#Arthashastra 5
🔹Bond
Is an instrument to borrow money. A bond could be issued by a country’s government or by a company to raise funds.
🔹Coupon Rate
It is the rate of interest paid by bond issuers on the bond's face value.
🔹Bond Yield
Bond yield is the return an investor realizes on a bond. The mathematical formula for calculating yield is the annual coupon rate divided by the current market price of the bond
🔹Relationship between bond prices and bond yields
There is an inverse relationship between bond prices and bond yields. If the bond prices fall, the yield rises and vice-versa.
🔹What is yield inversion ?
Yield inversion happens when the yield on a longer tenure bond becomes less than the yield for a shorter tenure bond.
🔹What is a yield curve ?
A yield curve is a graphical representation of yields for bonds (with an equal credit rating) over different time horizons.
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🔹Bond
Is an instrument to borrow money. A bond could be issued by a country’s government or by a company to raise funds.
🔹Coupon Rate
It is the rate of interest paid by bond issuers on the bond's face value.
🔹Bond Yield
Bond yield is the return an investor realizes on a bond. The mathematical formula for calculating yield is the annual coupon rate divided by the current market price of the bond
🔹Relationship between bond prices and bond yields
There is an inverse relationship between bond prices and bond yields. If the bond prices fall, the yield rises and vice-versa.
🔹What is yield inversion ?
Yield inversion happens when the yield on a longer tenure bond becomes less than the yield for a shorter tenure bond.
🔹What is a yield curve ?
A yield curve is a graphical representation of yields for bonds (with an equal credit rating) over different time horizons.
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Last 65 Seats @offer
#Arthashastra 6 (Current + Static)
Do you Know This?🔥
🔺Green GDP
-Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) is an index of economic growth which factors in the environmental consequences of the growth.
-From the final value of goods and services produced, the cost of ecological degradation is deducted to arrive at Green GDP
🔹Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services
- WAVES is a World Bank-led global partnership.
- aims to promote sustainable development by ensuring that natural resources are mainstreamed in development planning and national economic accounts.
-WAVES is now part of the broader World Bank umbrella initiative, the Global Program for Sustainability (GPS).
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Do you Know This?🔥
🔺Green GDP
-Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) is an index of economic growth which factors in the environmental consequences of the growth.
-From the final value of goods and services produced, the cost of ecological degradation is deducted to arrive at Green GDP
🔹Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services
- WAVES is a World Bank-led global partnership.
- aims to promote sustainable development by ensuring that natural resources are mainstreamed in development planning and national economic accounts.
-WAVES is now part of the broader World Bank umbrella initiative, the Global Program for Sustainability (GPS).
Enroll - https://targetupsc.in/courses/detail/76
Cover Economy Comprehensively
🔺Capital conservation buffer (CCB)
#Arthashastra 7
-Introduced under the international Basel III norms.
-The concept says that during good times, banks must build up a capital buffer that can be drawn from when there is stress.
-In simple terms, this is savings for the future as this capital can be drawn when a bank is incurring losses.
-Since it is a buffer, or extra capital, banks’ minimum capital is not violated.
-It was introduced after the 2008 global financial crisis to improve the ability of banks to withstand adverse economic conditions
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Cover Economy Comprehensively
#Arthashastra 7
-Introduced under the international Basel III norms.
-The concept says that during good times, banks must build up a capital buffer that can be drawn from when there is stress.
-In simple terms, this is savings for the future as this capital can be drawn when a bank is incurring losses.
-Since it is a buffer, or extra capital, banks’ minimum capital is not violated.
-It was introduced after the 2008 global financial crisis to improve the ability of banks to withstand adverse economic conditions
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Cover Economy Comprehensively
#Arthashastra - 8
🔺D SIB - Domestic Systemically Important Banks - RBI
- It means that the bank is too big to fail. These banks become systemically important due to their size, cross-jurisdictional activities, complexity and lack of substitute and interconnection.
- Banks whose assets exceed 2% of GDP are considered part of this group.
- The too-big-to-fail tag also indicates that in case of distress, the government is expected to support these banks.
- Banks under D-SIB are required to maintain higher share of risk-weighted assets as tier-I equity.
- Currently, SBI, ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank are named as D-SIB.
🔺Global Systemically Important Banks - by FSB (Financial Stability Board)
🔺Systemically important NBFCs
-NBFCs whose asset size is of ₹ 500 cr or more are considered as systemically important NBFCs. Example. Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFCL), Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (RECL), IL&FS, etc.
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Cover Economy Comprehensively
Current _ Static Linkages Covered No where
🔺D SIB - Domestic Systemically Important Banks - RBI
- It means that the bank is too big to fail. These banks become systemically important due to their size, cross-jurisdictional activities, complexity and lack of substitute and interconnection.
- Banks whose assets exceed 2% of GDP are considered part of this group.
- The too-big-to-fail tag also indicates that in case of distress, the government is expected to support these banks.
- Banks under D-SIB are required to maintain higher share of risk-weighted assets as tier-I equity.
- Currently, SBI, ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank are named as D-SIB.
🔺Global Systemically Important Banks - by FSB (Financial Stability Board)
🔺Systemically important NBFCs
-NBFCs whose asset size is of ₹ 500 cr or more are considered as systemically important NBFCs. Example. Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFCL), Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (RECL), IL&FS, etc.
Enroll - https://targetupsc.in/courses/detail/76
Cover Economy Comprehensively
Current _ Static Linkages Covered No where
🔺Compulsory Licensing
Compulsory Licensing (CL) allows governments to license third parties (that is, parties other than the patent holders) to produce and market a patented product or process without the consent of patent owners.
Any time after three years from date of sealing of a patent, application for compulsory license can be made, provided:
-Reasonable requirements of public have not been satisfied;
-Patented invention is not available to public at a reasonably affordable price;
-Patented inventions are not carried out in India.
Compulsory Licencing is regulated under the Indian Patent Act, 1970.
🔺Section 3(d) of the Indian Patent Act 1970 (as amended in 2005) does not allow patent to be granted to inventions involving new forms of a known substance unless it differs significantly in properties with regard to efficacy.
This means that the Indian Patent Act does not allow evergreening of patents.
#Target_Shots
#Arthashastra
Compulsory Licensing (CL) allows governments to license third parties (that is, parties other than the patent holders) to produce and market a patented product or process without the consent of patent owners.
Any time after three years from date of sealing of a patent, application for compulsory license can be made, provided:
-Reasonable requirements of public have not been satisfied;
-Patented invention is not available to public at a reasonably affordable price;
-Patented inventions are not carried out in India.
Compulsory Licencing is regulated under the Indian Patent Act, 1970.
🔺Section 3(d) of the Indian Patent Act 1970 (as amended in 2005) does not allow patent to be granted to inventions involving new forms of a known substance unless it differs significantly in properties with regard to efficacy.
This means that the Indian Patent Act does not allow evergreening of patents.
#Target_Shots
#Arthashastra
🔺AT1 Bonds - In News - Target SHOTS
◾️ AT-1, short for Additional Tier-1 bonds, are a type of unsecured, perpetual bonds that banks issue to shore up their core capital base to meet the Basel-III norms.
◾️ AT-1 bonds are complex hybrid instruments, ideally meant for institutions and smart investors who can decipher their terms and assess if their higher rates compensate for their higher risks.
◾️ They carry a face value of ₹10 lakh per bond.
◾️ There are two routes through which retail folk have acquired these bonds — initial private placement offers of AT-1 bonds by banks seeking to raise money; or secondary market buys of already-traded AT-1 bonds based on recommendations from brokers.
#Arthashastra 9
◾️ AT-1, short for Additional Tier-1 bonds, are a type of unsecured, perpetual bonds that banks issue to shore up their core capital base to meet the Basel-III norms.
◾️ AT-1 bonds are complex hybrid instruments, ideally meant for institutions and smart investors who can decipher their terms and assess if their higher rates compensate for their higher risks.
◾️ They carry a face value of ₹10 lakh per bond.
◾️ There are two routes through which retail folk have acquired these bonds — initial private placement offers of AT-1 bonds by banks seeking to raise money; or secondary market buys of already-traded AT-1 bonds based on recommendations from brokers.
#Arthashastra 9
🔺Gross Fixed Capital Formation
-Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) refers to the net increase in physical assets (investment minus disposals). It does not account for the consumption (depreciation) of fixed capital.
-It is a component of expenditure approach to calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
-GFCF is not a measure of total investment, because only the value of net additions to fixed assets is measured, and all kinds of financial assets, as well as stocks of inventories and other operating costs are excluded.
#Arthashastra 10
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Cover Economy Comprehensively
Current _ Static Linkages Covered No where
-Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) refers to the net increase in physical assets (investment minus disposals). It does not account for the consumption (depreciation) of fixed capital.
-It is a component of expenditure approach to calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
-GFCF is not a measure of total investment, because only the value of net additions to fixed assets is measured, and all kinds of financial assets, as well as stocks of inventories and other operating costs are excluded.
#Arthashastra 10
Enroll - https://targetupsc.in/courses/detail/76
Cover Economy Comprehensively
Current _ Static Linkages Covered No where
#arthashastra #Review Enroll - https://targetupsc.in/courses/detail/76
Cover Economy Comprehensively
Current _ Static Linkages Covered No where
Cover Economy Comprehensively
Current _ Static Linkages Covered No where
🔺Gross Fixed Capital Formation
-Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) refers to the net increase in physical assets (investment minus disposals). It does not account for the consumption (depreciation) of fixed capital.
-It is a component of expenditure approach to calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
-GFCF is not a measure of total investment, because only the value of net additions to fixed assets is measured, and all kinds of financial assets, as well as stocks of inventories and other operating costs are excluded.
#Arthashastra
-Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) refers to the net increase in physical assets (investment minus disposals). It does not account for the consumption (depreciation) of fixed capital.
-It is a component of expenditure approach to calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
-GFCF is not a measure of total investment, because only the value of net additions to fixed assets is measured, and all kinds of financial assets, as well as stocks of inventories and other operating costs are excluded.
#Arthashastra
🔥Trade Facilitation:
-With an aim to reduce the trade barriers caused by inefficient and overly burdensome regulatory administrative procedures, the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), negotiated at the WTO, came into force in 2017.
-A National Committee on Trade Facilitation (NCTF) was, accordingly, constituted in India with the Cabinet Secretary as the Chair.
-A National Trade Facilitation Action Plan (NTFAP) for 2017-2020, containing specific
activities to further ease out the bottlenecks to the trade, was prepared.
#Arthashastra
#Economy
-With an aim to reduce the trade barriers caused by inefficient and overly burdensome regulatory administrative procedures, the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), negotiated at the WTO, came into force in 2017.
-A National Committee on Trade Facilitation (NCTF) was, accordingly, constituted in India with the Cabinet Secretary as the Chair.
-A National Trade Facilitation Action Plan (NTFAP) for 2017-2020, containing specific
activities to further ease out the bottlenecks to the trade, was prepared.
#Arthashastra
#Economy
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