The Game of Toppers
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Government Schemes UPSC:
नीली क्रांति: प्रधानमंत्री मत्स्य संपदा योजना

Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)
The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN), launched on February 2, 2019, has become a transformative force for India's agricultural sector.
Under this scheme, every eligible farming family receives an annual benefit of ₹6,000, distributed in three equal installments of ₹2,000 every four months.
This amount is directly transferred to the beneficiaries' bank accounts through the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) mechanism, making it one of the largest and most transparent DBT schemes globally.

#prelims
#mains
#agriculture
#essay
🔆Nano Urea:

It is a nanotechnology-based revolutionary agri-input that provides nitrogen to plants.
It is developed and patented by the Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO).
IFFCO Nano Urea is the only nano fertilizer approved by the Government of India and included in the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO).

📍Features:
Compared to conventional urea prill, Nano Urea has a desirable particle size of about 20-50 nm, and more surface area (10,000 times over 1 mm urea prill), and number of particles (55,000 nitrogen particles over 1 mm urea prill).
It contains 4.0 % total nitrogen (w/v).

📍Benefits:
It is produced by an energy-efficient, environment-friendly production process with less carbon footprints.
It is more efficient in terms of nutrient uptake and releases nitrogen more slowly.
It reduces the amount of nitrogen lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases.
It is expected to improve crop productivity, soil health, and nutritional quality of produce and address the "imbalanced and excessive use" of conventional fertilizer.

#gs3
#economy
#agriculture
#science_technology
#mains
National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF):

Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare.
Central Sponsored Scheme: Total outlay of ₹2481 crore (GoI share ₹1584 crore; State share ₹897 crore) till FY 2025-26.
Aim: To promote natural, chemical-free farming practices for sustainability, climate resilience, soil health rejuvenation, and nutritious food production

The Programme will focus on 15,000 villages and help the farmers who are already using natural farming methods or part of farmer producer organisations
2,000 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and Agricultural Universities will be set up with a hiring of around 30,000 people working at these institutes, where farmers will be taught natural farming techniques and use of technologies to make natural fertilizers,

#Government_schemes
#agriculture
🌾 India’s Food Subsidy and Crop Production: Key Highlights

📊 Food Subsidy Trends (2017–2024)
2017-18: ₹1,00,000 crore
2018-19: ₹1,20,000 crore
2019-20: ₹1,50,000 crore
2020-21:₹6,00,000 crore(Peak)
2021-22: ₹2,50,000 crore
2022-23: ₹3,00,000 crore
2023-24: ₹2,50,000 crore


🌾 State-Wise Leading Crop Producers
Food Grains: Uttar Pradesh > Madhya Pradesh > Punjab
Millets: Rajasthan > Karnataka > Madhya Pradesh
Pulses: Madhya Pradesh > Maharashtra > Rajasthan
Oilseeds: Rajasthan > Madhya Pradesh > Gujarat

🌱 Major Crops Overview

🌾 Rice
Global Producers: China > India
Leading States: Telangana > Uttar Pradesh > West Bengal
Temperature: 21–37°C
Rainfall: 100 cm+

🌾 Wheat
Global Producers: China > India
Leading States: Uttar Pradesh > Madhya Pradesh > Punjab
Temperature: 10–25°C
Rainfall: 50–75 cm

🌽 Maize
Global Producers: USA
Leading States: Karnataka > Bihar > Madhya Pradesh
Temperature: 21–27°C
Rainfall: 50–100 cm

🌾 Sugarcane
Global Producers: Brazil > India
Leading States: Uttar Pradesh > Maharashtra > Karnataka
Temperature: 21–27°C
Rainfall: 75–100 cm

🌿 Tea
Global Producers: China > India > Kenya
Leading States: Assam > West Bengal > Tamil Nadu
Temperature: 20–30°C
Rainfall: 150–300 cm

☕️ Coffee
Global Producers: Brazil
Leading States: Karnataka > Kerala > Tamil Nadu
Temperature: 15–28°C

🌾 Cotton
Global Producers: China > India > USA
Leading States: Gujarat > Maharashtra > Telangana
Temperature: 21–27°C
Rainfall: 50–100 cm

🌱 Other Important Crops

🌿 Groundnut
Global Producers: China > India
Leading States: Gujarat > Rajasthan > Madhya Pradesh

🌻 Sunflower
Global Producers: Ukraine
Leading States: Karnataka > Haryana > Odisha

🌾 Rapeseed and Mustard: NEPAL
Leading States: Rajasthan > Uttar Pradesh > Madhya Pradesh

🌾 Jute and Mesta
Global Producers: India > Bangladesh
Leading States: West Bengal > Bihar > Assam

🌱 Rubber
Global Producers: Thailand > Indonesia > India
Leading States: Kerala > Tripura > Karnataka
Temperature: 25°C+
Rainfall: 200 cm+

#AGRICULTURE