🌍 World Water Day – 22 March 💧

🔹 Established: 1993 (by the United Nations)
🔹 Objective: To raise awareness of freshwater conservation & ensure safe water access for all.
🔹 Core Focus: Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 – Clean water & sanitation for all by 2030.
🔹 Organizer: UN-Water (Sets annual themes)

💡 Why It Matters?
✅ 2.2 billion people lack access to safe water.
✅ Water is essential for life, peace, and sustainability.
✅ Addressing the global water crisis requires urgent action.

📅 World Water Day Themes (Recent & Upcoming):
🔹 2025 – 🌨 Glacier Preservation
🔹 2024 – 🤝 Leveraging Water for Peace
🔹 2023 – ⚡️ Accelerating Change
🔹 2022 – 🌊 Groundwater
🔹 2021 – 💙 Valuing Water
🔹 2020 – 🌏 Water and Climate Change

📢 Let’s Pledge Today!
💙 Save Water 💙 Protect Freshwater 💙 Ensure Water for All

💦 Happy World Water Day! 💦
🌊 "Every Drop Counts – Conserve, Protect, and Share!" 🌊

UPSC PYQ Repeated Species

✅Orangutan:-Tool with a stick to scrape insects from a hole in a tree
✅Otter- Refer the image.
✅Seahorses- Slow Swimmers where male gives birth to child as the female uses an ovipositor
✅ Earthworms, Millipedes, Woodlice- Detritivores
✅ Ceylon frogmouth, Coppersmith barbet- Birds
✅Asiatic lion- Naturally found in India only
✅ Blue Finned Mahseer- Naturally found in Cauvery River
✅ Rusty Spotted Cat- Naturally found in Eastern Ghats

#pyq_related #upsc #prelims

join—

◼️Bisleri International and Observer Research Foundation jointly released a book on 'Water Credit Valuation' at Raisina Dialogue 2025

◾️Launched at the Raisina Dialogue 2025, this comprehensive book titled ' Trading Blue Gold: A Blueprint for Water Credit Valuation in India ' aims to expand the framework beyond the beverage sector.

#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #books_and_authors

Good night 💤

Good Morning🌞

🔳 Sansad Bhashaani initiative will revolutionise parliamentary documentation and accessibility through AI and real-time translation

◾️In a major step towards modernising parliamentary procedures, the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop the Sansad Bhashaani initiative.

◾️It is designed to integrate AI-powered tools that will facilitate multilingual support, optimize documentation, and improve overall parliamentary operations.

◾️The initiative will deploy cutting-edge AI applications such as real-time speech-to-text transcription, speech-to-speech translation, and interactive AI chatbots.

◾️These technologies will ensure seamless translation of parliamentary debates, committee reports, and legislative documents into multiple Indian languages, thereby fostering inclusivity and broader public engagement.

#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #polity #science_and_technology

Good Morning🌞

Floating Exchange Rate: Flexibility in Currency Valuation

✅Definition: A system where a currency's value is determined by supply and demand in the foreign exchange market, allowing exchange rates to fluctuate continuously.
✅Characteristics: Not officially pegged or fixed to any other currency or commodity.
✅ Enables currencies to adjust freely to economic conditions, trade imbalances, and market forces.
🔸 Example: Countries like Canada operate under the floating exchange rate system.

Managed Float: Balancing Flexibility with Intervention

✅Definition: Also known as a dirty float, it's a system where a country's central bank or government occasionally intervenes in the foreign exchange market to influence its currency's value.
✅Features: Exchange rate is allowed to float, but authorities may intervene to stabilize or manage its value in response to economic goals or to prevent
excessive volatility.
🔸Example: Countries like India and China adopt a managed float exchange rate system.

#pre_revision
#economy

🔆 Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh – A Historical Gem

📍 🏛 Historical Significance
✅ Historians are working to restore Srikakulam’s ancient prominence.
✅ Formerly known as Chicacole during British colonial rule.
✅ Part of the Kalinga Dynasty, later under the Gajapati Kingdom.

Kilauea Volcano

✅Why in news: Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, started erupting again.

✅Location: Situated on the southeastern part of the Hawaii’s Big Island, as a part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
✅Volcano Type: It is an active shield volcano, formed by the eruption of highly fluid lava.

✅Kilauea has covered around 90% of its surface in lava flows within the last 1,000 years.
✅It is an elongated dome built of lava eruptions from the central crater and features long, shallow slopes.
✅It has two rift zones stretching to the east and southwest.

📍Volcanoes in India:

✅Barren Island (Andaman Islands): India's only active volcano.
✅Narcondam (Andaman Islands): Dormant volcano.
✅Baratang (Andaman Islands): Known for mud volcanoes.
✅Deccan Traps (Maharashtra): Vast volcanic plateau formed by ancient eruptions.
✅Dhinodhar Hills (Gujarat): Extinct volcano.
✅Dhosi Hill (Haryana): Ancient volcanic site with historical significance.

#Places_in_news #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims

Surrender everything to krishna 🌟🌷
He will take care of everything 🌸

Good Morning🌞

🔆GPS Spoofing:

✅GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals. 
✅Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
✅This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.

📍How Does GPS Spoofing Work?

✅It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure – the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
✅The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
✅These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
✅However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
✅Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victim’s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
✅With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
✅These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
✅As a result, the victim’s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.

#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims

Important lakes ⭐️

Shiv 🌸⭐️🙏

Ad-hoc judges in High courts

Philosophical schools of vedanta #prelims #UPSC

Committees on Ragging 🏛

🔹 Raghavan Committee (2007) – Head: R.K. Raghavan (ex-CBI Director).
👉 What it said? Implement strict rules to stop ragging – UGC introduced these rules in 2009.

🔹 Unny Committee (1999) – Head: Prof. K.P.S. Unny (JNU Registrar).
👉 What it said? Focus on student safety, institutional accountability, and a strong complaint system.

How to Stop Ragging? 🚫

✅ Strict Rules – Enforce UGC’s 2009 regulations, take action against colleges that fail to comply.
✅ Awareness – Conduct workshops to educate students on the dangers of ragging.
✅ Complaint System – Set up 24/7 helplines and anonymous complaint boxes.
✅ Monitoring – Install CCTV in hostels and campuses, conduct surprise inspections.
✅ Punishment – Suspend or expel those involved in ragging, file criminal cases if necessary.
✅ Counseling – Provide mental health support and counseling for victims.
✅ Involve Seniors – Make seniors mentors to create a positive and respectful campus culture.

✅Snow Leopard Conservation🐆

IUCN Status: Vulnerable
Hemis NP, Ladakh: Capital of Snow Leopards
CITES: Appendix I
India's First Frozen Zoo: - Conservation Breeding Centre: Padmaja Naidu Zoological Park - Darjeeling, West Bengal 🇮🇳

credit: securehimalaya