🔴High Alert for UPSC Mains 2025

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❓Expected UPSC Mains Question (GS3 – Internal Security):

"Emerging digital platforms and financial innovations have transformed money laundering methods in India. Examine the new-age laundering techniques and suggest countermeasures." (15 marks)

🔍 Why this is HIGHLY probable (2025 relevance):


🔴 FATF Mutual Evaluation Report (2024) flagged India's pending money laundering trials and digital vulnerabilities.

🎮 Real money gaming, cryptocurrency exchanges, and crowdfunding platforms are now being used for laundering – multiple reports by The Hindu, DIF, and Enforcement Directorate.

📉 India's low conviction-to-investigation ratio in PMLA cases was questioned globally.

💸 Increase in laundering through charity fronts, online casinos, betting apps, and e-commerce refund frauds (Economic Times, 2025).


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🔴 High Alert for UPSC Mains 2025
#GS3 #InternalSecurity #mains2025

❓ Expected UPSC Mains Question (GS3 – Internal Security):

"Synthetic drugs pose a unique internal security threat by bypassing traditional border control mechanisms and exploiting urban anonymity. Critically examine the challenges they present and evaluate India’s institutional response." (15 marks)

🔍 Why this is HIGHLY probable (2025 relevance):

🔴 Surge in urban synthetic drug labs operating from flats using precursor chemicals—no cross-border trafficking needed (The Hindu BusinessLine, April 2025)

🧪 Rise of fentanyl, methamphetamine abuse in India; difficult to detect, extremely addictive, and lethal even in microdoses

📦 Synthetic drugs transported via legal pharma consignments, masked as industrial chemicals, and traded anonymously on the dark web

🛡️ Haryana Model: India’s first Anti-Synthetic Narcotics Task Force (Ambala), upgraded Forensic Science Lab to detect and prosecute cases with scientific rigour

🌐 Global alarm: UNODC 2024 report – 70% of global drug deaths now from synthetic opioids

📉 Weaknesses in India: outdated NDPS Act, absence of dark web regulation, slow forensic capacity, and poor cyber-narcotics infrastructure


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🔴 High Alert for UPSC Mains 2025
#GS2 #InternationalRelations #mains2025

❓ Expected Mains Question (GS2 – IR):
“Discuss the key drivers of conflict in West Asia and analyze their implications for India’s strategic, economic, and energy security interests.” (15 marks)

🔍 Why this is HIGHLY probable (2025 relevance):

🛢️ Energy Shock: Israeli strikes on Iran → 9% oil price surge; India imports 80% of oil, risking energy security & inflation.

🌊 Hormuz Risk: 20% of global oil via Strait of Hormuz; any closure = major supply disruption.

🪖 Proxy Warfare: Iran vs. Israel fuels conflict across Gaza, Syria, Yemen; risks to Indian diaspora & remittances (3% of GDP).

📉 Trade Impact: India’s exports to Israel down 63.5% in H1 2024; Iran trade also hit. Freight costs up 20% due to Red Sea risks.

🕊️ Geopolitical Shift: China’s 2023 Saudi-Iran deal shows growing influence; India’s multi-alignment strategy tested.

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🔴 High Alert for UPSC Mains 2025

#GS3 #InternalSecurity #DefenceTech

❓ Expected Mains Q (GS3 – Internal Security):
“Drone warfare is rapidly evolving from a tactical tool to a strategic weapon. Discuss with global examples and evaluate India’s preparedness.” (15 marks)

🔍 Why this is HIGHLY probable (2025 relevance):

🛰️ Drone = Strategic Weapon
– Operation Spider Web (Ukraine): Cheap, AI-guided drones hit deep Russian airbases.
– Nagorno-Karabakh: Kamikaze drones dismantled air defences.
– Myanmar: Rebels using 3D-printed UAVs—low-cost warfare revolution.

🇮🇳 India’s Combat Entry – Operation Sindoor
– First real-time drone + standoff weapon use at LoC—military doctrine shift.

⚠️ Rising Threats
– China: Swarm drones (CH-901, Wing Loong), edge at LAC.
– Pakistan: Bayraktar TB2, Wing Loong via Türkiye & China.
– Non-State Actors: Weaponized commercial drones → terror risk.

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