The #Adipose Transcriptional Response to Insulin Is Determined by #Obesity, Not Insulin Sensitivity
http://www.cell.com/cell-reports/abstract/S2211-1247(16)31014-2
This study demonstrates that differences in the acute transcriptional response to insulin are primarily driven by obesity per se, challenging the notion of healthy obese adipose tissue, at least in severe obesity.
http://www.cell.com/cell-reports/abstract/S2211-1247(16)31014-2
This study demonstrates that differences in the acute transcriptional response to insulin are primarily driven by obesity per se, challenging the notion of healthy obese adipose tissue, at least in severe obesity.
#MKK6 controls T3-mediated browning of white #adipose tissue
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00948-z
Increasing the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissue to enhance organismal energy expenditure is considered a promising therapeutic strategy to combat obesity. Here, we report that expression of the p38 MAPK activator MKK6 is elevated in white adipose tissue of obese individuals. Using knockout animals and shRNA, we show that Mkk6 deletion increases energy expenditure and thermogenic capacity of white adipose tissue, protecting mice against diet-induced obesity and the development of diabetes. Deletion of Mkk6 increases T3-stimulated UCP1 expression in adipocytes, thereby increasing their thermogenic capacity. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that, in white adipose tissue, p38 is activated by an alternative pathway involving AMPK, TAK, and TAB.
Our results identify MKK6 in adipocytes as a potential therapeutic target to reduce obesity.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00948-z
Increasing the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissue to enhance organismal energy expenditure is considered a promising therapeutic strategy to combat obesity. Here, we report that expression of the p38 MAPK activator MKK6 is elevated in white adipose tissue of obese individuals. Using knockout animals and shRNA, we show that Mkk6 deletion increases energy expenditure and thermogenic capacity of white adipose tissue, protecting mice against diet-induced obesity and the development of diabetes. Deletion of Mkk6 increases T3-stimulated UCP1 expression in adipocytes, thereby increasing their thermogenic capacity. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that, in white adipose tissue, p38 is activated by an alternative pathway involving AMPK, TAK, and TAB.
Our results identify MKK6 in adipocytes as a potential therapeutic target to reduce obesity.
Nature
MKK6 controls T3-mediated browning of white adipose tissue
Nature Communications - Brown and beige adipose tissues dissipate heat via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Here the authors show that the stress activated kinase MKK6 acts as a repressor of UCP1...
!!
Clinical Features of Non-obese, Apparently Healthy Japanese Men with Reduced #Adipose Tissue #Insulin Sensitivity
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1210/jc.2018-02190/5298594?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Adipose tissue insulin resistance is observed in obese subjects and is considered an early metabolic defect preceding insulin resistance in muscle and liver. While Asians readily develop metabolic disease without obesity, the clinical features of non-obese, apparently healthy Asians with reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (ATIS) have not been elucidated.
Based on the median ATIS value, subjects were divided into low- and high-FFA suppression groups. The low-FFA suppression group had moderate fat accumulation in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver. Compared with the high-FFA group, they also had a lower fitness level, decreased insulin clearance, impaired insulin sensitivity in muscle, moderately elevated triglycerides, and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. All these factors were significantly correlated with ATIS. Hepatic insulin sensitivity was comparable between the two groups.
Conclusions
In non-obese, apparently healthy Japanese men, reduced ATIS was associated with moderate fat accumulation in subcutaneous fat and liver, lower insulin clearance, muscle insulin resistance, and moderate lipidemia. These data suggest that reduced ATIS may occur early in the development of metabolic syndrome, even in non-obese, apparently healthy men.
Clinical Features of Non-obese, Apparently Healthy Japanese Men with Reduced #Adipose Tissue #Insulin Sensitivity
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1210/jc.2018-02190/5298594?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Adipose tissue insulin resistance is observed in obese subjects and is considered an early metabolic defect preceding insulin resistance in muscle and liver. While Asians readily develop metabolic disease without obesity, the clinical features of non-obese, apparently healthy Asians with reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (ATIS) have not been elucidated.
Based on the median ATIS value, subjects were divided into low- and high-FFA suppression groups. The low-FFA suppression group had moderate fat accumulation in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver. Compared with the high-FFA group, they also had a lower fitness level, decreased insulin clearance, impaired insulin sensitivity in muscle, moderately elevated triglycerides, and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. All these factors were significantly correlated with ATIS. Hepatic insulin sensitivity was comparable between the two groups.
Conclusions
In non-obese, apparently healthy Japanese men, reduced ATIS was associated with moderate fat accumulation in subcutaneous fat and liver, lower insulin clearance, muscle insulin resistance, and moderate lipidemia. These data suggest that reduced ATIS may occur early in the development of metabolic syndrome, even in non-obese, apparently healthy men.
OUP Academic
Clinical Features of Nonobese, Apparently Healthy, Japanese Men With Reduced Adipose Tissue Insulin Sensitivity
Even in nonobese, apparently healthy, Japanese men, reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity was associated with clinical features of metabolic syndrome.
Dynamic changes in DICER levels in #adipose tissue control metabolic adaptations to #exercise
https://2medical.news/2020/12/21/dynamic-changes-in-dicer-levels-in-adipose-tissue-control-metabolic-adaptations-to-exercise/
DICER is a key enzyme in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Here we show that aerobic exercise training up-regulates DICER in adipose tissue of mice and humans. This can be mimicked by infusion of serum from exercised mice into sedentary mice and depends on AMPK-mediated signaling in both muscle and adipocytes. Adipocyte DICER is required for whole-body metabolic adaptations to aerobic exercise training, in part, by allowing …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/21/dynamic-changes-in-dicer-levels-in-adipose-tissue-control-metabolic-adaptations-to-exercise/
DICER is a key enzyme in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Here we show that aerobic exercise training up-regulates DICER in adipose tissue of mice and humans. This can be mimicked by infusion of serum from exercised mice into sedentary mice and depends on AMPK-mediated signaling in both muscle and adipocytes. Adipocyte DICER is required for whole-body metabolic adaptations to aerobic exercise training, in part, by allowing …
#Adipose saturation reduces #lipotoxic systemic inflammation and explains the #obesity paradox
https://2medical.news/2021/02/05/adipose-saturation-reduces-lipotoxic-systemic-inflammation-and-explains-the-obesity-paradox/
Obesity sometimes seems protective in disease. This obesity paradox is predominantly described in reports from the Western Hemisphere during acute illnesses. Since adipose triglyceride composition corresponds to long-term dietary patterns, we performed a meta-analysis modeling the effect of obesity on severity of acute pancreatitis, in the context of dietary patterns of the countries from which the studies originated. Increased severity was noted in leaner populations …
https://2medical.news/2021/02/05/adipose-saturation-reduces-lipotoxic-systemic-inflammation-and-explains-the-obesity-paradox/
Obesity sometimes seems protective in disease. This obesity paradox is predominantly described in reports from the Western Hemisphere during acute illnesses. Since adipose triglyceride composition corresponds to long-term dietary patterns, we performed a meta-analysis modeling the effect of obesity on severity of acute pancreatitis, in the context of dietary patterns of the countries from which the studies originated. Increased severity was noted in leaner populations …
Sex differences in #adipose #insulin resistance are linked to #obesity, lipolysis and insulin receptor substrate 1
https://2medical.news/2024/05/21/sex-differences-in-adipose-insulin-resistance-are-linked-to-obesity-lipolysis-and-insulin-receptor-substrate-1/
https://2medical.news/2024/05/21/sex-differences-in-adipose-insulin-resistance-are-linked-to-obesity-lipolysis-and-insulin-receptor-substrate-1/
2Medical.News
Sex differences in #adipose #insulin resistance are linked to #obesity, lipolysis and insulin receptor substrate 1
Background/ObjectiveInsulin resistance is more prominent in men than women. If this involves adipose tissue is unknown and was presently examined.Subjects/MethodsAdipoIR (in vivo adipose insulin re…