Work hard like Majdoor for next 2 years then Enjoy whole life later.
Or
Enjoy these 2 years , then work hard like Majdoor for whole life later.
Choose one !
https://t.me/thegameoftoppers

International Labour Organisation #pre #prelims

🔆 Government Securities (G-Sec) :

✅ A Tradable instrument issued by the Central Government or the State Governments.
✅ A G-Sec is a type of debt instrument issued by the government to borrow money from the public to finance its Fiscal Deficit.
✅ Kinds :
◽️Short : Term (usually called treasury bills, with original maturities of less than one year
◽️Long : Term (usually called Government bonds or dated securities with original maturity of one year or more)
✅ Issuer :
🔸️ Central Government - issues both, treasury bills & bonds or dated securities
🔸️ State Government - Only bonds or dated securities [State Development Loans (SDLs)]
✅ G-Secs carry practically no risk of default and, hence, are called risk-free gilt-edged instruments.
✅ Issue Mechanism : The RBI conducts Open Market Operations (OMOs) for sale or purchase of G-secs to adjust money supply conditions.

#Economy
#prelims_facts

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🔆  The Central Information Commission (CIC) :
 
✅ Constituted - Under the Right to Information Act, 2005
✅ Members - Chief Information Commissioner, not more than ten Information Commissioners.
✅ Appointment - By President
✅ Status - Statutory Body (Non-Constitutional body)
✅ Headquarters -  New Delhi.
✅ Appointment -  On The Recommendation of a Committee Consisting of :
🔸The Prime Minister as the Chairperson,
🔸The Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and
🔸A Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister.
✅ Not Eligible for Reappointment .
✅ Powers - To Investigate RTI complaints, pass orders for the supply of information, and impose penalties for defaults.
✅ Functions - The Commission is required to receive and inquire into a complaint from any person [Under RTI ACT] :

#polity #prelims_facts

UPSC PIB NEWS:
Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan

9 Years of Driving Inclusivity and Accessibility

🔸 The Accessible India Campaign has achieved significant milestones in creating an inclusive environment for persons with disabilities over the past nine years, with improvements spanning built infrastructure, transportation, digital platforms, education, and media accessibility

🔆Red-breasted Flycatcher:

✅Scientific name: Ficedula parva
It is a small (11-12 cm) passerine bird of the Old World Flycatcher family.
It can be found occasionally feeding on figs (banyan, peepal) in our urban gardens.
✅Appearance: Males have a reddish-orange throat that extends till the upper breast, whereas the females are overall brown.
✅They can be distinguished from other orders by the arrangement of their toes — three pointing forward and one backward, a design that helps them to cling onto branches efficiently.
✅It generally migrates from Eastern Europe to escape the harsh winter there and enjoy the moderate temperatures with abundance of food in South Asia.
migrates to forests, woodlands, orchards, parks, and roadside trees of the Indian Subcontinent.
✅It can be found in peninsular India during the winter season from October to March.
✅Conservation status
IUCN: Least Concern

#species
#prelims

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#ancient
📍 Buddhist councils -
Total 4 councils
✅first -483 BC- rajgrah -mhakashyap (president )-ajatsatru( ruler )
✅ second -383 BC- vaishali -sabakami- kalashok
✅third- 255 BC- patliputra -moglipuutt tiss- Ashok
✅fourth- 1st A.D - kundalvan (kashmir )- vasumitra/asvghosh -kanishk

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🔆Operation Dronagiri:

✅Launched by: Department of Science and Technology (DST).

✅Objective: Demonstrate the applications of geospatial technologies to improve citizens’ quality of life and ease of doing business.
✅First Phase States: Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra.
✅Focus Sectors: Agriculture, livelihoods, logistics, and transport.
✅Implementation Model: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) with involvement of startups, private companies, and government agencies.
📍Key Features:
✅Pilot projects in designated sectors to showcase practical use cases.
✅Support from Integrated Geospatial Data Sharing Interface (GDI) for seamless data sharing and decision-making.

📍National Geospatial Policy 2022 : The Policy emphasizes on Atmanirbhar Bharat by empowering local companies to
✅ generate and utilize their own Geospatial data;
✅ focuses on easy accessibility of Geospatial data through National Geospatial Data Registry and Unified Geospatial Interface;
✅

This article important from GS3 and GS 1 perspective

🔆 "In our fight against climate change, could the seas turn the tide?"

Context: The article discusses the potential of ocean-based solutions to mitigate climate change.
Key Points:
✅Ocean's Role in Climate Change: The ocean has absorbed significant amounts of CO2 and heat from the atmosphere.
🔸This has led to ocean acidification, warming, and disruption of marine ecosystems.
✅Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR):
.
Natural Solutions:
✅Coastal ecosystems: Mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass meadows can sequester carbon.
✅Ocean fertilization: Adding nutrients to stimulate phytoplankton growth, which can absorb CO2.
Engineered Solutions:
✅Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE): Adding alkaline substances to seawater to increase its capacity to absorb CO2.

#National_Park

Balpakram National Park

▪️ Balpakram National Park is a national park in the south of Garo Hills in Meghalaya, India, located close to the international border with Bangladesh.

▪️ It was inaugurated in December 1987 and provides habitat for barking deer, Asian golden cat, Bengal tiger, marbled cat, wild water buffalo, red panda and Indian elephant.

▪️ Balpakram means 'land of the eternal wind' according to the myth of the Garo people.

▪️ Altitude (200-800m), south of Garo Hills

▪️ Also called "Abode of perpetual wind" and "Land of spirit"

▪️ Hotspot of Biodiversity

▪️ Famous for the pitcher plant

▪️ A variety of very rare medicinal herbs locally called"dikes".

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International Court of Justice ♎

Terminologies used in Questions .
Please take a glance of this mindmap