Association of Resting Heart #Rate and Blood Pressure in Late Adolescence With Subsequent #Mental Disorders
A Longitudinal Population Study of More Than 1 Million Men in Sweden
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2569454
Conclusions and Relevance Our results suggest that for men, differences in heart rate and blood pressure in late adolescence are associated with lifetime major psychiatric disorders, with higher levels associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders and lower levels associated with substance use disorders and violent behavior. Differences in autonomic nervous system functioning may predate or represent an early marker of psychiatric disorders.
A Longitudinal Population Study of More Than 1 Million Men in Sweden
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2569454
Conclusions and Relevance Our results suggest that for men, differences in heart rate and blood pressure in late adolescence are associated with lifetime major psychiatric disorders, with higher levels associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders and lower levels associated with substance use disorders and violent behavior. Differences in autonomic nervous system functioning may predate or represent an early marker of psychiatric disorders.
Jamanetwork
Resting Heart Rate and Blood Pressure and Subsequent Mental Disorders
This longitudinal, population-based study investigates whether differences in cardiac autonomic function as indexed by resting heart rate and blood pressure are associated with psychiatric disorders during the lifetime of men in Sweden.
#Instagram worst social media app for young people's #mental health http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/19/health/instagram-worst-social-network-app-young-people-mental-health/index.html (CNN)Instagram is the most detrimental social networking app for young people's mental health, followed closely by Snapchat, according to a new report by the Royal Society for Public Health in the UK.
Their study, #StatusofMind, surveyed almost 1,500 young people aged 14 to 24 on how certain social media platforms impact health and well-being issues such as anxiety, depression, self-identity and body image.
YouTube was found to have the most positive impact, while Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook and Twitter all demonstrated negative affects overall on young people's mental health. Instagram draws young women to "compare themselves against unrealistic, largely curated, filtered and Photoshopped versions of reality," said Matt Keracher, author of the report.
"Instagram easily makes girls and women feel as if their bodies aren't good enough as people add filters and edit their pictures in order for them to look 'perfect,' " an anonymous female respondent said in the report.
Their study, #StatusofMind, surveyed almost 1,500 young people aged 14 to 24 on how certain social media platforms impact health and well-being issues such as anxiety, depression, self-identity and body image.
YouTube was found to have the most positive impact, while Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook and Twitter all demonstrated negative affects overall on young people's mental health. Instagram draws young women to "compare themselves against unrealistic, largely curated, filtered and Photoshopped versions of reality," said Matt Keracher, author of the report.
"Instagram easily makes girls and women feel as if their bodies aren't good enough as people add filters and edit their pictures in order for them to look 'perfect,' " an anonymous female respondent said in the report.
CNN
Instagram worst social media app for young people’s mental health
Instagram is the most detrimental social networking app to young people’s mental health, followed closely by Snapchat, for issues including depression and body image, says a new report.
Association of #Streptococcal Throat Infection With #Mental Disorders
Testing Key Aspects of the #PANDAS Hypothesis in a Nationwide Study
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2629065
Is streptococcal throat infection associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders, as suggested by the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) hypothesis?
Importance Streptococcal infection has been linked with the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders, a concept termed pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS). However, previous studies of this association have been small, and the results have been conflicting.
Conclusions and Relevance This large-scale study investigating key aspects of the PANDAS hypothesis found that individuals with a streptococcal throat infection had elevated risks of mental disorders, particularly OCD and tic disorders. However, nonstreptococcal throat infection was also associated with increased risks, although less than streptococcal infections for OCD and any mental disorder, which could also support important elements of the diagnostic concept of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome.
Testing Key Aspects of the #PANDAS Hypothesis in a Nationwide Study
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2629065
Is streptococcal throat infection associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders, as suggested by the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) hypothesis?
Importance Streptococcal infection has been linked with the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders, a concept termed pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS). However, previous studies of this association have been small, and the results have been conflicting.
Conclusions and Relevance This large-scale study investigating key aspects of the PANDAS hypothesis found that individuals with a streptococcal throat infection had elevated risks of mental disorders, particularly OCD and tic disorders. However, nonstreptococcal throat infection was also associated with increased risks, although less than streptococcal infections for OCD and any mental disorder, which could also support important elements of the diagnostic concept of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome.
Jamanetwork
Association of Streptococcal Throat Infection With Mental Disorders
This population-based cohort study investigates the risk of mental disorders, specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorders, after a streptococcal throat infection.
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The Emerging Role of #Neurodiagnostic Informatics in Integrated Neurological and #Mental Health Care
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21646821.2018.1508983
Mental, neurological, and neurodevelopmental (MNN) disorders impose an enormous burden of disease globally...
... New developments in several fields, including consumer EEG hardware, ubiquitous access to the Internet and electronic health records, and nonlinear mathematics to extract information from physiological signals have converged to enable new approaches to integrating EEG into routine health care. Research continues to demonstrate that EEG analysis can be used to discover digital biomarkers for a wide range of MNN disorders, including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia and dementias, and likely many others.
When EEG-derived information about brain function is stored with an electronic health record, clinical decision support software may use these data to detect atypical brain development in the earliest stages, thus opening a potential window for early intervention. These developments create an opportunity for neurodiagnostics to merge with biomedical informatics to create clinical tools for monitoring brain function through the life span. Advanced professionals with neurodiagnostics and biomedical informatics skills and training are needed to lead the way in this emerging field.
The Emerging Role of #Neurodiagnostic Informatics in Integrated Neurological and #Mental Health Care
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21646821.2018.1508983
Mental, neurological, and neurodevelopmental (MNN) disorders impose an enormous burden of disease globally...
... New developments in several fields, including consumer EEG hardware, ubiquitous access to the Internet and electronic health records, and nonlinear mathematics to extract information from physiological signals have converged to enable new approaches to integrating EEG into routine health care. Research continues to demonstrate that EEG analysis can be used to discover digital biomarkers for a wide range of MNN disorders, including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia and dementias, and likely many others.
When EEG-derived information about brain function is stored with an electronic health record, clinical decision support software may use these data to detect atypical brain development in the earliest stages, thus opening a potential window for early intervention. These developments create an opportunity for neurodiagnostics to merge with biomedical informatics to create clinical tools for monitoring brain function through the life span. Advanced professionals with neurodiagnostics and biomedical informatics skills and training are needed to lead the way in this emerging field.
Taylor & Francis
The Emerging Role of Neurodiagnostic Informatics in Integrated Neurological and Mental Health Care
(2018). The Emerging Role of Neurodiagnostic Informatics in Integrated Neurological and Mental Health Care. The Neurodiagnostic Journal: Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 143-153.
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A Nationwide Study in Denmark of the Association Between Treated #Infections and the Subsequent Risk of Treated #mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2716981
.. Infections requiring hospitalizations were associated with subsequent increased risk of having a diagnosis of any mental disorder (n = 42 462) by an HRR of 1.84 (95% CI, 1.69-1.99) and with increased risk of redeeming a prescription for psychotropic medication (n = 56 847) by an HRR of 1.42 (95% CI, 1.37-1.46). Infection treated with anti-infective agents was associated with increased risk of having a diagnosis of any mental disorder (HRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.29-1.51) and with increased risk of redeeming a prescription for psychotropic medication (HRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18-1.26). Antibiotic use was associated with particularly increased risk estimates. The risk of mental disorders after infections increased in a dose-response association and with the temporal proximity of the last infection. In particular, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality and behavior disorders, mental retardation, autistic spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, and tic disorders were associated with the highest risks after infections.
Conclusions and Relevance Although the results cannot prove causality, these findings provide evidence for the involvement of infections and the immune system in the etiology of a wide range of mental disorders in children and adolescents.
A Nationwide Study in Denmark of the Association Between Treated #Infections and the Subsequent Risk of Treated #mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2716981
.. Infections requiring hospitalizations were associated with subsequent increased risk of having a diagnosis of any mental disorder (n = 42 462) by an HRR of 1.84 (95% CI, 1.69-1.99) and with increased risk of redeeming a prescription for psychotropic medication (n = 56 847) by an HRR of 1.42 (95% CI, 1.37-1.46). Infection treated with anti-infective agents was associated with increased risk of having a diagnosis of any mental disorder (HRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.29-1.51) and with increased risk of redeeming a prescription for psychotropic medication (HRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18-1.26). Antibiotic use was associated with particularly increased risk estimates. The risk of mental disorders after infections increased in a dose-response association and with the temporal proximity of the last infection. In particular, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality and behavior disorders, mental retardation, autistic spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, and tic disorders were associated with the highest risks after infections.
Conclusions and Relevance Although the results cannot prove causality, these findings provide evidence for the involvement of infections and the immune system in the etiology of a wide range of mental disorders in children and adolescents.
Jamanetwork
A Nationwide Study of Infections and the Subsequent Risk of Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents
This nationwide register-based cohort study investigates the association between all treated infections since birth and the subsequent risk of development of any treated mental disorder during childhood and adolescence in Denmark.
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Excess Burden of #Mental Illness and Hospitalization in Young-Onset Type 2 #Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2720956/excess-burden-mental-illness-hospitalization-young-onset-type-2-diabetes
Patients with YOD had the highest hospitalization rates by attained age. In the registry cohort, 36.8% of YOD bed-days before age 40 years were due to mental illness. The adjusted rate ratios showed increased hospitalization in YOD versus usual-onset T2D (onset at age ≥40 years) (all-cause, 1.8 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.0; renal, 6.7 CI, 4.2 to 10.6; diabetes, 3.7 CI, 3.0 to 4.6; cardiovascular, 2.1 CI, 1.8 to 2.5; infection, 1.7 CI, 1.4 to 2.1; P < 0.001 for all). Models estimated that intensified risk factor control in YOD (hemoglobin A1c level <6.2%, systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <2.0 mmol/L <77.3 mg/dL, triglyceride level <1.3 mmol/L <115.1 mg/dL, waist circumference of 85 cm men or 80 cm women, and smoking cessation) was associated with a one-third reduction in cumulative bed-days from onset to age 75 years (97 to 65 bed-days).
Adults with YOD have excess hospitalizations across their lifespan compared with persons with usual-onset T2D, including an unexpectedly large burden of mental illness in young adulthood. Efforts to prevent YOD and intensify cardiometabolic risk factor control while focusing on mental health are urgently needed
Excess Burden of #Mental Illness and Hospitalization in Young-Onset Type 2 #Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2720956/excess-burden-mental-illness-hospitalization-young-onset-type-2-diabetes
Patients with YOD had the highest hospitalization rates by attained age. In the registry cohort, 36.8% of YOD bed-days before age 40 years were due to mental illness. The adjusted rate ratios showed increased hospitalization in YOD versus usual-onset T2D (onset at age ≥40 years) (all-cause, 1.8 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.0; renal, 6.7 CI, 4.2 to 10.6; diabetes, 3.7 CI, 3.0 to 4.6; cardiovascular, 2.1 CI, 1.8 to 2.5; infection, 1.7 CI, 1.4 to 2.1; P < 0.001 for all). Models estimated that intensified risk factor control in YOD (hemoglobin A1c level <6.2%, systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <2.0 mmol/L <77.3 mg/dL, triglyceride level <1.3 mmol/L <115.1 mg/dL, waist circumference of 85 cm men or 80 cm women, and smoking cessation) was associated with a one-third reduction in cumulative bed-days from onset to age 75 years (97 to 65 bed-days).
Adults with YOD have excess hospitalizations across their lifespan compared with persons with usual-onset T2D, including an unexpectedly large burden of mental illness in young adulthood. Efforts to prevent YOD and intensify cardiometabolic risk factor control while focusing on mental health are urgently needed
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Common #mental disorders within chronic #inflammatory disorders: a primary care database prospective investigation
https://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2019/03/07/annrheumdis-2018-214676
Among 538 707 participants, the incidence of depression ranged from 14 per 1000 person-years (severe psoriasis) to 9 per 1000 person-years (systemic vasculitis), substantively higher compared with their comparison group (5–7 per 1000 person-years). HRs of multiple depression and anxiety events were 16% higher within inflammatory disorders (HR, 1.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.21, p<0.001) compared with the matched comparison group. The incidence of depression and anxiety was strongly associated with the age at inflammatory disorder onset. The overall HR estimate for depression was 1.90 (95% CI 1.66 to 2.17, p<0.001) within early-onset disorder (<40 years of age) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.09, p=0.80) within late-onset disorder (≥60 years of age).
Conclusions
Primary care patients with inflammatory disorders have elevated rates of depression and anxiety incidence, particularly those patients with early-onset inflammatory disorders. This finding may reflect the impact of the underlying disease on patients’ quality of life, although the precise mechanisms require further investigation.
Common #mental disorders within chronic #inflammatory disorders: a primary care database prospective investigation
https://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2019/03/07/annrheumdis-2018-214676
Among 538 707 participants, the incidence of depression ranged from 14 per 1000 person-years (severe psoriasis) to 9 per 1000 person-years (systemic vasculitis), substantively higher compared with their comparison group (5–7 per 1000 person-years). HRs of multiple depression and anxiety events were 16% higher within inflammatory disorders (HR, 1.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.21, p<0.001) compared with the matched comparison group. The incidence of depression and anxiety was strongly associated with the age at inflammatory disorder onset. The overall HR estimate for depression was 1.90 (95% CI 1.66 to 2.17, p<0.001) within early-onset disorder (<40 years of age) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.09, p=0.80) within late-onset disorder (≥60 years of age).
Conclusions
Primary care patients with inflammatory disorders have elevated rates of depression and anxiety incidence, particularly those patients with early-onset inflammatory disorders. This finding may reflect the impact of the underlying disease on patients’ quality of life, although the precise mechanisms require further investigation.
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#Mental Illness Among Youth With Chronic #Physical Conditions
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2019/06/13/peds.2018-1819
Youth with chronic physical conditions (CPCs) may be at greater risk for developing chronic mental health conditions (MHCs), and limitations in the ability to engage in developmentally appropriate activities may contribute to the risk of MHCs among youth with CPCs.
The 2-year cumulative incidence of MHCs was 7.8% overall, 11.5% in youth with CPCs (14.7% of sample), and 7.1% in those without. The adjusted risk of incident MHCs was 51% greater (adjusted hazard ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval 1.30–1.74) in youth with CPCs compared with those without. Activity limitations mediated 13.5% of this relationship (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: This nationally representative cohort study supports the hypotheses that youth with CPCs have increased risk for MHCs and that activity limitations may play a role in MHC development. Youth with CPCs may benefit from services to bolster their ability to participate in developmentally important activities and to detect and treat new onset MHC
#Mental Illness Among Youth With Chronic #Physical Conditions
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2019/06/13/peds.2018-1819
Youth with chronic physical conditions (CPCs) may be at greater risk for developing chronic mental health conditions (MHCs), and limitations in the ability to engage in developmentally appropriate activities may contribute to the risk of MHCs among youth with CPCs.
The 2-year cumulative incidence of MHCs was 7.8% overall, 11.5% in youth with CPCs (14.7% of sample), and 7.1% in those without. The adjusted risk of incident MHCs was 51% greater (adjusted hazard ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval 1.30–1.74) in youth with CPCs compared with those without. Activity limitations mediated 13.5% of this relationship (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: This nationally representative cohort study supports the hypotheses that youth with CPCs have increased risk for MHCs and that activity limitations may play a role in MHC development. Youth with CPCs may benefit from services to bolster their ability to participate in developmentally important activities and to detect and treat new onset MHC
Pediatrics
Mental Illness Among Youth With Chronic Physical Conditions
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Youth with chronic physical conditions (CPCs) may be at greater risk for developing chronic mental health conditions (MHCs), and limitations in the ability to engage in developmentally appropriate activities may contribute to the…
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#Temperature and #mental health: Evidence from the spectrum of mental health outcomes
This paper characterizes the link between ambient temperatures and a broad set of mental health outcomes. We find that higher temperatures increase emergency department visits for mental illness, suicides, and self-reported days of poor mental health. Specifically, cold temperatures reduce negative mental health outcomes while hot temperatures increase them. Our estimates reveal no evidence of adaptation, instead the temperature relationship is stable across time, baseline climate, air conditioning penetration rates, accessibility of mental health services, and other factors.
The character of the results suggests that temperature affects mental health very differently than physical health, and more similarly to other psychological and behavioral outcomes. We provide suggestive evidence for sleep disruption as an active mechanism behind our results and discuss the implications of our findings for the allocation of mental health services and in light of climate change.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016762961830105X
#Temperature and #mental health: Evidence from the spectrum of mental health outcomes
This paper characterizes the link between ambient temperatures and a broad set of mental health outcomes. We find that higher temperatures increase emergency department visits for mental illness, suicides, and self-reported days of poor mental health. Specifically, cold temperatures reduce negative mental health outcomes while hot temperatures increase them. Our estimates reveal no evidence of adaptation, instead the temperature relationship is stable across time, baseline climate, air conditioning penetration rates, accessibility of mental health services, and other factors.
The character of the results suggests that temperature affects mental health very differently than physical health, and more similarly to other psychological and behavioral outcomes. We provide suggestive evidence for sleep disruption as an active mechanism behind our results and discuss the implications of our findings for the allocation of mental health services and in light of climate change.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016762961830105X
Factors Associated With #Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to #Coronavirus Disease 2019
https://2medical.news/2020/03/31/factors-associated-with-mental-health-outcomes-among-health-care-workers-exposed-to-coronavirus-disease-2019/
.. A total of 1257 of 1830 contacted individuals completed the survey, with a participation rate of 68.7%. A total of 813 (64.7%) were aged 26 to 40 years, and 964 (76.7%) were women. Of all participants, 764 (60.8%) were nurses, and 493 (39.2%) were physicians; 760 (60.5%) worked in hospitals in Wuhan, and 522 (41.5%) were frontline health care workers. A considerable proportion of …
https://2medical.news/2020/03/31/factors-associated-with-mental-health-outcomes-among-health-care-workers-exposed-to-coronavirus-disease-2019/
.. A total of 1257 of 1830 contacted individuals completed the survey, with a participation rate of 68.7%. A total of 813 (64.7%) were aged 26 to 40 years, and 964 (76.7%) were women. Of all participants, 764 (60.8%) were nurses, and 493 (39.2%) were physicians; 760 (60.5%) worked in hospitals in Wuhan, and 522 (41.5%) were frontline health care workers. A considerable proportion of …
Maternal #Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders and #Mental Disorders in Children
https://2medical.news/2020/04/23/maternal-hypertensive-pregnancy-disorders-and-mental-disorders-in-children/
The associations of maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders with offspring mental disorders remain unclear. We examined whether maternal hypertensive disorders and maximum blood pressure during pregnancy predict offspring childhood mental disorders, whether the associations are independent of maternal and paternal mental disorders and paternal hypertensive disorders, independent of or additive with maternal early pregnancy overweight/obesity and diabetes mellitus disorders, and mediated or moderated by preterm birth, …
https://2medical.news/2020/04/23/maternal-hypertensive-pregnancy-disorders-and-mental-disorders-in-children/
The associations of maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders with offspring mental disorders remain unclear. We examined whether maternal hypertensive disorders and maximum blood pressure during pregnancy predict offspring childhood mental disorders, whether the associations are independent of maternal and paternal mental disorders and paternal hypertensive disorders, independent of or additive with maternal early pregnancy overweight/obesity and diabetes mellitus disorders, and mediated or moderated by preterm birth, …
Association between #Mental Disorders and Subsequent Medical Conditions
https://2medical.news/2020/05/09/association-between-mental-disorders-and-subsequent-medical-conditions/
..A total of 698,874 of 5,940,299 persons (11.8%) were identified as having a mental disorder. The median age of the total population was 32.1 years at entry into the cohort and 48.7 years at the time of the last follow-up. Persons with a mental disorder had a higher risk than those without such disorders with respect to 76 of 90 pairs of mental disorders and …
https://2medical.news/2020/05/09/association-between-mental-disorders-and-subsequent-medical-conditions/
..A total of 698,874 of 5,940,299 persons (11.8%) were identified as having a mental disorder. The median age of the total population was 32.1 years at entry into the cohort and 48.7 years at the time of the last follow-up. Persons with a mental disorder had a higher risk than those without such disorders with respect to 76 of 90 pairs of mental disorders and …
Generative Feedback Explains Distinct #Brain Activity Codes for Seen and #Mental Images
https://2medical.news/2020/07/15/generative-feedback-explains-distinct-brain-activity-codes-for-seen-and-mental-images/
The relationship between mental imagery and vision is a long-standing problem in neuroscience. Currently, it is not known whether differences between the activity evoked during vision and reinstated during imagery reflect different codes for seen and mental images. To address this problem, we modeled mental imagery in the human brain as feedback in a hierarchical generative network. Such networks synthesize images by feeding abstract representations …
https://2medical.news/2020/07/15/generative-feedback-explains-distinct-brain-activity-codes-for-seen-and-mental-images/
The relationship between mental imagery and vision is a long-standing problem in neuroscience. Currently, it is not known whether differences between the activity evoked during vision and reinstated during imagery reflect different codes for seen and mental images. To address this problem, we modeled mental imagery in the human brain as feedback in a hierarchical generative network. Such networks synthesize images by feeding abstract representations …
2Medical.News
Generative Feedback Explains Distinct Brain Activity Codes for Seen and Mental Images
The relationship between mental imagery and vision is a long-standing problem in neuroscience. Currently, it is not known whether differences between the activity evoked during vision and reinstate…