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•Хохлома
[ khakhlama]

🔻Khokhloma is the 'calling card' of all Russian patterns, the most well-known and recognizable both in Russia and abroad.

🔻Historically  khokhloma was a painting on wood - mainly on dishes and kitchen items, as well as on wooden furniture.

🔻Russian wooden spoons painted with khokhloma are especially famous overseas.

🔻The pattern is always painted on a black background with red, green and gold colours. The main khokhloma motifs are berries and herbs, sometimes the pattern featured birds, as well.

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Гжель
  [ gzhel' ]

🔻Gzhel is a type of ceramic handicraft. It comes from the village of Gzhel in Moscow Region, where the special clay has been mined for ages.

🔻Porcelain produced from local clay was appreciated even at the court of Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich. In the 19th century, there were dozens of factories in the area, which produced dishes, stove tiles and other ceramic products, as well as toys in the form of animals.

🔻The technique of gzhel is 'majolica' and it features floral ornaments and all in the brand's blue and white colours.

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Жостово
[ zhostava ]

🔻The painting of forged tin trays in the village of Zhostovo in Moscow Region dates back to 1825.

🔻The craft was imported from the Urals by Demidov family - in Tagil, there was already a successful production of painted trays. The local Zhostovo artists, who already painted miniatures on wooden items, were engaged in the production of these trays.

🔻Masters depict both gardens and flowers. They put a drawing with oil paints in several layers, achieving the three-dimensional image.

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Палехская роспись
  [ palekhskaya rospis' ]

🔻Palekh lacquer miniature is a relatively young folk craft. After the 1917 Revolution, it was taken up by talented artists, former icon painters and masters of temple paintings from the village Palekh in Ivanovo Region.

🔻Artists focused their skills on "ancient painting". They depicted scenes from folk tales and works of literature, using the iconographic techniques.

🔻In the Palekh style, on a black background with bright red and gold colours, artists now paint mostly decorative items: often jewelry caskets or small souvenirs.

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Оренбургский платок
  [a-ren-bur-skiy pla-tok]
  Orengurg shawl

🔻This type of finely knit, down-hair lace shawl originated in the Orenburg area about 250 years ago, in the 18th century. The Orenburg region of Russia is famous for its shawls, known as Orenburg shawls "Orenburgskyi Platok" in Russian.

🔻In the English-speaking world, they are often called "wedding ring shawls" because, although the shawls are quite large, a shawl knit in the traditional fashion is so fine that it can be pulled through a wedding ring.

🔻A quality shawl is knitted from hand-spun yarn: the knitter will spin a strong down hair yarn and then ply it with commercially spun silk thread. It usually takes a month or more to knit a large shawl or a kerchief with a pattern.

🔻Because of the high cost of down hair and yarn, an original hand-made Orenburg shawl is an expensive luxury item.

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🎎Матрёшка (матрёшки)
  [mat-ryosh-ka (mat-ryosh-ki)]

🔻 The name 'матрёшка' came from a Russian female name 'Матрёна' [mat-ryo-na].

🔻Russian Matryoshka dolls became popular in Russia only at the end of the 19th century, however, since then they have become a symbol of Russian culture.

🔻At the end of the 19th century, in the Moscow toy workshop “Children’s Education” the first Russian matryoshka was brought to life by Savva Mamontov who had been inspired by Japanese wooden toys.

🔻The largest Martryoshka doll ever created contained more than 50 pieces, and the smallest one contained only one millimeter piece.

🔻These toys have deep symbolic meaning. They represent unity and connection between people, and also represent the life cycle - birth, growth, aging and death.

🔻These toys are a striking example of how folk art can become part of the cultural heritage and a popular souvenir for tourists.

Video about the history of Matryoshkas.

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Самовар (самовары)
  [sa-ma-var (sa-ma-va-ry)]

🔻This masculine noun literally means 'self-brewer' from само (self) + варить (to boil).

🔻Having become one of the symbols of the Russian world, samovar was not originally invented in Russia. For the first time containers for boiling water  appeared in China, but they did not have a tap for pouring water.

🔻The first samovars appeared in Russia in the late 1730s in the city Tula which became the Russian 'samovar capital'.

🔻This is where the Russian proverb comes from:
Со своим самоваром в Тулу не ездят.
[sa sva-im sa-ma-va-ram f tu-lu ni yez'-dyat]
🇬🇧 You don't bring sand to the beach.

🔻There are also samovars for one glass - they are also called 'egoist'.

🔻For the children of Emperor Nicholas II, in 1909, Tula craftsmen made 5 small (1 glass) samovars.

🔻During Easter week, egg-shaped samovars were placed on the table.

Video: Samovar Museum in Tula

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Лубок
  [lu-bok]

🔻Lubok, the cheap popular print is a Russian folk picture made by means of impression on paper, applied by a wooden printing block.

🔻Sold in the fairs as early as in the XVII century up to the beginning of the XX century, this popular print was considered one of the most mass arts of Rus'.

🔻The subject of the popular prints was quite various: ranging from religious and moral ones from folk epos and fairy tales to historical and medical ones.

🔻Townspeople and peasants willingly bought inexpensive, bright goods - fairy tales and parables, historical and biblical stories, instructive drawings dedicated to vicious addictions such as drunkenness or greed, illustrations for famous folk songs, pictures with pretty young ladies or views of cities.

🔻Nowadays this kind of craft is still alive and even popular in Russia.

Pictures: Marina Rusanova (1-3), Andrey Kuznetzov (4-7), lubok_RU (8-9)

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Why were the houses in the Russian North so huge?

🔻All the houses in this video are authentic 19th-century wooden dwellings, discovered in various Vologda villages.

🔻The harsh climate and long winters demanded resilience and a well-organized way of life, so a unique building style combined living quarters and outbuildings under one roof.

🔻Despite the size, these houses were typically intended for one family.

🔻Подклеть the first level of the house, was used for livestock or storage.

🔻The next level поветь was for storing hay or farm implements.

🔻There was a separate entrance to the поветь from the street, but the living part of the house could be accessed by a covered passage, without going outside, which helped to conserve heat.

🔻The inside of the house is familiar: a stove, a living room, a loft, a women's corner and a red corner.

🔻However, there is one characteristic feature: Northern houses were built without a single nail.

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A Glimpse into Russian Traditional Dress:

🔻Imagine our great-grandmothers adorned in the vibrant, flowing beauty of Russian traditional women's attire.

🔻This striking ensemble was crafted through a harmonious blend of five key elements: рубаха (blouse), сарафан (dress), передник (apron), головной убор (headwear), украшения (ornaments).

🔻Let's enjoy some amazing hand-made details!

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Precious handmade and noble materials in the stained-glass products of the Hrizolit workshop can be seen in Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast.

🔻Besides their primary focus on icon making, they create pieces using the technique of stained glass enamel, carrying on the work of pre-revolutionary masters. 

🔻Russian art, particularly the atmosphere of fairytale and epic Russia, serves as inspiration for the creation of their tableware.

🔻The process of creating of an item is the precious work of several Craftsmen over several weeks.

🔻The artist draws a sketch, the jeweler makes a filigree ornament, the enameler puts the enamels in the cells, the product is repeatedly fired in muffle furnaces at temperatures up to 800°C, it is polished, gilded, and then it is ready to fly to a new home.

Official site: chrysolit.ru

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