FDA approves first automated #insulin delivery device for type 1 #diabetes

http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm522974.htm

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Medtronic’s MiniMed 670G hybrid closed looped system, the first FDA-approved device that is intended to automatically monitor glucose (sugar) and provide appropriate basal insulin doses in people 14 years of age and older with type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes Technology—Continuous Subcutaneous #Insulin Infusion Therapy and Continuous #Glucose Monitoring in Adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

http://press.endocrine.org/doi/10.1210/jc.2016-2534

Conclusions:
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous glucose monitoring have an important role in the treatment of diabetes. Data from randomized controlled trials are limited on the use of medical devices, but existing studies support the use of diabetes technology for a wide variety of indications. This guideline presents a review of the literature and practice recommendations for appropriate device use.

#High-Protein Intake during Weight Loss Therapy Eliminates the Weight-Loss-Induced Improvement in #Insulin Action in Obese Postmenopausal Women

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124716312864?via%3Dihub
However, HP intake also prevented the WL-induced improvements in muscle insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as the WL-induced adaptations in oxidative stress and cell structural biology pathways.

#INSULIN RESISTANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH SMALLER CORTICAL #BONE SIZE IN NON-DIABETIC MEN AT THE AGE OF PEAK BONE MASS

http://press.endocrine.org/doi/10.1210/jc.2016-3609

In this cohort of non-diabetic men at the age of peak bone mass, insulin resistance is inversely associated with trabecular and cortical bone size. These associations persist after adjustment for body composition, muscle size or function, or sex steroid levels, suggesting an independent effect of insulin resistance on bone geometry.

Acute dietary #fat intake initiates alterations in energy metabolism and #insulin resistance

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/89444

CONCLUSION. Saturated fat ingestion rapidly increases hepatic lipid storage, energy metabolism, and insulin resistance. This is accompanied by regulation of hepatic gene expression and signaling that may contribute to development of NAFLD.

Longitudinal Associations Between Ambient Air #Pollution with #Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Adiposity in Los Angeles Latino Children

http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2017/01/27/db16-1416

Higher NO2 and PM2.5 were associated with a faster decline in SI and a lower insulin sensitivity (SI) at age 18 independent of adiposity. NO2 exposure negatively affected β-cell function evidenced by a faster decline in disposition index (DI) and a lower DI at age 18. Higher NO2 and PM2.5 exposures over follow-up were also associated with a higher BMI at age 18. AAP exposure may contribute to development of type 2 diabetes through direct effects on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.

Associations of #lipid parameters with #insulin resistance and diabetes: A population-based study
http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(17)30229-7/fulltext

A dramatic gap exists between the clinical practice and guidelines for the dyslipidemia control in patients with diabetes. It is still uncertain which routinely available lipid measure is more applicable in estimation of insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control. The present study aims to investigate associations of routine lipid profiles with insulin resistance and diabetes, respectively.

Participants with insulin resistance or diabetes presented with significantly higher triglycerides (TG), Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), Non-HDL-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C and lower HDL-C when compared with control subjects (all P < 0.0001). Such lipid measures were significantly correlated with fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2 h glucose and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis (all P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Our study suggests a discordant association of lipid parameters with blood glucose level and TG/HDL-C is a better marker for evaluating insulin resistance and diabetes in Chinese population when compared with other routine lipid measures.

Ten-year #weight gain is associated with elevated fasting #insulin levels and precedes glucose elevation

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dmrr.2986/full


Average weight change over a 10-year period was higher in individuals with elevated insulin levels compared to the first quartile (1.40 lbs. vs. 11.12 lbs, p<0.0001). Across all groups a 1 μU increase in fasting insulin levels resulted in a 0.52-pound increase in weight (p<0.0001). Similarly, an increase in HOMA-IR was associated with increase in weight (1.32 lbs per IR unit, p<0.0001). Marginal increases in weight were most pronounced in the normal insulin groups compared to elevated insulin groups and diminished as glycemic stage progressed


Conclusion

Elevated fasting insulin level was positively associated with weight gain. The impact of fasting insulin and insulin resistance on weight gain preceded hyperglycemia and diminished as glycemic stage progressed

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Assessment of Self-monitoring of Blood #Glucose in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Not Using #Insulin

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2717953

One recommendation is “avoid routine multiple daily self-glucose monitoring in adults with stable type 2 diabetes on agents that do not cause hypoglycemia.”1 This recommendation is based on robust evidence, including a Cochrane review of 12 randomized clinical trials with more than 3000 patients, showing no statistical difference between patients who do not self-monitor their blood glucose multiple times per day and those who do self-monitor their blood glucose multiple times per day in glycemic control, nor evidence of effects on health-related quality of life, patient satisfaction, or decreased number of hypoglycemic episodes.2

The aim of this study was to quantify the rate of use and cost of self-monitoring blood glucose supplies that are potentially used inappropriately, specifically focusing on test strips, the most costly supply for regular blood glucose monitoring

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Clinical Features of Non-obese, Apparently Healthy Japanese Men with Reduced #Adipose Tissue #Insulin Sensitivity

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1210/jc.2018-02190/5298594?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Adipose tissue insulin resistance is observed in obese subjects and is considered an early metabolic defect preceding insulin resistance in muscle and liver. While Asians readily develop metabolic disease without obesity, the clinical features of non-obese, apparently healthy Asians with reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (ATIS) have not been elucidated.

Based on the median ATIS value, subjects were divided into low- and high-FFA suppression groups. The low-FFA suppression group had moderate fat accumulation in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver. Compared with the high-FFA group, they also had a lower fitness level, decreased insulin clearance, impaired insulin sensitivity in muscle, moderately elevated triglycerides, and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. All these factors were significantly correlated with ATIS. Hepatic insulin sensitivity was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions
In non-obese, apparently healthy Japanese men, reduced ATIS was associated with moderate fat accumulation in subcutaneous fat and liver, lower insulin clearance, muscle insulin resistance, and moderate lipidemia. These data suggest that reduced ATIS may occur early in the development of metabolic syndrome, even in non-obese, apparently healthy men.

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Effects of 6-month vitamin #D supplementation on #insulin sensitivity and secretion: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/aop/eje-19-0156.xml

This single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 96 participants at high risk of diabetes or with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to vitamin D3 5,000 IU daily or placebo for 6 months

..At 6 months, mean 25(OH)D reached 127.6±26.3 nmol/L and 51.8±16.5 nmol/L in the treatment and placebo groups, respectively (p<0.001). A significant beneficial effect of vitamin D3 compared with placebo was observed on M-value (mean change (95% CI): 0.92 (0.24 to 1.59) versus -0.03 (-0.73 to 0.67); p=0.009) and disposition index (mean change (95% CI): 267.0 (-343.4 to 877.4) versus -55.5 (-696.3 to 585.3); p=0.039) after 6 months. No effect was seen on other outcomes.

Conclusions: In individuals at high risk of diabetes or with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, vitamin D supplementation for 6 months significantly increased peripheral insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, suggesting that it may slow metabolic deterioration in this population.

Once-Weekly #Insulin for Type 2 #Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment
https://2medical.news/2020/09/26/once-weekly-insulin-for-type-2-diabetes-without-previous-insulin-treatment/

It is thought that a reduction in the frequency of basal insulin injections might facilitate treatment acceptance and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin icodec is a basal insulin analogue designed for once-weekly administration that is in development for the treatment of diabetes We conducted a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, phase 2 trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec …

Intact Fasting #Insulin Identifies Nonalcoholic Fatty #Liver Disease in Patients Without Diabetes

https://2medical.news/2021/07/10/intact-fasting-insulin-identifies-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-in-patients-without-diabetes/

#Diet-induced #fasting ghrelin elevation reflects the recovery of #insulin sensitivity and visceral adiposity regression

https://2medical.news/2021/10/20/diet-induced-fasting-ghrelin-elevation-reflects-the-recovery-of-insulin-sensitivity-and-visceral-adiposity-regression/

Sex differences in #adipose #insulin resistance are linked to #obesity, lipolysis and insulin receptor substrate 1

https://2medical.news/2024/05/21/sex-differences-in-adipose-insulin-resistance-are-linked-to-obesity-lipolysis-and-insulin-receptor-substrate-1/

Proteomic predictors of individualized nutrient-specific #insulin secretion in #health and #disease

https://2medical.news/2024/07/22/proteomic-predictors-of-individualized-nutrient-specific-insulin-secretion-in-health-and-disease/