Narayan Malhar Joshi -
1.Social Service League in Bombay
2. founded the All India
Trade Union Congress
(1920). whoes 1St president Lala lajpat rai..
3 Follower of G k Gokhale
#History
1.Social Service League in Bombay
2. founded the All India
Trade Union Congress
(1920). whoes 1St president Lala lajpat rai..
3 Follower of G k Gokhale
#History
Dayanand Saraswati and Arya Samaj
1. Acceptance of the Vedas as the only source of truth.
2. Opposition to idol worship.
3. Opposition to the theory of God-incarnation and
religious pilgrimages.
4. Recitation of the mantras of the Vedas and
performance of ‘Havan’ and ‘Yajna’.
5. Faith in female education.
6. Opposition to child-marriage and polygamy
#History #Prelim2020
1. Acceptance of the Vedas as the only source of truth.
2. Opposition to idol worship.
3. Opposition to the theory of God-incarnation and
religious pilgrimages.
4. Recitation of the mantras of the Vedas and
performance of ‘Havan’ and ‘Yajna’.
5. Faith in female education.
6. Opposition to child-marriage and polygamy
#History #Prelim2020
India Kisan Congress Sabha
Founded in Lucknow in April 1936
Swami Sahjanand Saraswati as the president and N.G. Ranga as the general
secretary.
Held their sessions in Faizpur in 1936.
#History #Prelim2020
Founded in Lucknow in April 1936
Swami Sahjanand Saraswati as the president and N.G. Ranga as the general
secretary.
Held their sessions in Faizpur in 1936.
#History #Prelim2020
Vaigai Valley Civilisation.
@ As per report published by the Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department (TNAD), the cultural deposits unearthed during the excavations at site Keeladi located in the Sivaganga district could be dated to a period between the 6th century BC and the 1st century AD.
@ The title of the report was ‘Keeladi-An Urban Settlement of Sangam Age on the Banks of River Vaigai.’
@ The carbon dating test confirmed the date of the Tamil-Brahmi script is dated to the year 580 BC.
@ The results suggest that the second urbanization (the first being the Indus Valley Civilization) of Vaigai plains happened in Tamil Nadu during the 6th century BC.
@ Skeletal fragments of Cow/Ox & Buffalo, Sheep & Goat, Nilgai & Blackbuck, Wild boar, and Peacock suggest that the society in Keeladi had used animals predominantly for agricultural purposes.
@ The recovery of spindle whorls, pinpointed bone tip tools, hanging stones of the yarn etc., outlines the various stages of weaving industry from spinning, yarning, looming, weaving and dyeing.
#AlsoKnow!
Vaigai River?
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #History
@ As per report published by the Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department (TNAD), the cultural deposits unearthed during the excavations at site Keeladi located in the Sivaganga district could be dated to a period between the 6th century BC and the 1st century AD.
@ The title of the report was ‘Keeladi-An Urban Settlement of Sangam Age on the Banks of River Vaigai.’
@ The carbon dating test confirmed the date of the Tamil-Brahmi script is dated to the year 580 BC.
@ The results suggest that the second urbanization (the first being the Indus Valley Civilization) of Vaigai plains happened in Tamil Nadu during the 6th century BC.
@ Skeletal fragments of Cow/Ox & Buffalo, Sheep & Goat, Nilgai & Blackbuck, Wild boar, and Peacock suggest that the society in Keeladi had used animals predominantly for agricultural purposes.
@ The recovery of spindle whorls, pinpointed bone tip tools, hanging stones of the yarn etc., outlines the various stages of weaving industry from spinning, yarning, looming, weaving and dyeing.
#AlsoKnow!
Vaigai River?
#prelim_2020 #target_shots #History
Nirmal Fort:
@ Nirmal is a prominent town in Adilabad district.
@ The region was ruled by Kakatiyas, Chalukyas, the Qutubshahis and Nizams who have contributed immensely to the growth of cultural heritage.
@ Nirmal Fort, also called as the Shamgarh fort, was built by the French.
@ Nirmal is about 280 km north of Hyderabad.
@ It is renowned for wooden toy industry and Nirmal Plates that depict miniature paintings and floral design.
#Target_Shots #History
@ Nirmal is a prominent town in Adilabad district.
@ The region was ruled by Kakatiyas, Chalukyas, the Qutubshahis and Nizams who have contributed immensely to the growth of cultural heritage.
@ Nirmal Fort, also called as the Shamgarh fort, was built by the French.
@ Nirmal is about 280 km north of Hyderabad.
@ It is renowned for wooden toy industry and Nirmal Plates that depict miniature paintings and floral design.
#Target_Shots #History
Svapnavasavadattam: The plot of the drama is drawn from the romantic narratives about the Vatsa king Udayana and Vasavadatta, the daughter of Pradyota, the ruler of Avanti.
Malavikagnimitra: It is a Sanskrit play by Kalidasa. It is based on some events of the reign of Pushyamitra Shunga.
The play tells the story of the love of Agnimitra, the Shunga Emperor at Vidisha, for the beautiful hand-maiden of his chief queen.
#History
Malavikagnimitra: It is a Sanskrit play by Kalidasa. It is based on some events of the reign of Pushyamitra Shunga.
The play tells the story of the love of Agnimitra, the Shunga Emperor at Vidisha, for the beautiful hand-maiden of his chief queen.
#History
Nij system of indigo cultivation:
▪️There were two main systems of indigo cultivation – nij and ryoti.
▪️Within the system of nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled.
▪️He either bought the land or rented it from other zamindars and produced indigo by directly employing hired labourers.
Ryoti System Of indigo cultivation:
▪️The rest was under an alternative mode of cultivation – the ryoti system (Indigo on the land of ryots).
▪️Under the ryoti system, the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, an agreement (satta).
#Pre_2020 #History
▪️There were two main systems of indigo cultivation – nij and ryoti.
▪️Within the system of nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled.
▪️He either bought the land or rented it from other zamindars and produced indigo by directly employing hired labourers.
Ryoti System Of indigo cultivation:
▪️The rest was under an alternative mode of cultivation – the ryoti system (Indigo on the land of ryots).
▪️Under the ryoti system, the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, an agreement (satta).
#Pre_2020 #History
The Vernacular Press Act:
▪️The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 under the Viceroyalty of Lord Lytton.
▪️It was directed only against Indian language newspapers.
▪️The purpose of the Act was to control the printing and circulation of seditious materials producing disaffection amongst the masses against the British.
▪️The Vernacular Press Act empowered the district magistrate to call upon the printer and publisher of any vernacular newspaper to enter into a bond with the government.
▪️The magistrate could further require a publisher to deposit security and to forfeit it if the newspaper contravened the regulation.
▪️If the offence reoccurred, the press equipment could be seized. The magistrate’s action was final and no appeal could be made in a court of law.
▪️A vernacular newspaper could get exemption from the operation of the Act by submitting proofs to a government censor.
▪️Under the Vernacular Press Act, proceedings were instituted against Som Prakash, Bharat, Mihir, Dacca Prakash and Samachar.
#Pre_2020 #History
▪️The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 under the Viceroyalty of Lord Lytton.
▪️It was directed only against Indian language newspapers.
▪️The purpose of the Act was to control the printing and circulation of seditious materials producing disaffection amongst the masses against the British.
▪️The Vernacular Press Act empowered the district magistrate to call upon the printer and publisher of any vernacular newspaper to enter into a bond with the government.
▪️The magistrate could further require a publisher to deposit security and to forfeit it if the newspaper contravened the regulation.
▪️If the offence reoccurred, the press equipment could be seized. The magistrate’s action was final and no appeal could be made in a court of law.
▪️A vernacular newspaper could get exemption from the operation of the Act by submitting proofs to a government censor.
▪️Under the Vernacular Press Act, proceedings were instituted against Som Prakash, Bharat, Mihir, Dacca Prakash and Samachar.
#Pre_2020 #History
Amara-nayaka system:
▪️The Amara-nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire. It is likely that many features of this system were derived from the iqta system of the Delhi Sultanate.
▪️The Amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by raya. The rulers of Vijayanagara called themselves rayas.
The functions of Amara-nayakas are:
🔺They collected taxes and other dues from peasants, craftspersons and traders in the area.
🔺They retained part of the revenue for personal use and for maintaining a stipulated contingent of horses and elephants.
🔺These contingents provided the Vijayanagara kings with an effective fighting force with which they brought the entire southern peninsula under their control.
#Pre_2020 #History
▪️The Amara-nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire. It is likely that many features of this system were derived from the iqta system of the Delhi Sultanate.
▪️The Amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by raya. The rulers of Vijayanagara called themselves rayas.
The functions of Amara-nayakas are:
🔺They collected taxes and other dues from peasants, craftspersons and traders in the area.
🔺They retained part of the revenue for personal use and for maintaining a stipulated contingent of horses and elephants.
🔺These contingents provided the Vijayanagara kings with an effective fighting force with which they brought the entire southern peninsula under their control.
#Pre_2020 #History
Subsidiary system - Lord Wellesley
Mahalwari settlement in Northern India Mackenzie
Local Government Lord Ripon
Ryotwari settlement: Thomas Munro
#History #Prelim2020
Mahalwari settlement in Northern India Mackenzie
Local Government Lord Ripon
Ryotwari settlement: Thomas Munro
#History #Prelim2020
FOLK PAINTINGS
MADHUBANI -BIHAR (TERAI)
WARLI Maharashtra
PATTACHITRA Odisha
KALAMEZHUTHU- Kerala
KALIGHAT Eastern India
KALAMKARI- Andhra Pradesh
MANJUSHA- Bihar
THANGKA- SIKKIM
#Prelim2020 #volume6 #History
MADHUBANI -BIHAR (TERAI)
WARLI Maharashtra
PATTACHITRA Odisha
KALAMEZHUTHU- Kerala
KALIGHAT Eastern India
KALAMKARI- Andhra Pradesh
MANJUSHA- Bihar
THANGKA- SIKKIM
#Prelim2020 #volume6 #History
Mural paintings
Ajanta- Maharashtra
Ellora Caves-- Maharashtra
Bagh Caves- Madhya Pradesh
Ravan Chhaya -Odisha
Sittanavasal Cave paintings -Tamil Nadu
Lepakshi- Karnataka
#Prelim2020 #volume6 #History
Ajanta- Maharashtra
Ellora Caves-- Maharashtra
Bagh Caves- Madhya Pradesh
Ravan Chhaya -Odisha
Sittanavasal Cave paintings -Tamil Nadu
Lepakshi- Karnataka
#Prelim2020 #volume6 #History
Tatvabodhini Sabha
In 1839, Debendranath Tagore, father of Rabindranath Tagore, founded the Tatvabodhini Sabha to propagate Ram Mohan Roy's ideas.
The Tatvabodhini Sabha and its organ the Tatvabodhini Patrika promoted a systematic study of India's past in the Bengali language.
In 1843, Debendranath Tagore reorganized the Brahmo Samaj and put new life into it.
The Samaj actively supported the movement for widow remarriage, abolition of polygamy, Women's education, improvement of the ryot's condition, etc.
#Prelim2020 #History
In 1839, Debendranath Tagore, father of Rabindranath Tagore, founded the Tatvabodhini Sabha to propagate Ram Mohan Roy's ideas.
The Tatvabodhini Sabha and its organ the Tatvabodhini Patrika promoted a systematic study of India's past in the Bengali language.
In 1843, Debendranath Tagore reorganized the Brahmo Samaj and put new life into it.
The Samaj actively supported the movement for widow remarriage, abolition of polygamy, Women's education, improvement of the ryot's condition, etc.
#Prelim2020 #History
Kondapalli Toys
1. Cultural icons of Andhra Pradesh and one of the most sold handicrafts in India and abroad.
2.Made of softwood ‘Tella Poniki’ in Kondapalli of Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh.
3. The wooden piece is heated to make it moisture-free. Different parts of the image are carved separately.
4. They are then glued together with an adhesive made of crushed tamarind seeds.
5.These toys were one of the varieties of toys assembled in the houses during the festivals of Sankranti and Navratri.
#Prelim2020 #History
1. Cultural icons of Andhra Pradesh and one of the most sold handicrafts in India and abroad.
2.Made of softwood ‘Tella Poniki’ in Kondapalli of Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh.
3. The wooden piece is heated to make it moisture-free. Different parts of the image are carved separately.
4. They are then glued together with an adhesive made of crushed tamarind seeds.
5.These toys were one of the varieties of toys assembled in the houses during the festivals of Sankranti and Navratri.
#Prelim2020 #History
Alexander Cunningham
1.a British army engineer who took an interest in Indian history and
archaeology.
2.He discovered a high dome like structure known as Dhamek Stupa. It is the place where the first sermon of Buddha was held.
3. James Prinsep help him in this discovery.He is famous for deciphering Ashoka’s edicts and Brahmi
script.
4.He published a book called ‘The Bhilsa Topes’ in 1854 on the Sarnath and Sanchi architecture.
5.Archaeological Survey of India was set up in 1861 with Sir Cunningham as its head.
6.He published ‘The Ancient Geography of India’ in 1871 which was the first collection of the edicts of the 3rd-Century-BC Indian emperor Ashoka.
#Prelim2020 #History
1.a British army engineer who took an interest in Indian history and
archaeology.
2.He discovered a high dome like structure known as Dhamek Stupa. It is the place where the first sermon of Buddha was held.
3. James Prinsep help him in this discovery.He is famous for deciphering Ashoka’s edicts and Brahmi
script.
4.He published a book called ‘The Bhilsa Topes’ in 1854 on the Sarnath and Sanchi architecture.
5.Archaeological Survey of India was set up in 1861 with Sir Cunningham as its head.
6.He published ‘The Ancient Geography of India’ in 1871 which was the first collection of the edicts of the 3rd-Century-BC Indian emperor Ashoka.
#Prelim2020 #History
Advent of Europeans
1.Portuguese
2. Dutch
3. English
4. French
Withdrawal from India
1.Dutch
2.British
3.Frech
4.Portuguese (1962 Goa liberation)
#Prelim2020 #History
1.Portuguese
2. Dutch
3. English
4. French
Withdrawal from India
1.Dutch
2.British
3.Frech
4.Portuguese (1962 Goa liberation)
#Prelim2020 #History
Pitt’s India Act of 1784
◆Distinguished between commercial and political functions of the company
◆Court of Directors for Commercial functions and Board of Control for political affairs.(System of Double Government)
◆First time called“the British possession in India”.
◆Board of Control to supervise and direct all operations of the civil and military government
◆Governing council at Madras and Bombay
#Prelim2020 #History
◆Distinguished between commercial and political functions of the company
◆Court of Directors for Commercial functions and Board of Control for political affairs.(System of Double Government)
◆First time called“the British possession in India”.
◆Board of Control to supervise and direct all operations of the civil and military government
◆Governing council at Madras and Bombay
#Prelim2020 #History