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Probiotic Bacillus subtilis Protects against α-Synuclein Aggregation in C. elegans

Recent discoveries have implicated the gut #microbiome in the progression and severity of #Parkinson’s disease; however, how gut bacteria affect such neurodegenerative disorders remains unclear. Here, we report that the Bacillus subtilis probiotic strain PXN21 inhibits α-synuclein aggregation and clears preformed aggregates in an established Caenorhabditis elegans model of synucleinopathy. This protection is seen in young and aging animals and is partly mediated by DAF-16. Multiple B. subtilis strains trigger the protective effect via both spores and vegetative cells, partly due to a biofilm formation in the gut of the worms and the release of bacterial metabolites.

We identify several host metabolic pathways differentially regulated in response to probiotic exposure, including sphingolipid metabolism. We further demonstrate functional roles of the sphingolipid metabolism genes lagr-1, asm-3, and sptl-3 in the anti-aggregation effect. Our findings provide a basis for exploring the disease-modifying potential of B. subtilis as a dietary supplement.

https://bit.ly/2Gm0uMk

Sputum #microbiome profiles identify severe #asthma phenotypes of relative stability at 12-18 months
https://2medical.news/2020/05/03/sputum-microbiome-profiles-identify-severe-asthma-phenotypes-of-relative-stability-at-12-18-months/

..Data were available for 100 severe asthma subjects (median age: 55 yrs, 42% males). Two microbiome-driven clusters were identified, characterized by differences in asthma onset, smoking status, residential locations, percentage of blood and/or sputum neutrophils and macrophages, lung spirometry, and concurrent asthma medications (all p-values <.05). Cluster 2 patients displayed a commensal-deficient bacterial profile which was associated with worse asthma outcomes compared to cluster 1. …

Adverse effects of electronic #cigarettes on the disease-naive oral #microbiome
https://2medical.news/2020/06/01/adverse-effects-of-electronic-cigarettes-on-the-disease-naive-oral-microbiome/

Six percent of Americans, including 3 million high schoolers, use e-cigarettes, which contain potentially toxic substances, volatile organic compounds, and metals. We present the first human study on the effects of e-cigarette exposure in the oral cavity. By interrogating both immunoinflammatory responses and microbial functional dynamics, we discovered pathogen overrepresentation, higher virulence signatures, and a brisk proinflammatory signal in clinically healthy e-cigarette users, equivalent to …

Vitamin #D metabolites and the gut #microbiome in older men
https://2medical.news/2020/12/11/vitamin-d-metabolites-and-the-gut-microbiome-in-older-men/

The vitamin D receptor is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract where it transacts gene expression. With current limited understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiome and vitamin D, we conduct a cross-sectional analysis of 567 older men quantifying serum vitamin D metabolites using LC-MSMS and defining stool sub-Operational Taxonomic Units from16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing data. Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity and non-redundant covariate analyses …

#Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual #diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals
https://2medical.news/2021/01/22/microbiome-connections-with-host-metabolism-and-habitual-diet-from-1098-deeply-phenotyped-individuals/

The gut microbiome is shaped by diet and influences host metabolism; however, these links are complex and can be unique to each individual. We performed deep metagenomic sequencing of 1,203 gut microbiomes from 1,098 individuals enrolled in the Personalised Responses to Dietary Composition Trial (PREDICT 1) study, whose detailed long-term diet information, as well as hundreds of fasting and same-meal postprandial cardiometabolic blood marker measurements …

High-#Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut #Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids
https://2medical.news/2021/04/05/high-fiber-whole-food-dietary-intervention-alters-the-human-gut-microbiome-but-not-fecal-short-chain-fatty-acids/

Dietary shifts can have a direct impact on the gut microbiome by preferentially selecting for microbes capable of utilizing the various dietary nutrients. The intake of dietary fiber has decreased precipitously in the last century, while consumption of processed foods has increased. Fiber, or microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), persist in the digestive tract and can be metabolized by specific bacteria encoding fiber-degrading enzymes. The digestion of …

Long-term #dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut #microbiome
https://2medical.news/2021/04/24/long-term-dietary-patterns-are-associated-with-pro-inflammatory-and-anti-inflammatory-features-of-the-gut-microbiome/

The microbiome directly affects the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in the gut. As microbes thrive on dietary substrates, the question arises whether we can nourish an anti-inflammatory gut ecosystem. We aim to unravel interactions between diet, gut microbiota and their functional ability to induce intestinal inflammation. Design We investigated the relation between 173 dietary factors and the microbiome of 1425 individuals spanning four …

The oral #microbiome in early #rheumatoid arthritis patients and individuals at risk differs from healthy controls

https://2medical.news/2021/05/09/the-oral-microbiome-in-early-rheumatoid-arthritis-patients-and-individuals-at-risk-differs-from-healthy-controls/

Gut #microbiome heritability is nearly universal but environmentally contingent

https://2medical.news/2021/07/14/gut-microbiome-heritability-is-nearly-universal-but-environmentally-contingent/

Dietary #spinach reshapes the gut #microbiome in an Apc-mutant genetic background: mechanistic insights from integrated multi-omics

https://2medical.news/2021/10/04/dietary-spinach-reshapes-the-gut-microbiome-in-an-apc-mutant-genetic-background-mechanistic-insights-from-integrated-multi-omics/

Effect of #gut #microbiome modulation on #muscle function and #cognition: the PROMOTe randomised controlled trial

https://2medical.news/2024/03/12/effect-of-gut-microbiome-modulation-on-muscle-function-and-cognition-the-promote-randomised-controlled-trial/

Opposing diet, #microbiome, and metabolite mechanisms regulate inflammatory #bowel disease in a genetically susceptible host

https://2medical.news/2024/03/29/opposing-diet-microbiome-and-metabolite-mechanisms-regulate-inflammatory-bowel-disease-in-a-genetically-susceptible-host/

Gut #microbiome and metabolome profiling in Framingham heart study reveals #cholesterol-metabolizing bacteria

https://2medical.news/2024/04/04/gut-microbiome-and-metabolome-profiling-in-framingham-heart-study-reveals-cholesterol-metabolizing-bacteria/

Divergent age-associated and metabolism-associated gut #microbiome signatures modulate #cardiovascular disease risk

https://2medical.news/2024/06/24/divergent-age-associated-and-metabolism-associated-gut-microbiome-signatures-modulate-cardiovascular-disease-risk/

#High-fat diet, #microbiome-gut-brain axis signaling, and #anxiety-like behavior in male rats

https://2medical.news/2024/07/04/high-fat-diet-microbiome-gut-brain-axis-signaling-and-anxiety-like-behavior-in-male-rats/

#Stress -resilience impacts psychological wellbeing as evidenced by brain–gut #microbiome interactions

https://2medical.news/2024/07/13/stress-resilience-impacts-psychological-wellbeing-as-evidenced-by-brain-gut-microbiome-interactions/