The Game of Toppers
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Gratitude

The intention and the action of gratitude is the inner symphony of the heart. It opens to sing with thanks for the smallest of things.

Gratitude is the kind of loving thanks which touches another's heart in a place where they will allow you to reside for a long time.

"I'm thankful for all of it.

I'm thankful for all the Love.
I'm thankful for all the Hate.
All the highs and the lows.
All the blessings and the lessons.
The positives. The negatives.
The setbacks. The comebacks.

Everything. โœจโค๏ธ
I'm thankful for everything"

(Say, I'm thankful for all of it)

https://t.me/thegameoftoppers
โค2
๐Ÿ”†GPS Spoofing:

โœ…GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals. 
โœ…Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
โœ…This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.

๐Ÿ“How Does GPS Spoofing Work?

โœ…It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure โ€“ the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
โœ…The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
โœ…These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
โœ…However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
โœ…Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victimโ€™s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
โœ…With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
โœ…These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
โœ…As a result, the victimโ€™s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.

#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology #science@thegameoftoppers
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Good Morning ๐ŸŒž๐ŸŒ„
NEWS: The University Grants Commission (UGC) has issued new draft regulations that significantly overhaul the appointment process for Vice-Chancellors and contract teachers in higher education institutions.



Fact-sheet: University Grants commission (UGC)
1) Established: 1956 by an Act of Parliament

2) Type: Statutory body of the Government of India

3) Purpose: Coordination, determination and maintenance of standards in higher education

4) Key Functions:
a) Providing recognition to universities in India
b) Disbursing funds to recognized universities and colleges
c) Advising the government on higher education policy
d) Promoting and coordinating university education
e) Maintaining standards of teaching, examination and research
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๐Ÿ”†The article discusses a former U.S. president's criticism of the Panama Canal Treaty and Panama's response.
Key Points:

Panama canal map click here

โœ…Criticism of Treaty: A former U.S. president deemed the 1999 treaty transferring the Panama Canal to Panama as โ€œfoolish,โ€ citing high transit fees for U.S. vessels as the primary reason.
โœ…Increased Transit Fees: Drought in Panama has led to reduced ship capacity through the canal, resulting in increased fees for U.S. vessels.
โœ…Treaty Details: The Torrijos-Carter Treaties of 1977 transferred the canal to Panama on December 31, 1999, while also guaranteeing U.S. right of transit in case of military emergencies.
#mains@thegameoftoppers
#mains
Zero light , zero cop system to decongest roads
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Good morning ๐ŸŒ…๐ŸŒ„
Cattle burping remedies

Supplements to reduce methane emissions from cow burps, a major GHG contributor.

Adoption challenges exist, but potential incentives include policy support & commercial advantages (e.g., increased milk/meat production).

e.g. Bloat-Go, Red seaweed
Good Morning ๐ŸŒ…๐ŸŒ„
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Critical Minerals

โœ…A mineral is labelled as critical when the risk of supply shortage and associated impact on the economy is relatively higher than the other raw materials.
โœ…The risk of supply shortage would ideally capture import dependence, recycling potential, and substitutability of these minerals.

โœ…The Centre for Socio and Economic Progress (CSEP) in its paper โ€œAssessing the Criticality of Minerals in Indiaโ€ (2023) evaluated the criticality of minerals in India based on two dimensions:
๐Ÿ”ธeconomic importance for the Indian economy and
๐Ÿ”ธsupply risks.

#geography #UPSC #PSC
๐Ÿ”ณ PM Modi laid the foundation stone of India's first Green Hydrogen Hub under the National Green Hydrogen Mission near Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, which is being developed by NTPC Green Energy.

โ—ผ๏ธThe first Green Hydrogen Hub at Pudimadaka near Visakhapatnam is being set up by NTPC Green Energy Limited.

โ—ผ๏ธThe Hub will produce 1500 tonnes per day of Green Hydrogen and 7500 tonnes per day of Green Hydrogen derivatives like Green Methanol, Green Urea

โ—ผ๏ธThe hub will also include establishing 20 gigawatts of renewable energy capacities.

โ—ผ๏ธThe Green Hydrogen Hub will help in achieving the National National Green Hydrogen Mission target of 5 MMT (Million Metric Tonne) per annum of Green Hydrogen and the addition of 125 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #environment #economics
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๐Ÿ“Œ J.V.P COMMITTEE.

#Unionanditsterritories

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธ Dhar commission report created much resentment and led to the appointment of another Linguistic Provinces Committee by the Congress in December, 1948, itself to examine the whole question afresh.

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธ It consisted of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallahbhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya and hence, was popularly known as JVP Committee.

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธ It submitted its report in April, 1949, and formally rejected language as the basis for reorganisation of states.

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธ However, in October, 1953, the Government of India was forced to create the first linguistic state, known as Andhra state, by separating the Telugu speaking areas from the Madras state.

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธ This followed a prolonged popular agitation and the death of Potti Sriramulu, a Congress person of standing, after a 56-day hunger strike for the cause.
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Top 10 plastic polluters #environment #prelims
๐ŸŽฏ POLITY RAPID REVISION !

Buckle up, UPSC warriors! Today's rapid revision will transform your Polity game. From Constitutional framework to Supreme Court judgments - we're covering it all in our high-energy sprint session.

Get ready to crack those tricky prelims questions! ๐Ÿ’ช

See you in class at 8:30 PM.

Quick tip: Bring your previous years' papers!
Dear Students,
First Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8:30 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:- Constitutional Framework

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl