✨✨شرح دفعه خامسه لسلايدات الباثو العملي✨✨



#اللجنة_العلمية_دفعـ6ـة🩺💙
#طب_بشري
#شرح_سلايدات
#بلك_النيورو
#قسم_العملي

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Normal cerebral cortex


#The_black_arrows
Neurons
Large nuclei with prominent nucleoli

#The_red_arrows
Oligodendrocyte
Small hyperchrmatic nuclei with clear cytoplasm

#The_blue_arrows
Astrocyte
Start or elongated or triangle

#The_brown_area
Microglial cell
Nucleus elongated

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Normal white matter


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Axon

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Oligodendrocyte

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Microglia

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Astrocyte

CEREBRAL INFRACTION
Due to sever ischemia

𑁍 THE FEATURES
• In the first day
- Neurons cells shrunken (pyknotic) with eosinophilic cytoplasm ( red Neurons


• from first day to third day
- Neurons cells without nucleus
- Neutrophils infiltration in the parenchyma
- Neutrophils attack eosinophilic neurons
- Cuff of neutrophils around and within Blood vessels


• from sixth day to seventh day
- Foamy macrophages engulf the necrotic cells and debris

• After twelfth day
Occurs Gliosis with increase of Astrocytes
(non functional)

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Cerebral infarct
After 2 weeks


#The_black_arrow
Liquefactive necrosis
Due to Ischemia

#The_White_arrow
Oil hole (cystic spaces) with hemorrhage

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Cerebral infarct (Acute hypoxic-ischemic injury)
In first day


#The_black_arrows
Glial cells

#The_blue_arrows
Neurons
- Eosinphilic cytoplasm
- Shrinkage of the nucleus (pyknosis)

#Type_of_stain
HE
In ischemia the cells cytoplasm ➪ eosinphilic due to protein denaturation

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Cerebral infarct
1-3 days


#The_black_arrows
Neutrophils attack red neurons

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Neutrophils infiltration

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clusters of erythrocytes

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Neurons without nucleus

#The_black_star
Cuff of neutrophils around and within Blood vessels

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Cerebral infarct
6-7 days


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Foamy macrophages

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Cerebral infarct
After twelfth day

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Intracranial hemorrhage

#The_white_arrow
Hemorrhage
In the basal ganglia
non-traumatic and caused by hypertension

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Intracranial hemorrhage


#The_white_arrow
Hemorrhage
In the basal ganglia
non-traumatic and caused by hypertension

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 acute bacterial meningitis

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Pus

#The_white_arrow
Congestive and dilated blood vessels

#acute meningitis

Green arrows --> neutrophil infiltration

Black arrow--> proteinacous fluid

Red arrow--> hemorrhage

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Viral Encephalitis
(Herbes Encephalitis)


#The_black_arrow
Hemorrhage

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Herbes encephalitis


#The_blue_arrows
Lymphocyte

#The_white_arrows
Microglia

#the_red_area
Microglia nodule

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Herpes encephalitis


#The_white_arrow
Perivascular cuffs of lymphocyte

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Herpes encephalitis


#The_bule_arrows
Perivascular cuffs of lymphocyte

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 congenital cytomegalovirus


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Periventricular calcification (chalky white)

MENINGIOMA

✫Gross description
- Rounded , circumscribed
- Multiples, grayish white
- whorly cut surface


✫The grades
༄ Grade 1( benign )
Syncytial
- meningothelial cells forming whorls (horning) without visible cell membranes
- eosinophilic cytoplasm

Psammomatous
- Psammoma bodies ( pink calcification )
- meningothelial cells

Fibrous
- cell neoplasm spindle in shape , optical clear and chromatin deposit in the membrane
- clusters of erythrocytes

transitional (mixed)
- has features of syncytial, psammomatous, and fibrous meningiomas

microcystic
- Nucleus plemorphism
- Blood vessels hyalinosis
- Vacuolated cytoplasm

༄ Grade 2 ( local carcinoma )
Chordoid
- myxoid background
- cells arranged in chordss
- Nucleus plemorphism , large mitosis active

Clear cell
- uniforms round nucleus
- blocky collagen (thick and short)
- chicken wire blood vessels

༄ Grade 3 ( Invasive )
Brain papillary
- Nucleus plemorphism, optical clear
- hyperchrmatic, atypia
- Blood vessels
- fingers like projection

Anaplastic
- Nucleus optically clear
- hypercellularity
- Nest
- Necrosis
- Mitosis

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 meningioma


#The_black_arrows
meningioma