➕Poverty (Pre - Mains Linkages)

✅Prelims
Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023
-by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) -

✅Data for Mains

-Total Number of Poor People in India: Over 230 million people are living in poverty.
-Vulnerability: As defined by the UNDP, 18.7% of India's population is vulnerable, having deprivations in 20 - 33.3% of all weighted indicators.
-Reduction in Poverty: Approximately 415 million Indians escaped poverty between 2005-06 and 2019-21.
-Decline in Poverty Incidence: The incidence of poverty in India decreased significantly, from 55.1% in 2005/2006 to 16.4% in 2019/2021.
-Progress in Deprivation Indicators: India has shown significant improvement in Health, Education, and Standard of Living.
-Rural Poverty: 84% of all poor people in India reside in rural areas.


✅Quotes / Essay
"Poverty is not just a lack of money; it is not having the capability to realize one's full potential as a human being." - Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate in Economics

"Poverty is the worst form of violence." M.Gandhiji

"Poverty anywhere is a threat to Prosperity everywhere." - ILO (input from Koushal T)

Day 4
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📌TAX Data

✅Prelims
1) Laffer Curve:

- There is an optimal tax rate that maximizes government revenue,
- Further increases in tax rates beyond optimal tax rate may decrease revenue due to the disincentivizing effects on economic activity.

2)Tax to GDP Ratio

-Goss tax-to-GDP ratio of the Central Government: 11.5% of GDP
-India’s total taxes (Centre + States) stood at its new high: 18% of GDP .


✅Mains

1) Total No. of Income Tax Returns (ITRs) filed by individuals:

-Risen from 3.36 crore (2013-14) to 6.37 crore (2021-22).
-ITR filings for Assessment Year 2023-24 crossed a record 7.65 crore by October 31.

2) Zero Tax Payers

-51.6 million reported zero tax liability, showed the data( 70% of all tax return filers)

3) Flow Chart

-Low Tax to GDP -->Poor Services --> Poor Attitude to Pay Tax ---> Tax Evasion

4) Essay
American Revolution: "No Taxation Without Representation"
Contemporary India: "Representation Without Taxation"


Day 5
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