Afghanistan is a member of
- WTO,
- SAARC,
- Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), and
- OIC.
It holds an observer status in SCO.
#Veryimportantfact
#prelims2022

Different shapes of recovery
•K-shaped recovery occurs when, following a recession, different parts of the economy recover at different rates, times, or magnitudes.

•V-shaped recovery, an economy that has suffered a sharp economic decline experiences a fast and strong rebound

•W-shaped recovery, which is also called a “double dip”, means the economy picks up only to fall again and then starts rising

•L-shaped recovery is characterised by a slow rate of recovery, with persistent unemployment and stagnant economic growth

•J-shaped recovery: It is a somewhat unrealistic scenario, in which growth rises sharply from the lows much higher than the trend-line and stays there.

@upscsupersimplified

#prelims2022 #memorytools

The right to protest is the manifestation of three Fundamental Rights:
1) Right to Freedom of Assembly
2) Right to Freedom of Association and
3) Right to Freedom of Speech

#polity #shorts #prelims2022

Swaccha Bharat Mission
• ODF+ focuses on toilets with water, maintenance and hygiene
• ODF++ focuses on toilets with sludge and septage management.
• Water Plus aims to sustain toilets by treating and reuse of water

@upscsupersimplified
#prelims2022 #memorytools

Nuclear power plants and their location
•Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) - Maharashtra
•Kaiga Generating Station (KGS) - Karnataka
•Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS) - Uttar Pradesh
•Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) - Gujarat
#prelims2022

Applications of radioisotopes
•Iodine-131 is used to treat thyroid disorders. (Graves’s disease)
•Thorium -229 helps fluorescent lights last longer.
•Uranium-235 is used to produce fluorescent glassware, a variety of colored glazes and wall tiles.
#prelims2022

Martial arts in India
●Thang-ta - Manipur
●Thoda- Himachal Pradesh
●Lathi khela- Punjab and Bengal
●Pari- Khanda - Bihar by Rajputs
●Kalaripattu - Kerala
●Silambam- Tamil Nadu
●Mardani Khela - Maharashtra
●Gatka -Punjab

@upscsupersimplified
#prelims2022 #Veryimportantfact

Types of Vitamins Deficiency Diseases
●A (Retinol)- Night blindness
●B1 (Thiamine) - Beriberi
●B2 (Riboflavin) - Retarded growth, bad skin
●B12 (Cyanocobalamin)- Anaemia
●C (Ascorbic acid)- Scurvy
●D (Calciferol) - Rickets
●K (Phylloquinone) - Excessive bleeding due to injury
#prelims2022 #science #lastminutenotes

Types of Minerals Deficiency Diseases
●Calcium -Brittle bones, excessive bleeding
●Phosphorus- Bad teeth and bones
●Iron- Anaemia
●Iodine - Goitre, enlarged thyroid gland
●Copper- Low appetite, retarded growth
#prelims2022 #science #health #lastminutenotes

Important Environment Rules
● Bergmann's rule
- Populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.

● Allen's rule
- Animals adapted to cold climates have shorter limbs and bodily appendages than animals adapted to warm climates. 

● Gloger's rule 
-within a species of endotherms, more heavily pigmented forms tend to be found in more humid environments, e.g. near the equator. 

● Rensch's rule
-After controlling for confounding factors such as evolutionary history, an increase in average body size makes the difference in body size larger if the species has larger males, and smaller if it has larger females.

@upscsupersimplified
#prelims2022 #lastminutenotes

Reports & Indices
●World Investment report - UNCTAD
●Economic performance Index - IMF
●Global Financial Stability report - IMF
●End of Childhood report - Save the Children ( non-profit)
●Global Economic prospects report - World Bank
●Global Peace Index - Institute for Economics & Peace

@upscsupersimplified
#prelims2022

Important channels:

●6 deg. channel: Separates Nicobar & Sumatra (Indonesia).

●8 deg. channel: Separates Lakshadweep and Maldives.

●9 deg. channel: Separates Minicoy & other Lakshadweep islands.

●10 deg. channel: Separates Andaman & Nicobar.

●11 deg. channel: In Lakshadweep, separated Amini & Cannanore.

●Duncan Channel: Separates South Andaman & Little Andaman.

●Coco Channel: Separates Andaman and Coco island (Myanmar).

@upscsupersimplified
#prelims2022 #mapping

Bhakti Saint & their time period
●Shankara (788 - 820 AD)
●Ramanuja (1017-1137 A.D)
●Basava (12th Century)
●Madhva (1238-1319 AD)
●Ramanada (15th century)
●Kabir (1440-1510 AD)
●Chaitanya (1468-1533 AD)
●Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1538 AD)
●Purandara (15th century)
●Dadu Dayal (1544-1603 AD)
●Surdas (1483-1563 AD)
●Vallabhacharya (1479-1531 AD)
●Shankaradeva (1499-1569 AD)
●Mirabai (1498-1563 AD)
●Haridas (1478-1573 AD)
●Tulasidas (1532-1623 AD)
●Namdeva (1270-1309 AD)
●Jnanesvar (1275-1296 AD)
●Eknath (1533-1599AD)
●Tukaram (1608?- 1650AD)

@upscsupersimplified

#prelims2022

Organizations
● All India depressed classes League- Jagjivan Ram
● All India depressed classes Congress- Dr B.R. Ambedkar
● Adi Dharma movement - Punjab
● Satnam Panth- Chhattisgarh
●Balhari movement -Bengal
● Self respect movement - EV Ramaswamy Nayakar (Periyar)

#prelims2022 #history #lastminutenotes

Mnemonic to remember diseases eradicated from India

Trick- PqRST (alphabetical order)
●Polio
●Rinderpest
●Smallpox
●Trachoma
#mnemonic #prelims2022 #lastminutenotes

Important reports and indices published by World Bank

●Ease of doing business

●World development report

●Global economic prospects

●International Debt Statistics

●Remittance Report

●Ease of Living Index

●Universal Health Coverage Index

●The Service Trade Restriction Index

●India Development Update

●Logistics Performance Index
#prelims2022 #reports #lastminutenotes

Important Environment Rules
● Bergmann's rule
- Populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.

● Allen's rule
- Animals adapted to cold climates have shorter limbs and bodily appendages than animals adapted to warm climates.

● Gloger's rule
-within a species of endotherms, more heavily pigmented forms tend to be found in more humid environments, e.g. near the equator.

● Rensch's rule
-After controlling for confounding factors such as evolutionary history, an increase in average body size makes the difference in body size larger if the species has larger males, and smaller if it has larger females.

#environment #prelims2022

Different shapes of recovery
•K-shaped recovery occurs when, following a recession, different parts of the economy recover at different rates, times, or magnitudes. 

•V-shaped recovery, an economy that has suffered a sharp economic decline experiences a fast and strong rebound

•W-shaped recovery, which is also called a “double dip”, means the economy picks up only to fall again and then starts rising

•L-shaped recovery is characterised by a slow rate of recovery, with persistent unemployment and stagnant economic growth

•J-shaped recovery: It is a somewhat unrealistic scenario, in which growth rises sharply from the lows much higher than the trend-line and stays there.

@upscsupersimplified

#prelims2022 #memorytools

TYPES OF DEFICIT
•Budget Deficit: Public Receipts, Public Expenditure

•Revenue Deficit: Revenue Receipts, Revenue Expenditure

•Fiscal Deficit: Revenue Deficit+InterestPayment

•Monetised Deficit: Monetised deficit indicates the level of support extended by the RBI to the government’s borrowing programme by way of printing of new money.

•Primary Deficit: Fiscal Deficit - Interest Payment

•Effective Revenue Deficit: Revenue Deficit - Productive Expenditure (grants which the Union Government gives to the state Governments for Creation of capital Assets) = Effective Revenue Deficit.

@upscsupersimplified

#prelims2022 #memorytools

Organizations
● All India depressed classes League- Jagjivan Ram
● All India depressed classes Congress- Dr B.R. Ambedkar
● Adi Dharma movement - Punjab
● Satnam Panth- Chhattisgarh
●Balhari movement -Bengal
● Self respect movement - EV Ramaswamy Nayakar (Periyar)

#prelims2022 #history #lastminutenotes