Cranial nerves:
🟠 Vestibulocochlear (VIII):

▪️Type: Sensory only.
▪️Origin: Arise from medulla and pons.
▪️Function: sense of hearing.
▪️Examination:---» by:
1- Auditory Acuity:
من خلال عقارب الساعة أو فرك الأصابع مقابل أذن المريض..
2- Weber and Rinne tests:
الـweber من خلال وضع الشوكة وهي تهتز في منتصف الراس ومعرفه شعوره بها...
والـRinne من خلال وضع الشوكة على الـbone

▪️Abnormalities:
- Deafness:
Type of hearing loss
يعني خسارة جزئية أو كلية للسمع في إحدى الأذنين..
- Vertigo
- Meniere's syndrome
- Tinnitis
- Acoustic neuroma

#CNS.
#Physiology_lab.
#فريق_سواعد_وبناء.

Cranial nerves:
🟠 Glossopharyngeal (IX):

▪️Type: Mixed
(sensory, parasympathetic and motor)
▪️Origin: Arise from medulla
▪️Function:
1- Motor:
elevate the larynx during
swallowing by
stylopharyngeus muscle of
the pharynx.
2- sensory:
General &taste sensation to the
posterior 1/3 of the tongue.

▪️Examination:---» by
-Elevateing the palate:
نجعل المريض يقول" آه " ونلاحظ إرتفاع الحنك بشكل متماثل ولايميل إلى أي جانب..
(كما هو موضح بالفيديو أعلى)
-Gag reflex:
عن طريق لمس الجزء الخلفي من البلعوم بخفض اللسان ومراقبه إرتفاع الحنك
ملاحظة:
العصب 10,9 لهم نفس ال examination

▪️Abnormalities:
-Difficult swallowing.
-Diminished salivation
-Loss of gustatory sensation in
posterior part of the tongue.
-Loss of sensation in throat.

#CNS.
#Physiology_lab.
#فريق_سواعد_وبناء.

Cranial nerve:
🟠 Vagus (X)

▪️Type: Mixed
(Sensory, parasympathetic and motor)
▪️Origin: Arise from medulla
▪️Function:
1- Motor:
innervation to the
majority of the muscles of the
pharynx, soft palate and
larynx (speaking)
2- Sensory:
sense of skin, the post.
part of the external auditory
canal and ext. ear.
visceral sensation to the
heart and abdominal viscera
▪️Examination: by
-Elevating the palate
نجعل المريض يقول" آه " ونلاحظ إرتفاع الحنك بشكل متماثل لايميل إلى أي جانب
-Gag reflex

عن طريق لمس الجزء الخلفي من البلعوم بخفض اللسان ومراقبه إرتفاع الحنك
(كما في الفيديو أعلى)

▪️Abnormalities:
- Hoarseness
- Difficulties with swallowing and
at phonation
- Posticus paralysis
- Changes in heart rate
(quicker or slower)
- Less gastric acid
and intestinal peristalsis.

#CNS.
#Physiology_lab.
#فريق_سواعد_وبناء.

Cranial nerves:
🟠 Accessory (XI)

▪️Type: Motor only
▪️Origin: Arises from spinal cord.
▪️Function:
Lateral flexion and rotation
of the neck by
"sternocleidomastoid muscle".
elevates the scapula, rotates it
and pulls the it inferiorly by
"trapezius muscle".
▪️Examination: ----» by
asking the patient to shrug his
shoulders with and without
resistance
نطلب من المريض أن يهز كتفه مع مقاومة وبدون مقاومة.
▪️Abnormalities:
-Accessory nerve disorder.
absent function of the
sternocleidomastoid
muscle and trapezius
muscle.
-Inability to lift the shoulder
يعني عدم قدرة المريض على رفع كتفه...
-Weakness in turning the head.

#CNS.
#Physiology_lab.
#فريق_سواعد_وبناء.

Cranial nerve:
🟠 Hypoglossal (XII):

▪️Type: Motor only
▪️Origin: Arise from medulla
▪️Function:
Movements of the tongue by
extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
of the tongue.
▪️Examination:---» by
نطلب من المريض إخراج اللسان فإذا إنحرف اللسان الي اي جانب فهذا يدل على lesion
في الـnerve
▪️Abnormalities:
-Hypoglossal nerve palsy:
it is deviation of tongue
toward the damage side.
يعني ضعف حاصل في عضلات اللسان مما يسبب إنحراف اللسان وقت الفحص الي الجانب المصاب.
-Speech disorders
-Difficult swallowing

#CNS.
#Physiology_lab.
#فريق_سواعد_وبناء.

⚪️⚪️⚪️⚪️
حاولوا تمروا على التفريغ بشكل سريع

⚪️⚪️تعديل

Habenularis *



Strai medullaris of thalamus = Stria habenularis

اضافة للصور المحذوفة في ثالث ملزمة تشريح 👆

صور للدكتورة نوال الجرموزي اطلعوا على الذي مقرر علينا منهن

جزيل الشكر للزميل المشارك ✨

جدول مقارنه للباراسايت ✨

الشكر للزميلة المشاركه ✨

#اللجنة_العلمية_دفعـ6ـة
#قسم_العملي

Parasitology comparison
Disease:
🦟Malaria -> cerebral malaria (encephalopathy)
🕸Toxoplasma gondii -> toxoplasmosis
🪱Cestoda -> neurocysticercosis
🪺Echinococcus granulosus -> Echinococcosis, hydateiosis, hydatid disease
🐱Toxocariasis -> Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans)

Infective stage:
🦟Malaria -> sporozoites
🕸Toxoplasma gondii -> Sporulated Oocyst, pseudocyst, Tachyzoite and True cyst
🪱Cestoda -> egg of tenia solium
🪺Echinococcus granulosus -> eggs of Echinococcus granulosus
🐱Toxocariasis -> mature embryonated egg of 2 round worms (toxocara canis & toxocara cati)

Intermediate host:
🦟Malaria -> human (schizogony)
🕸Toxoplasma gondii -> Human and other animals(mammels , cat and birds)
🪱Cestoda -> human
🪺Echinococcus granulosus -> herbivorous animals, human(accidentally)

Diagnostic stage:
🦟Malaria -> ring, trophozoite, schizont, gametocyte
🕸Toxoplasma gondii -> Tachyzoite , Pseudocyst and True cyst.
🪱Cestoda -> cysticercosis cellulose (larva stage)
🪺Echinococcus granulosus -> hydatid cyst (metacestode)
🐱Toxocariasis -> larva rhabditiform larva

Habitat:
🦟Malaria -> RBC
🕸Toxoplasma gondii -> Brain (Intracellular)
🪱Cestoda -> brain
🪺Echinococcus granulosus -> brain 1%
🐱Toxocariasis -> brain

Definitive host:
🦟Malaria -> female anopheles (sporozoites)
🕸Toxoplasma gondii -> Cat (Felines)
🪱Cestoda -> human
🪺Echinococcus granulosus -> dog
🐱Toxocariasis -> cat, dog

Vector:
🦟Malaria -> female anopheles

Sample:
🦟Malaria -> blood
🕸Toxoplasma gondii -> -Blood (Tachyzoite and Antibodies )
-Tissue Biobsy ( pseudocyst and True cyst
🪱Cestoda -> serum (specific Ab) or blood (eosinophilia)
🪺Echinococcus granulosus -> serum (specific Ab) or blood (eosinophilia)
🐱Toxocariasis -> serum (specific Ab) or blood (eosinophilia)

Mood of inf.:
🦟Malaria -> bite, blood transfusion, needle stick injury, congenital
🕸Toxoplasma gondii -> Congenital, Ingestion of sporulated Oocyte, Ingestion of undercooked or raw meat containing pseudocyst or true cyst, Blood transfusion (Tachyzoite), Organ transplantation (Pseudocyst or True cyst)
🪱Cestoda -> hetero-infection, external autoinfection, internal autoinfection
🪺Echinococcus granulosus -> ingestion of mature egg, handling with infected dogs (in hair)
🐱Toxocariasis -> ingestion of mature egg, ingestion of encysted larva

Diagnosis:
🦟Malaria -> blood film, increase lactic acid in CSF
🕸Toxoplasma gondii -> Microscopic stained smears (Biobsy ,blood and CSF), Ag detection (Blood ,Body fluids or amniotic fluid, Molecular PCR, based method (blood ,amniotic fluid and CSF), Serological (Ab)
🪱Cestoda -> serum Ab & blood lab
🪺Echinococcus granulosus -> serum Ab & blood lab
🐱Toxocariasis -> serum Ab & blood lab

Parasitology comparison:
Size:
🫐 Cysticercus cellulose (bladder worm) -> 1-2cm
👑Hydatid cyst -> 1-10cm
✈️Rhabditiform larva -> 1/4 - 1/2 mm

Shape:
🫐 Cysticercus cellulose ->oval
👑Hydatid cyst -> spherical
✈️Rhabditiform larva -> worm like rhabditiform oesophagus with blunt tail

Special features external:
🫐 Cysticercus cellulose -> Scolex (invaginated, 4 suckers, 2 hooks), germinal layer
👑Hydatid cyst -> outer fibrous capsule, middle non cellular laminated layer, inner germinal layer (produce protoscolices & brood capsule)

Special features internal:
🫐 Cysticercus cellulose -> fluid, fibrous tissue
👑Hydatid cyst ->
1. Hydatid fluid (colorless, highly antigenic)
2. Hydatid sand (free brood capsule & protoscolices in Hydatid fluid)
3. Daughter cyst (free cyst in Hydatid fluid or attached to the germinal layer or arising outside the cyst wall

⬛️Toxoplasma
1-Oocyst:- oval ,8-10µ containing 2 sporocysts (4 sporozoites)
2-Tachyzoite:- crescent or oval in shape ,3-7µ, with one end pointed and the other rounded and acentral n.
3-Pseudocyst:- infected cell containing many rapidly Multiplying tachyzoites (found in brain , liver,lung etc in acute stage)
4- True cyst (Tissue cyst):- spherical ,5-50µ , contains numerous slowly Multiplying bradyzound . it is found
in brain and muscles in Chronic stage.

تجميعات لحفظ هذا الجدول
الشكر للزميلة المشاركه ✨✨


Gram - bacteria
N.meningtidis
E.coli
H.influanza

والباقيات كلهن +

🔥N.menigitidis & s.pnumonea is diplococcus
🔥-H.influanzae &L.monocytogene is coccobacillus
🔥-E.coli &TB is bacillus

كلهن fastidious و non motile  ماعدا
E.coli
Listeria monocytogenes

تكون non fastidious &motile
كلهن facultative anaerobic ماعدا
N.meningidits
كلهن capsulated ,non sparing


✨كلهن catalase+ ماعدا 
S.pnumonea & TB

✨Oxidase + in
N.meningitidius & H.influanzae
TB is peroxadase + and urease +

Lactose fermenting
N.meningitidius & E.coli & L.monocytogenes



#اللجنة_العلمية_دفعـ6ـة
#قسم_العملي

⭕️تعديل
Slide 5 :
A.. Conus medullaris

⭕️تعديل :
Slide 6 :
B.. Pyramid