Capsule Endoscopy #Crohn's Disease #Activity Index (CECDAIic or Niv Score) for the Small Bowel and Colon.

https://lnkd.in/gweJYry

Conclusions: We established a new score, the CECDAIic of the small-bowel and colonic CD. We offer this easy, user-friendly score for use in randomized controlled trials and in the clinical follow-up of CD patients.

Physical #Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Symptoms of Major #Depression in Middle Childhood

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/01/05/peds.2016-1711

moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) predicts fewer symptoms of major depression in middle childhood, and increasing MVPA may serve as a complementary method to prevent and treat childhood depression

Parent’s Physical #Activity Associated With #Preschooler Activity in Underserved Populations

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379716306183

Increasing parental PA and reducing sedentary behavior correlate with increased PA-related behaviors in children. However, more work is needed to understand the impact of high levels of parental MVPA on the MVPA levels of their children.

#Pain Sensitization is Associated with Disease #Activity in #Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.23266/abstract

Pain sensitization may contribute to pain severity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), impacting assessment of disease activity. We examined whether pain processing mechanisms were associated with disease activity among RA patients with active disease.

Conclusion. High pain sensitization is associated with elevations in disease activity measures. Longitudinal studies are underway to elucidate the cause-effect relationships between pain sensitization and inflammatory disease activity in RA.

Physical #activity, #cognitive decline, and risk of #dementia: 28 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study http://www.bmj.com/content/357/bmj.j2709 Cox regression showed no association between physical activity and risk of dementia over an average 27 year follow-up (hazard ratio in the “recommended” physical activity category 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 1.24). For trajectories of hours/week of total, mild, and moderate to vigorous physical activity in people with dementia compared with those without dementia (all others), no differences were observed between 28 and 10 years before diagnosis of dementia. However, physical activity in people with dementia began to decline up to nine years before diagnosis (difference in moderate to vigorous physical activity −0.39 hours/week; P=0.05), and the difference became more pronounced (−1.03 hours/week; P=0.005) at diagnosis.

Conclusion This study found no evidence of a neuroprotective effect of physical activity. Previous findings showing a lower risk of dementia in physically active people may be attributable to reverse causation—that is, due to a decline in physical activity levels in the preclinical phase of dementia.

The effect of physical #activity on #mortality and cardiovascular disease in 130 000 people from 17 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: the PURE study
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31634-3/fulltext?elsca1=tlpr

Physical activity has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease (CVD) in high-income countries, where physical activity is mainly recreational, but it is not known if this is also observed in lower-income countries, where physical activity is mainly non-recreational. We examined whether different amounts and types of physical activity are associated with lower mortality and CVD in countries at different economic levels

Analyses were limited to the 130 843 participants without pre-existing CVD. Compared with low physical activity (<600 metabolic equivalents MET × minutes per week or <150 minutes per week of moderate intensity physical activity), moderate (600–3000 MET × minutes or 150–750 minutes per week) and high physical activity (>3000 MET × minutes or >750 minutes per week) were associated with graded reduction in mortality (hazard ratio 0·80, 95% CI 0·74–0·87 and 0·65, 0·60–0·71; p<0·0001 for trend), and major CVD (0·86, 0·78–0·93; p<0·001 for trend). Higher physical activity was associated with lower risk of CVD and mortality in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries. The adjusted population attributable fraction for not meeting the physical activity guidelines was 8·0% for mortality and 4·6% for major CVD, and for not meeting high physical activity was 13·0% for mortality and 9·5% for major CVD. Both recreational and non-recreational physical activity were associated with benefits.

Interpretation
Higher recreational and non-recreational physical activity was associated with a lower risk of mortality and CVD events in individuals from low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Increasing physical activity is a simple, widely applicable, low cost global strategy that could reduce deaths and CVD in middle age

Association of Physical #Activity With Risk of Major #Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Men and Women
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2661159

Total physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of major vascular events, with the adjusted hazard ratio that compared the top vs bottom quintiles of physical activity being 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74-0.80). Throughout the range of total physical activity studied, the association with CVD with each 4 MET-h/d higher usual total physical activity (approximately 1 hour of brisk walking per day) associated with a 6% (95% CI, 5%-7%) lower risk of major vascular events, and a 9%, 5%, 6%, and 12% lower risk of major coronary events, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and CVD death, respectively. The strength of the associations was similar and independent of each other for occupational and nonoccupational physical activity. However, for occupational physical activity, the associations with CVD subtypes were greatly attenuated above 20 MET-h/d, especially for intracerebral hemorrhage. The associations of total physical activity with major vascular events were similar among men and women and across different levels of sedentary leisure time but were much weaker among individuals with high blood pressure.

Conclusions and Relevance Among Chinese adults, higher occupational or nonoccupational physical activity was associated with significantly lower risks of major CVD

Potential effect modifiers of the association between physical #activity patterns and #joint symptoms in middle aged women
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.23430/abstract

To examine whether body mass index (BMI), menopausal status and hormone therapy (HT) use modify the association between physical activity (PA) patterns throughout middle age and incidence and prevalence of joint symptoms in later middle age in women

The groups representing ‘fluctuating’ (odds ratio [OR]=1.34, 99% confidence interval [CI]=1.04-1.72) and ‘none-or-low’ physical activity (OR=1.60, CI =1.08-2.35) had higher odds of incident joint symptoms than those ‘meeting guidelines-at-all-times’. Stratification by BMI showed that this association was statistically significant in the obese group only. No evidence was found for effect modification by menopausal status or HT use. The findings were similar for prevalent joint symptoms.

Conclusions
Maintaining at least low levels of physical activity throughout middle age was associated with lower prevalence and incidence of joint symptoms in later life. This apparent protective effect of physical activity on joint symptoms was stronger in obese women than in under or normal weight women, and not related to menopause and HT status

!!
The #Physical #Activity Guidelines for Americans

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2712935

Approximately 80% of US adults and adolescents are insufficiently active. Physical activity fosters normal growth and development and can make people feel, function, and sleep better and reduce risk of many chronic diseases.

Children and adolescents aged 6 through 17 years should do 60 minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily. Adults should do at least 150 minutes to 300 minutes a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes to 150 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity.

They should also do muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week. Older adults should do multicomponent physical activity that includes balance training as well as aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. Pregnant and postpartum women should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity a week. Adults with chronic conditions or disabilities, who are able, should follow the key guidelines for adults and do both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities.

Recommendations emphasize that moving more and sitting less will benefit nearly everyone. Individuals performing the least physical activity benefit most by even modest increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Additional benefits occur with more physical activity. Both aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity are beneficial.

!!
Physical #activity, common #brain pathologies, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults

http://n.neurology.org/content/early/2019/01/16/WNL.0000000000006954

Higher levels of total daily activity (estimate 0.148, 95% confidence interval 0.053–0.0.244, SE 0.049, p = 0.003) and better motor abilities (estimate 0.283, 95% confidence interval, 0.175–0.390, SE 0.055, p < 0.001) were independently associated with better cognition. These independent associations remained significant when terms for AD and other pathologies were added as well as in sensitivity analyses excluding cases with poor cognition or dementia. Adding interaction terms, the associations of total daily activity and motor abilities with cognition did not vary in individuals with and without dementia. The associations of AD and other pathologies with cognition did not vary with the levels of total daily activity or motor abilities.

Conclusions Physical activity in older adults may provide cognitive reserve to maintain function independent of the accumulation of diverse brain pathologies. Further studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this potential reserve and to ensure the causal effects of physical activity.

!!
Beneficial associations of low and large doses of leisure time physical #activity with all-cause, #cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: a national cohort study of 88,140 US adults

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/02/26/bjsports-2018-099254

Compared with inactive individuals, those performing 10–59 min/week of PA had 18% lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.95). Those who reported 1–2 times (150–299 min/week) the recommended level of leisure time PA had 31% (HR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.63–0.75) reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Importantly, the continued benefits were observed among those performing leisure time PA 10 or more times (≥1500 min/week) the recommended minimum level (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45–0.64). For 10–59, 150–299 and ≥1500 min/week of PA, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for CVD-specific mortality were 0.88 (0.67–1.17), 0.63 (0.52–0.78) and 0.67 (0.45–0.99), respectively: for cancer-specific mortality were 0.86 (0.66–1.11), 0.76 (0.64–0.89) and 0.53 (0.39–0.73), respectively. In addition, there was a larger reduction in all-cause and cause-specific mortality for vigorous vs. moderate intensity PA.

Conclusions We found that beneficial association between leisure time PA and mortality starts from a low dose. Doing more vigorous exercise could lead to additional health benefits

!!
Relationship of physical #activity and sleep with #depression in college students

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07448481.2019.1583653?journalCode=vach20

Results indicated that vigorous physical activity and sleep variables significantly predicted depression levels for the overall sample (F = 77.286, p = .000). When examined by gender, vigorous and moderate physical activity variables

significantly predicted depression for males (t = −2.772, p = .006; t = −2.622, p = .009), whereas no level of physical activity had a significant relationship with depression for females.

Conclusions: Rigorous physical activity and quality sleep may be beneficial to helping college students reduce and regulate depressive symptoms, however may vary by gender.

!!
Physical #activity offsets genetic risk for incident #depression assessed via electronic health records in a biobank cohort study

Polygenic risk was associated with increased odds of incident depression, and physical activity showed a protective effect of similar but opposite magnitude, even after adjusting for BMI, employment status, educational attainment, and prior depression. Higher levels of physical activity were associated with reduced odds of incident depression across all levels of genetic vulnerability, even among individuals at highest polygenic risk.

Conclusions
Real‐world data from a large healthcare system suggest that individuals with high genetic vulnerability are more likely to avoid incident episodes of depression if they are physically active.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/da.22967

!!
#C-reactive protein mediates the association between leisure-time physical #activity and #lung function in middle-aged and older adults

Although previous studies have reported the benefits of physical activity (PA) to lung function in middle-aged and older adults, the biological mechanisms are still unclear..

..Multiple linear regression models suggested that higher PA was associated with lower levels of CRP (β = − 0.048, P = 0.002 for moderate PA; β = − 0.108, P < 0.001 for high PA). CRP negatively correlated with FEV1 (β = − 0.180, P < 0.001) and FVC (β = − 0.181, P < 0.001). Higher levels of PA were associated with better FEV1 (β = 0.085, P < 0.001 for moderate PA; β = 0.150, P < 0.001 for high PA) and FVC (β = 0.131, P < 0.001 for moderate PA; β = 0.211, P < 0.001 for high PA)..

The association between PA and lung function is mediated by CRP, suggesting that this association may be partially explained by an inflammation-related biological mechanism. This finding highlights the possible importance of PA in systemic inflammation and lung function, thus, middle-aged and older adults should be encouraged to enhance PA levels.

https://bit.ly/2Re1GX9

Effect of #caloric restriction with or without physical #activity on body composition and epicardial #fat in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial
https://2medical.news/2020/11/19/effect-of-caloric-restriction-with-or-without-physical-activity-on-body-composition-and-epicardial-fat-in-type-2-diabetic-patients-a-pilot-randomized-controlled-trial/

There is debate over the independent and combined effects of caloric restriction (CR) and physical activity (PA) on reduction in fat mass and in epicardial fat thickness. We compared the impact of a similar energy deficit prescription by CR or by CR combined with PA on total fat mass, epicardial fat thickness, and cardiometabolic profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes In this 16-week randomized …

World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical #activity and #sedentary behaviour
https://2medical.news/2020/12/03/world-health-organization-2020-guidelines-on-physical-activity-and-sedentary-behaviour/

..The new guidelines address children, adolescents, adults, older adults and include new specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. All adults should undertake 150–300 min of moderate-intensity, or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or some equivalent combination of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, per week. Among children and adolescents, an average of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic …