Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) is being implemented by the Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI), a wholly owned Enterprise of the Government of India under the administrative control of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
Amnesty International
AI is an international Non Governmental Organization (NGO) founded in London on May 28, 1961,
It seeks to publicize violations by governments and other entities of rights recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), especially freedom of speech and of conscience and the right against torture.
It also works with intergovernmental human rights bodies to expand and enforce human rights protections in international law.
In 1977 AI was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
AI is an international Non Governmental Organization (NGO) founded in London on May 28, 1961,
It seeks to publicize violations by governments and other entities of rights recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), especially freedom of speech and of conscience and the right against torture.
It also works with intergovernmental human rights bodies to expand and enforce human rights protections in international law.
In 1977 AI was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
Serious Fraud Investigation Office
It is a multi-disciplinary organization under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, consisting of experts in the field of accountancy, forensic auditing, law, information technology, investigation, company law, capital market and taxation for detecting and prosecuting or recommending for prosecution white-collar crimes/frauds.
It is headquartered in New Delhi.
SFIO was initially set up by the Government of India by way of a resolution dated 2nd July 2003. At that time SFIO did not enjoy a formal legal status.
Section 211 of the Companies Act, 2013 has accorded statutory status to the SFIO.
It is a multi-disciplinary organization under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, consisting of experts in the field of accountancy, forensic auditing, law, information technology, investigation, company law, capital market and taxation for detecting and prosecuting or recommending for prosecution white-collar crimes/frauds.
It is headquartered in New Delhi.
SFIO was initially set up by the Government of India by way of a resolution dated 2nd July 2003. At that time SFIO did not enjoy a formal legal status.
Section 211 of the Companies Act, 2013 has accorded statutory status to the SFIO.
Nidhi company
Under Nidhi Rules, 2014, Nidhi is a company which has been incorporated as a Nidhi with the object of cultivating the habit of thrift and saving amongst its members, receiving deposits from, and lending to, its members only, for their mutual benefit.
It is a company registered under the Companies Act, 2013.
It works on the principle of mutual benefits that are regulated by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
Nidhi Company is a class of Non-Banking Financial Company(NBFC) and Reserve Bank of India(RBI) has powers to issue directives for them related to their deposit acceptance activities.
However, since these Nidhis deal with their shareholder-members only, RBI has exempted them from the core provisions of the RBI Act and other directions applicable to NBFCs.
Under Nidhi Rules, 2014, Nidhi is a company which has been incorporated as a Nidhi with the object of cultivating the habit of thrift and saving amongst its members, receiving deposits from, and lending to, its members only, for their mutual benefit.
It is a company registered under the Companies Act, 2013.
It works on the principle of mutual benefits that are regulated by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
Nidhi Company is a class of Non-Banking Financial Company(NBFC) and Reserve Bank of India(RBI) has powers to issue directives for them related to their deposit acceptance activities.
However, since these Nidhis deal with their shareholder-members only, RBI has exempted them from the core provisions of the RBI Act and other directions applicable to NBFCs.
Bear Market
A bear market refers to the market where share prices are continuously declining.
Its downward trend makes investors believe that the trend will continue, which, in turn, perpetuates the downward spiral.
It is considered riskier to invest in a bear market, as many equities lose value. Thus, most investors withdraw their money from the markets.
During a bear market, the economy slows down and unemployment rises as companies begin laying off workers.
Bull Market
A bull market refers to a market that experiences a sustained increase in market share prices.
It ensures investors that the uptrend will continue over the long term.
It signifies that the country's economy is strong and employment levels are high.
#Prelim 2020 #Economy
A bear market refers to the market where share prices are continuously declining.
Its downward trend makes investors believe that the trend will continue, which, in turn, perpetuates the downward spiral.
It is considered riskier to invest in a bear market, as many equities lose value. Thus, most investors withdraw their money from the markets.
During a bear market, the economy slows down and unemployment rises as companies begin laying off workers.
Bull Market
A bull market refers to a market that experiences a sustained increase in market share prices.
It ensures investors that the uptrend will continue over the long term.
It signifies that the country's economy is strong and employment levels are high.
#Prelim 2020 #Economy
COVID-19 Emergency Fund:
India has proposed to create a COVID-19 Emergency Fund which could be based on a voluntary contribution from all SAARC members
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has also constituted the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund with the help of corporate bodies, foundations and the UN Foundation.
#Prelim 2020
India has proposed to create a COVID-19 Emergency Fund which could be based on a voluntary contribution from all SAARC members
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has also constituted the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund with the help of corporate bodies, foundations and the UN Foundation.
#Prelim 2020
Important Towns in News
Aqaba - Jordan
Fordow - Iran
Kalpani - Nepal
Aleppo - Syria
Mazar-i-sharif – Afghanistan
Kirkuk - Iraq
Aqaba - Jordan
Fordow - Iran
Kalpani - Nepal
Aleppo - Syria
Mazar-i-sharif – Afghanistan
Kirkuk - Iraq
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)
@ It was formerly known as the Millennium Dam and sometimes referred to as Hidase Dam.
@ construction began in 2011 on the Blue Nile tributary in the northern Ethiopia highlands, from where 85% of the Nile’s waters flow.
@ When complete, the Grand Renaissance Dam, which Ethiopia is building, will be Africa’s biggest hydroelectric power plant.
Why is it so contentious?
@ At the Centre of the dispute are plans to fill up the mega-dam as Egypt fears the project will allow Ethiopia to control the flow of Africa’s longest river.
@ It was formerly known as the Millennium Dam and sometimes referred to as Hidase Dam.
@ construction began in 2011 on the Blue Nile tributary in the northern Ethiopia highlands, from where 85% of the Nile’s waters flow.
@ When complete, the Grand Renaissance Dam, which Ethiopia is building, will be Africa’s biggest hydroelectric power plant.
Why is it so contentious?
@ At the Centre of the dispute are plans to fill up the mega-dam as Egypt fears the project will allow Ethiopia to control the flow of Africa’s longest river.
Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats:
@ Centrally Sponsored Umbrella Scheme of Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats beyond 12th Plan.
@ The Scheme consists of Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Project Tiger (CSS-PT), Development of Wildlife Habitats (CSS-DWH) and Project Elephant (CSS-PE).
@ It will benefit to A total of 18 tiger range States, distributed in five landscapes of the country.
#Pre_2020 #Target_Shots
@ Centrally Sponsored Umbrella Scheme of Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats beyond 12th Plan.
@ The Scheme consists of Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Project Tiger (CSS-PT), Development of Wildlife Habitats (CSS-DWH) and Project Elephant (CSS-PE).
@ It will benefit to A total of 18 tiger range States, distributed in five landscapes of the country.
#Pre_2020 #Target_Shots
Tiger range countries (TRCs)
@ Tiger range countries (TRCs) are those where the big cat roams freely.
@ The 13 tiger range countries include Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
#Pre_2020
@ Tiger range countries (TRCs) are those where the big cat roams freely.
@ The 13 tiger range countries include Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
#Pre_2020
Circadian rhythm:
@ All living organisms on Earth have an internal clock, known as the circadian rhythm, our biological clock also helps regulate eating habits, hormone release, blood pressure and body temperature.
@ A person’s well-being is affected when there is a “temporary mismatch between our external environment and this internal biological clock.” For example, disruption to our clocks when someone travels across a number of time zones results in jet lag.
@ Research on the body clock has helped scientists improve health. Many drugs now on the market work best when taken at the right time.
#Target_Shots #Science
@ All living organisms on Earth have an internal clock, known as the circadian rhythm, our biological clock also helps regulate eating habits, hormone release, blood pressure and body temperature.
@ A person’s well-being is affected when there is a “temporary mismatch between our external environment and this internal biological clock.” For example, disruption to our clocks when someone travels across a number of time zones results in jet lag.
@ Research on the body clock has helped scientists improve health. Many drugs now on the market work best when taken at the right time.
#Target_Shots #Science
Demutualisation of a Stock Exchange means that the stock¬ brokers owned Stock Exchange is made public owned Stock Exchange.
Converting securities from paper format to electronic format is called Dematerialisation
#target_shots
#last_400 seats
#economy
Converting securities from paper format to electronic format is called Dematerialisation
#target_shots
#last_400 seats
#economy
-Proportional Taxation - Tax is levied as a percentage of tax base irrespective
of size of tax base, at a uniform rate.
-Progressive Taxation - Tax rate increases with the increase in size of
tax base. Here, percentage of tax rate as well as the absolute amount of tax increases with increase in size of tax base.
- Regressive Taxation - Tax rate decreases with the increase in size of tax base. Here, the percentage of tax rate decreases, but the absolute amount of tax increases with tax base.
#target_shots
#upsc
#LAST500 SHOTS REMAINING
REGISTER AT:-
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of size of tax base, at a uniform rate.
-Progressive Taxation - Tax rate increases with the increase in size of
tax base. Here, percentage of tax rate as well as the absolute amount of tax increases with increase in size of tax base.
- Regressive Taxation - Tax rate decreases with the increase in size of tax base. Here, the percentage of tax rate decreases, but the absolute amount of tax increases with tax base.
#target_shots
#upsc
#LAST500 SHOTS REMAINING
REGISTER AT:-
https://rzp.io/l/occ2lp3
We have reduced prices of all our courses to fight CORONA VIRUS.
PREPARE @ HOME
Most courses at 999/- TARGET UPSC
Subjects UPSC PRELIMS 2020
1)Indian polity
2)Indian economy
3)Ancient history
4)Modern India
5)Geography
6)Art and culture
7)Environment
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• Subjects are taught by experts and UPSC toppers
• Topics are covered in a comprehensive manner
• Emphasis on inter-linkages of the topics.
• Focus is given on to the point approach of teaching
• Logical building of conceptual clarity required to tackle UPSC prelims paper
• Related Current affairs is linked with static syllabus
• Bird eye view on UPSC papers and its trend in recent years
Enrol @ http://bit.ly/3b3TvoR
PREPARE @ HOME
Most courses at 999/- TARGET UPSC
Subjects UPSC PRELIMS 2020
1)Indian polity
2)Indian economy
3)Ancient history
4)Modern India
5)Geography
6)Art and culture
7)Environment
FEATURES
• Subjects are taught by experts and UPSC toppers
• Topics are covered in a comprehensive manner
• Emphasis on inter-linkages of the topics.
• Focus is given on to the point approach of teaching
• Logical building of conceptual clarity required to tackle UPSC prelims paper
• Related Current affairs is linked with static syllabus
• Bird eye view on UPSC papers and its trend in recent years
Enrol @ http://bit.ly/3b3TvoR
Neostencil
Target UPSC
Target UPSC is founded by UPSC TOPPERS aimed at giving exam oriented guidance and teaching to students with a focus on quality. Its the only institute where selected students teach for the whole course. Focused, Comprehensive and intensive interactive way…
Target UPSC by Dr.Sudarshan Lodha pinned «We have reduced prices of all our courses to fight CORONA VIRUS. PREPARE @ HOME Most courses at 999/- TARGET UPSC Subjects UPSC PRELIMS 2020 1)Indian polity 2)Indian economy 3)Ancient history 4)Modern India 5)Geography 6)Art and culture 7)Environment…»
The Zamindari system
- Zamindari System (also known as Permanent Settlement System) was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement Act.
- It was introduced in provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi. Zamindars were recognized as owner of the lands.
- Zamindars were given the rights to collect the rent from the peasants.
-The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11th of the share belonged to Zamindars and 10/11th of the share belonged to East India Company
The Mahalwari system
-Mahalwari system was introduced in 1833 during the period of William Bentick.
- It was introduced in Central Province, North-West Frontier, Agra, Punjab, Gangetic Valley, etc. of British India.
- The Mahalwari system included many provisions of both the Zamindari System and Ryotwari System.
- In this system, the land was divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more villages.
- Ownership rights were vested with the peasants.
-The villages committee was held responsible for collection of the taxes.
The Ryotwari system
- Here, individual cultivator was supposed to pay the rent directly to the government without any intermediary. It was prevalent in parts of Madras, Bombay province and Assam.
- In practice, however, all three types of system had taken the features of each other. .The picture that emerged at independence was that of exploitation of agricultural labourers at the hands of landlords, exorbitant rents, lack of incentive for technological progress and rigid system of land transfer across the country.
#target_shots
#upsc
#LAST_398 SHOTS REMAINING
REGISTER AT:-
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- Zamindari System (also known as Permanent Settlement System) was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement Act.
- It was introduced in provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi. Zamindars were recognized as owner of the lands.
- Zamindars were given the rights to collect the rent from the peasants.
-The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11th of the share belonged to Zamindars and 10/11th of the share belonged to East India Company
The Mahalwari system
-Mahalwari system was introduced in 1833 during the period of William Bentick.
- It was introduced in Central Province, North-West Frontier, Agra, Punjab, Gangetic Valley, etc. of British India.
- The Mahalwari system included many provisions of both the Zamindari System and Ryotwari System.
- In this system, the land was divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more villages.
- Ownership rights were vested with the peasants.
-The villages committee was held responsible for collection of the taxes.
The Ryotwari system
- Here, individual cultivator was supposed to pay the rent directly to the government without any intermediary. It was prevalent in parts of Madras, Bombay province and Assam.
- In practice, however, all three types of system had taken the features of each other. .The picture that emerged at independence was that of exploitation of agricultural labourers at the hands of landlords, exorbitant rents, lack of incentive for technological progress and rigid system of land transfer across the country.
#target_shots
#upsc
#LAST_398 SHOTS REMAINING
REGISTER AT:-
https://rzp.io/l/occ2lp3
Index of Industrial Production
The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is an index that shows the growth rates in different industry groups of the economy in a fixed period of time.
It is compiled and published monthly by the Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
IIP is a composite indicator that measures the growth rate of industry groups classified under:
Broad sectors, namely, Mining, Manufacturing, and Electricity.
Use-based sectors, namely Basic Goods, Capital Goods, and Intermediate Goods.
Base Year for IIP is 2011-2012.
The eight core industries of India represent about 40% of the weight of items that are included in the IIP.
Significance of IIP :
IIP is the only measure on the physical volume of production.
It is used by government agencies including the Ministry of Finance, the Reserve Bank of India, etc, for policy-making purposes.
IIP remains extremely relevant for the calculation of the quarterly and advance GDP estimates.
The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is an index that shows the growth rates in different industry groups of the economy in a fixed period of time.
It is compiled and published monthly by the Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
IIP is a composite indicator that measures the growth rate of industry groups classified under:
Broad sectors, namely, Mining, Manufacturing, and Electricity.
Use-based sectors, namely Basic Goods, Capital Goods, and Intermediate Goods.
Base Year for IIP is 2011-2012.
The eight core industries of India represent about 40% of the weight of items that are included in the IIP.
Significance of IIP :
IIP is the only measure on the physical volume of production.
It is used by government agencies including the Ministry of Finance, the Reserve Bank of India, etc, for policy-making purposes.
IIP remains extremely relevant for the calculation of the quarterly and advance GDP estimates.
The Global Study on Homicide 2019
- Published by UNODC
-Asia with aroun 60% of global population recorded less killings compared to America with highest homicide rate as per the UN report.
- Published by UNODC
-Asia with aroun 60% of global population recorded less killings compared to America with highest homicide rate as per the UN report.