Combined Biology, Unit 5:Nutrition in Humans

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Combined History Notes: everything in a nutshell

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Combined Chemistry: Unit 12, Organic chemistry

(a subbie found a mistake, so here’s the edited version!! THANK YOU🫶🏻🫶🏻)

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Combined Chemistry: Unit 11, Air

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i also have some bio practical notes here,, mainly focuses on combined bio, but i do believe there are some pure bio content inside too!!

and some pure chem & combined chem notes here and QA notes here

Combined Biology common topics:

Osmosis (required waiting time)
- plant tissue commonly used are potato & onion rings
- describe:
1. condition of cells
2. texture of cells
3. solution in which plants are immersed

1. condition of cells
turgid/ hard
- immersed in distilled water/ solution of higher concentration than potato cell sap
flaccid/ soft
- immersed in concentrated salt/ sugar solution OR solution of lower water concentration than potato cell sap

2. texture of cells
rough
- immersed in distilled water/ solution of higher water concentration than potato cell sap
smooth
- immersed in concentrated salt/ sugar solution OR solution of lower water concentration than potato cell sap

3. solution in which plant tissues are immersed
- distilled water
- dilute salt/ sugar solution
- concentrated salt/ sugar solution

recordings of change in length of plant tissue
- record in the units (mm or cm) indicated in question
- record ti the required number of decimal places indicated in question
- indicate whether it is a positive of negative change in length

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Food Tests
- if you’re testing for reducing sugar, set up water-bath first (usually water is pre-heated for you, just bring to a boil)

If sample to get tested is in solid form (benedict’s test and biuret test);

crush/ cut sample given
- break up cells & release nutrients stored in cells
- increase surface area of food materials to react with reagents

add distilled water, equal volume to food sample
- to dissolve our nutrients from cells
- to make a concentrated solution of nutrients stored in cells

*MAKE SURE YOU MEMORISE THE FOOD TESTS, METHODS AND STEPS AH*

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common topics tested:
- osmosis
- food tests
- enzymes
- photosynthesis
- respiration
- transport in plants
- reproduction in plants

other topics pt 2:
- eye
- inheritance
- digestion in man
- hormones

unlikely topics tested (but still might come out):
- ecology
- nervous system
- transport in man
- microorganisms/ biotechnology
- reproduction in man

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cross section of stem

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