Association between #weight bias internalization and #metabolic syndrome among treatment-seeking individuals with obesity

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.21716/full

Individuals with obesity who self-stigmatize may have heightened cardiometabolic risk. Biological and behavioral pathways linking WBI and metabolic syndrome require further exploration.

Type I #interferon responses drive intrahepatic T cells to promote #metabolic syndrome
http://immunology.sciencemag.org/content/2/10/eaai7616

In a cohort of human patients, CD8+ T cells represent a dominant intrahepatic immune cell population that is linked to glucose dysregulation. Accumulation and activation of these cells are supported by type I interferon (IFN-I) responses in the liver. IFNαR1 inhibitors improve metabolic parameters in mice, whereas CD8+ T cells and IFN-I responses correlate with NAFLD in human patients. Thus, IFN-I responses represent a central immunological axis that governs intrahepatic T cell pathogenicity during metabolic disease.

Impact of the #Metabolic Syndrome MetS on Mortality is Modified by Objective Short #Sleep Duration http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/6/5/e005479 The hazard ratios (95% CI) of all‐cause and cardiovascular disease/cerebrovascular mortality associated with MetS were 1.29 (0.89–1.87) and 1.49 (0.75–2.97) for individuals who slept ≥6 hours and 1.99 (1.53–2.59) and 2.10 (1.39–3.16) for individuals who slept <6 hours. Interestingly, this effect modification was primarily driven by the elevated blood pressure and glucose dysregulation components of MetS.

Conclusions The risk of mortality associated with MetS is increased in those with short sleep duration. Short sleep in individuals with MetS may be linked to greater central autonomic and metabolic dysfunction. Future clinical trials should examine whether lengthening sleep improves the prognosis of individuals with MetS

Association of Resistance #Exercise, Independent of and Combined With Aerobic Exercise, With the Incidence of #Metabolic Syndrome
http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(17)30167-2/fulltext

Exercise was assessed by self-reported frequency and minutes per week of resistance and aerobic exercise and meeting the US Physical Activity Guidelines (resistance exercise ≥2 d/wk; aerobic exercise ≥500 metabolic equivalent min/wk) at baseline. The incidence of MetS was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria

Meeting the resistance exercise guidelines was associated with a 17% lower risk of MetS (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.96; P=.009) after adjusting for potential confounders and aerobic exercise. Further, less than 1 hour of weekly resistance exercise was associated with 29% lower risk of development of MetS (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.89; P=.003) compared with no resistance exercise. However, larger amounts of resistance exercise did not provide further benefits. Individuals meeting both recommended resistance and aerobic exercise guidelines had a 25% lower risk of development of MetS (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.89; P<.001) compared with meeting neither guideline

Participating in resistance exercise, even less than 1 hour per week, was associated with a lower risk of development of MetS, independent of aerobic exercise. Health professionals should recommend that patients perform resistance exercise along with aerobic exercise to reduce MetS.

Abstract 20249: Slow Down, You Eat Too #Fast: Fast Eating Associate With Obesity and Future Prevalence of #Metabolic Syndrome
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/136/Suppl_1/A20249

Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is one of the cause of cardiovascular diseases. Several reports have showed associations between eating speed and incidence of weight gain. Limited information, however, is available concerning the relation between eating speed and the risk of prevalence of Mets

During the 5-year follow-up, 84 people were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. The incidence rates of metabolic syndrome among slow, normal and fast-eating participants were 2.3, 6.5 and 11.6%, respectively. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for incidence of metabolic syndrome in the fast-eating group compared to the normal and slow group was 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-2.98, p<0.05), 5.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-23.3, p<0.05). Eating speed was significantly correlated with weight gain, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) components of metabolic risk factors. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that weight gain and TG and HDL-C was significantly associated with Mets cumulative incidence (OR 3.59: 95% CI: 2.12-6.09, p<0.001, OR 1.003: 95% CI: 1.001-1.004, p<0.001, OR 0.96: 95% CI:0.935-0.980, p<0.005).

Conclusions: Eating speed was associated with obesity and future prevalence of Metabolic syndrome. Eating slowly may therefore indicated to be a crucial lifestyle factor for preventing metabolic syndrome among the Japanese

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Functional Gut #Microbiota Remodeling Contributes to the Caloric Restriction-Induced #Metabolic Improvements

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413118305060?via=ihub

Caloric restriction (CR) stimulates development of functional beige fat and extends healthy lifespan. Here we show that compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota contribute to a number of CR-induced metabolic improvements and promote fat browning. Mechanistically, these effects are linked to a lower expression of the key bacterial enzymes necessary for the lipid A biosynthesis, a critical lipopolysaccharide (LPS) building component. The decreased LPS dictates the tone of the innate immune response during CR, leading to increased eosinophil infiltration and anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in fat of the CR animals. Genetic and pharmacological suppression of the LPS-TLR4 pathway or transplantation with Tlr4−/− bone-marrow-derived hematopoietic cells increases beige fat development and ameliorates diet-induced fatty liver, while Tlr4−/− or microbiota-depleted mice are resistant to further CR-stimulated metabolic alterations. These data reveal signals critical for our understanding of the microbiota-fat signaling axis during CR and provide potential new anti-obesity therapeutics.

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Ad libitum Weekend Recovery #Sleep Fails to Prevent #Metabolic Dysregulation during a Repeating Pattern of Insufficient Sleep and Weekend Recovery Sleep

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)30098-3

People commonly increase sleep duration on the weekend to recover from sleep loss incurred during the workweek. Whether ad libitum weekend recovery sleep prevents metabolic dysregulation caused by recurrent insufficient sleep is unknown.

However, during recurrent insufficient sleep following the weekend, the circadian phase was delayed, and after-dinner energy intake and body weight increased versus baseline. In SR, whole-body insulin sensitivity decreased ∼13% during insufficient sleep versus baseline, and in WR, whole-body, hepatic, and muscle insulin sensitivity decreased ∼9%–27% during recurrent insufficient sleep versus baseline. Furthermore, during the weekend, total sleep duration was lower in women versus men, and energy intake decreased to baseline levels in women but not in men.

Our findings suggest that weekend recovery sleep is not an effective strategy to prevent metabolic dysregulation associated with recurrent insufficient sleep

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Altered Risk for #cardiovascular Events With Changes in the #Metabolic Syndrome Status: A Nationwide Population-Based Study of Approximately 10 Million Persons

Population-scale evidence for the association between dynamic changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status and alterations in the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is lacking

At a median follow-up of 3.54 years, the MetS-recovery group (incidence rate, 4.55 per 1000 person-years) had a significantly lower MACE risk (adjusted IRR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.83 to 0.87]) than that of the MetS-chronic group (incidence rate, 8.52 per 1000 person-years). The MetS-developed group (incidence rate, 6.05 per 1000 person-years) had a significantly higher MACE risk (adjusted IRR, 1.36 [CI, 1.33 to 1.39]) than that of the MetS-free group (incidence rate, 1.92 per 1000 person-years). Among the MetS components, change in hypertension was associated with the largest difference in MACE risk.

Recovery from MetS was significantly associated with decreased risk for MACE, whereas development of MetS was associated with increased risk

https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2756142/altered-risk-cardiovascular-events-changes-metabolic-syndrome-status-nationwide-population

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Ten-Hour Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight, Blood Pressure, and Atherogenic Lipids in Patients with #Metabolic Syndrome

In animal models, time-restricted feeding (TRF) can prevent and reverse aspects of metabolic diseases. Time-restricted eating (TRE) in human pilot studies reduces the risks of metabolic diseases in otherwise healthy individuals...

..In a single-arm, paired-sample trial, 19 participants with metabolic syndrome and a baseline mean daily eating window of ≥14 h, the majority of whom were on a statin and/or antihypertensive therapy, underwent 10 h of TRE (all dietary intake within a consistent self-selected 10 h window) for 12 weeks.

We found this TRE intervention improves cardiometabolic health for patients with metabolic syndrome receiving standard medical care including high rates of statin and anti-hypertensive use. TRE is a potentially powerful lifestyle intervention that can be added to standard medical practice to treat metabolic syndrome.

https://bit.ly/39qF6mO

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#Shift Workers at Risk for #Metabolic Syndrome

In this highly digitalized era, sleep disorders are becoming more common and are associated with an increased burden of chronic disease. Shift workers are at an increased risk for both sleep disorders and metabolic syndrome. In this article, the authors outline the connection between circadian discordance, hormonal imbalance, and the development of metabolic syndrome in shift workers.

Based on a literature review of animal model studies, observational studies, and clinical trials conducted between August and October of 2018, the authors offer several clinical interventions, including work schedules, light therapy, medications, and dietary habits to improve the circadian synchronicity of shift workers and reduce their risk of morbidity and mortality. It is important for physicians to be familiar with the consequences of shift work and ways to mitigate the risks for this patient population.

https://bit.ly/2SuVlZo

#Metabolic adaptation to #calorie restriction
https://2medical.news/2020/09/12/metabolic-adaptation-to-calorie-restriction/

Calorie restriction (CR) enhances health span (the length of time that an organism remains healthy) and increases longevity across species. In mice, these beneficial effects are partly mediated by the lowering of core body temperature that occurs during CR. Conversely, the favorable effects of CR on health span are mitigated by elevating ambient temperature to thermoneutrality (30°C), a condition in which hypothermia is blunted. In …

The Tailgate Study: Differing #metabolic effects of a bout of excessive #eating and #drinking
https://2medical.news/2021/02/03/the-tailgate-study-differing-metabolic-effects-of-a-bout-of-excessive-eating-and-drinking/

Excess energy intake by spectators at a sporting event (i.e., a tailgate) might cause acute negative health effects. However, limited data exist regarding the effects of overeating and alcohol consumption on lipid metabolism and the potential to gain intrahepatic triacylglycerols (IHTG). We tested the hypothesis that overconsumption of food and alcohol would significantly increase both hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and IHTG. Methods Eighteen males …

Common and specific aspects of #anxiety and #depression and the #metabolic syndrome
https://2medical.news/2021/03/06/common-and-specific-aspects-of-anxiety-and-depression-and-the-metabolic-syndrome/

The associations of anxiety and depression with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are not consistent across studies. Anxiety and depression are highly correlated and traditional methods don’t take the structure of this correlation into account. Our aim is to disentangle the relationship of these emotional conditions with MetS, using bifactor models, modelling both general and specific aspects between anxiety and depression. Methods Bifactor models were tested using …

#Metabolic syndrome and #gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
https://2medical.news/2021/04/15/metabolic-syndrome-and-gastric-cancer-risk-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of death for cancer. Recent reports suggest that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a role in etiology, progression or prognosis on GC. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence on the association between MetS and GC risk and prognosis. Methods Literature search was performed using the electronic databases …

Prevalence of increased #transaminases and its association with sex, age, and #metabolic parameters in children and adolescents wit7h obesity – a nationwide cross-sectional cohort study

https://2medical.news/2021/06/12/prevalence-of-increased-transaminases-and-its-association-with-sex-age-and-metabolic-parameters-in-children-and-adolescents-wit7h-obesity-a-nationwide-cross-sectional-cohort-study/

#Metabolic responses to polychromatic #LED and #OLED light at night

https://2medical.news/2021/07/19/metabolic-responses-to-polychromatic-led-and-oled-light-at-night/