gupta ruler.
๐ Scholars & Scientists of Ancient India
โ Sushrut โ Doctor, wrote Sushruta-Samhita.
โ Pulikeshi II โ Powerful Chalukya king, defeated Harshavardhana.
โ Pushya Mitra Sunga โ Killed last Mauryan ruler, founded Sunga Dynasty (185 BC).
โ Pliny โ Roman historian, wrote Natural History, documented Mauryas of India.
โ Panini โ Sanskrit grammarian, wrote Ashtadhyayi.
โ Varahamihira โ Astronomer, wrote Brihat Samhita.
โ Sankaracharya โ Propagated Advaita philosophy, born in Kaladi, Kerala.
#history
#history #prelims_facts #prelims #ancient
๐ Vedic and Associated Literature
๐ Shruti: "That which is heard"; the authoritative religious texts of Hinduism, including the four Vedas and their embedded texts: Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads.
๐ Smriti: "Remembered texts"; includes Vedangas, Puranas, epics, Dharmashastras, and Nitishastra.
๐ Vedas: The four ancient Sanskrit texts:
โ Rig Veda
โ Yajur Veda
โ Sama Veda
โ Atharva Veda
๐ Samhita: A collection of hymns associated with the Vedas.
๐ Brahmanas: Ritualistic texts explaining Vedic sacrifices.
๐ Aranyakas: "Forest books" forming part of the Vedic corpus.
๐ Vedangas: "Limbs of the Veda"; auxiliary texts.
๐ Gayatri Mantra: Verses from the Rig Veda invoking wisdom and enlightenment.
๐ Puranas: Hindu texts containing the history of various dynasties.
๐ Itihasa-Purana: Texts claiming to refer to past events.
๐ Dharmasutras: The earliest Dharmashastras, written in aphoristic style.
๐ Dharma-Shastra: Texts codifying social and ritual duties within the Varna system.
#history #prelims_facts #prelims #ancient_India #UPSC #PSC
๐ Shruti: "That which is heard"; the authoritative religious texts of Hinduism, including the four Vedas and their embedded texts: Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads.
๐ Smriti: "Remembered texts"; includes Vedangas, Puranas, epics, Dharmashastras, and Nitishastra.
๐ Vedas: The four ancient Sanskrit texts:
โ Rig Veda
โ Yajur Veda
โ Sama Veda
โ Atharva Veda
๐ Samhita: A collection of hymns associated with the Vedas.
๐ Brahmanas: Ritualistic texts explaining Vedic sacrifices.
๐ Aranyakas: "Forest books" forming part of the Vedic corpus.
๐ Vedangas: "Limbs of the Veda"; auxiliary texts.
๐ Gayatri Mantra: Verses from the Rig Veda invoking wisdom and enlightenment.
๐ Puranas: Hindu texts containing the history of various dynasties.
๐ Itihasa-Purana: Texts claiming to refer to past events.
๐ Dharmasutras: The earliest Dharmashastras, written in aphoristic style.
๐ Dharma-Shastra: Texts codifying social and ritual duties within the Varna system.
#history #prelims_facts #prelims #ancient_India #UPSC #PSC
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