El-Sheikh Declaration

Conference of the Parties (COP-14) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was held, adopting Sharm El-Sheikh Declaration.

Highlight of COP-14 Adoption of Sharm El-Sheikh Declaration on Investing in Biodiversity for People and Planet

Governments commit to mainstream biodiversity through, integrating biodiversity values in legislative and policy
frameworks, and development and finance plans

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Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI)
•It is a multilateral partnership of six countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste).
•Coral Triangle It is a vast ocean expense that geographically spreads across 6 countries in Asia and the Pacific: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Timor Leste.

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Oil Spill in Mauritius

◆Blue Bay Marine Park: It is designated as a Wetland of International Importance by Ramsar Convention.
◆The presence of coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass meadows, and macro algae make it an ecologically sensitive zone.
◆International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution, 2001, the owners of vessels are responsible for damage caused by oil leaks.

◆This convention, also known as BUNKER convention, came into force in 2008 and is administered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

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MESOPHOTIC CORALS

A Mesophotic coral reef (meso meaning middle and photic meaning light) is characterized by the presence of both light dependent coral and algae, and organisms that can be found in water with low light penetration

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Coral Reefs
◆Coral reefs are large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called coral
◆corals have a symbiotic relationship with an algae called the zooxanthellae
◆Known as the rainforests of the sea" for their biodiversity,


◆FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS FOR FORMATION OF CORAL REEF:

1.Warm tropical oceans with minimum temperature of 20 degree (30 degree north and 25 degree south latitudes)
2.Oceanic water free of sedimentation;
3.Transparent parts of ocean bodies;
4.Relatively low salinity ocean bodies

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6th Global Environment Outlook (GEO)

Published by: UN Environment Programme (UNEP)

#Environment report

World Air Quality Report 2019

Published by: Pollution tracker IQAir and Greenpeace

Bangladesh is the most polluted country

India is the 5th most polluted country

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State of the Global Climate Report 2019

Published by: World Meteorological Organization

#Environment report

Climate Change and Land

Published by: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

#Environment report

Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Published by: UN’s Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).

Key global threats:

◆overexploitation of land and sea resources,
◆illegal poaching,
◆deforestation,
◆plastic waste,
◆fossil fuel emissions and climate change.

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🔺The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)


-The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) is a worldwide system established by the World Meteorological Organization – a United Nations agency – to monitor trends in the Earth's atmosphere.


- The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme of WMO focuses on building a single coordinated global understanding of atmospheric composition, its change, and helps to improve the understanding of interactions between the atmosphere, the oceans and the biosphere.

#Target_Shots
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The Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS)

-is a network of 83 central banks and financial supervisors that aims to accelerate the scaling up of green finance and develop recommendations for central banks' role for climate change

- RBI joined it.

-HQ - Paris , France

#Target_Shots
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#Biodiversity

🔹Two new Ramsar sites added🔹

☑️India now has 49 Ramsar Sites

📌Khijadia wildlife Sanctuary

— Freshwater wetland near the coast of the Gulf of Kutch (Gujarat).

—Habitat for endangered Pallas's fish-eagle, vulnerable common pochard, Dalmatian pelican, greylag goose, and common crane.

📌Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary

—A freshwater marsh in the Sant Kabir Nagar district in Utter Pradesh

—It is an eco-sensitive zone protected under the Wildlife Protection Act (1972)

—Habitat for endangered Egyptian vulture, vulnerable greater spotted eagle, common pochard, wamp francolin, woolly-necked stork.

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#Government_initiative

☘️National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS)
● It is a Central Sector Scheme of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

Objective:

● Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology for Inventorization, Assessment and Monitoring of country's natural resources.

● Major achievements:

-- Development of knowledge-based decision tool.
--Monitoring of Snow and Glaciers of Himalayan Region.
-- Desertification Status Mapping.
-- Application of Remote Sensing for Integrated Land use, Water and Energy Management etc.

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