Financial constraints have psychological consequences for workers– among small-scale manufacturing workers in Odisha, an interim payment before the end of the contract period raises worker productivity by 7.1%

#InternationalLabourDay #I4IArchives

https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/productivity-innovation/alleviating-financial-concerns-to-enhance-worker-productivity.html

As the Indian economy faces increasing inflationary pressures, read this #I4IArchives article by Dr. Pronab Sen on the monetary factors underlying the propagation & perpetuation of inflation over time
https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/macroeconomics/monetary-dimensions-of-the-recent-indian-inflationary-experience.html

On #WorldBicycleDay, read this #I4IArchives article examining Bihar government scheme which gave grade 9 girls cash to buy bicycles for school. Beneficiaries were more likely to finish education, seek non-agricultural jobs & delay marriage but many weren't permitted to work
https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/wheels-of-power-long-term-effects-of-the-bihar-cycle-programme.html

This #MSMEDay, revisit research from the #I4IArchives evaluating the health, status, and growth of micro, small and medium enterprises in India over the years


(1/8) 𝗢𝗳 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝗺𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝟭𝟵𝟴𝟭-𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟭, 𝗼𝗻𝗹𝘆 𝟰𝟱% 𝗼𝗳 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝗺𝘀 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗱 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝟮𝟬 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀: https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/macroeconomics/firm-survival-in-india-status-of-firms-formed-over-the-last-30-years.html

(2/8) 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟳-𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝘅𝗰𝗹𝘂𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗯𝘆 𝘀𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗹-𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗽𝗵𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝘂𝘁. 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗮𝗻 ⬆️ 𝗶𝗻 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁–𝗱𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗯𝘆 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘆 𝗹𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝗺 𝘀𝗶𝘇𝗲: https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/macroeconomics/how-did-de-reservation-of-small-scale-industry-affect-employment.html

(3/8) 𝗔 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟬 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗲𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝟯𝟲𝟬 𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝗺𝘀 𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗴𝗴𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗱-𝟭𝟵 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘀, 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗺𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼-𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝘀𝘁: https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/macroeconomics/covid-19-crisis-and-health-of-small-businesses-findings-from-a-primary-survey.html

(4/8) 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗳𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗦𝗠𝗘𝘀 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗱𝗲, 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗮𝗻 ⬆️ 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹-𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗽𝘂𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆: https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/governance/is-small-beautiful-a-critical-evaluation-of-msme-policy-and-performance-in-india.html

(5/8) 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗹𝘆 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝘃𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝗺𝘀 (𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲). 𝗕𝘂𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝘀 𝗮 𝗯𝗶𝗴𝗴𝗲𝗿 (𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲) 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀: https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/macroeconomics/how-foreign-inflows-impact-indian-manufacturing-firms.html

(6/8)⬆️ 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗮 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗻 ⬆️ 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗹-𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝗱𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗯𝘆 ⬆️ 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗲𝗿𝘀– 𝗲𝘀𝗽 𝗶𝗻 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗹𝗮𝘄𝘀 & 𝗵𝗶𝗴𝗵 𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀: https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/trade/import-competition-formalisation-and-the-role-of-contract-workers.html

(7/8) 𝗔𝗻 𝗥𝗖𝗧 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗨𝘁𝘁𝗮𝗿 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗵 𝗳𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝗦𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗮𝘆𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗯𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗮 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝗱, 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗳𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁: https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/money-finance/using-contract-price-to-identify-right-clients-for-flexible-microfinance.html

On the Intl Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples, read this #I4Iarchives post that finds indigenous groups when faced with climatic instability in the land historically inhabited by them are less likely to speak their traditional language and adopt English as their mother tongue

https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/miscellany/understanding-cultural-persistence-and-change.html

India has the 2nd highest number of STEM graduates 🎓 in the world, with a large number of youth choosing to study science.

On #InternationalYouthDay, read this article from the #I4IArchives by Tarun Jain, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay, Nishith Prakash and Raghav Rakesh, which investigates how subjects chosen in high school affect college outcomes and earnings: https://rb.gy/ui8pz9

With Intergenerational Solidarity as the theme for #InternationalYouthDay2022, read this article which finds evidence of ⬆️ mobility in education but not occupation in India, a trend caused by low occupational mobility for disadvantaged groups #I4IArchives

https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/human-development/granddads-dads-and-sons-examining-multigenerational-mobility-in-india.html

As the importance of access to sanitation comes into focus on #WorldToiletDay, read this post from the #I4IArchives which shows that targeting microcredit to women can be effective in ⬆️ the uptake of sanitation loans, leading to ⬆️ in toilet ownership.

Read more here: https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/human-development/to-invest-in-sanitation-or-not-the-role-of-gender-differences-in-perceptions.html

The NSO recently released advance growth estimates of 7% for FY2022-23, inching above the RBI estimate of 6.8%. Read this piece by Poonam Gupta (NCAER) from the #I4IArchives about the long-term trends in India's GDP growth rate & the factors behind the pre-pandemic slowdown

https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/macroeconomics/what-contributed-to-the-slowdown-of-the-indian-economy-during-2019-20.html

On both #NationalGirlChildDay in India and #InternationalDayofEducation, don't miss this article from the #I4IArchives which uses #Census data to verify past findings about the relationship between women’s education and child sex-ratios across the country

Read more: https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/india-s-missing-girls-women-s-education-and-declining-child-sex-ratios.html

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently announced that the 2000 rupee notes are being withdrawn from circulation. As experts begin to assess the implications of this decision, we revisit some of the debates from #I4IArchives around the 2016 demonetisation when the 2000 rupee note was introduced:

💳 To begin with, Ajit Karnik discussed the rationales put forward for demonetisation, including curbing black money, moving to a cashless economy, reducing corruption and long-term economic growth – but found little evidence to support them: www.ideasforindia.in/topics/money-finance/demonetisation-a-thunderbolt-in-search-of-a-target.html

💸 Amartya Lahiri provided a cost-benefit analysis of these various objectives, and shared his opinion that demonetisation alone would not curb black money – rather, the 2000 rupee notes would make it simpler to store undeclared income in cash: www.ideasforindia.in/topics/money-finance/the-demonetisation-boondoggle.html

👷‍♂️ Kaushik Bhattacharya et al. highlighted the adverse impact that demonetisation had on the informal sector, which predominantly relies on cash transactions, and called for expanding the reach of formal finance by increasing PDS coverage and MNREGA entitlements: www.ideasforindia.in/topics/macroeconomics/reviving-the-informal-sector-from-the-throes-of-demonetisation.html

👨‍👩‍👦 Mitali Nikore noted that the impact of demonetisation was more severe for women, who often work in the informal sector, lack access to bank accounts, and store cash at home, and suggested longer-term measures to improve their financial access: www.ideasforindia.in/topics/money-finance/assessing-the-impact-of-demonetisation-through-the-gender-lens.html

🌲 One year on, Nidhi Aggarwal and Sudha Narayanan looked at the state of agriculture and found that, within a fortnight, demonetisation displaced agricultural trade by 15-17%, with marketplaces still facing a 7% loss in trade 90 days later: www.ideasforindia.in/topics/money-finance/what-did-demonetisation-do-to-domestic-agricultural-markets.html

🏧 Silvia Masiero argued that, despite Aadhaar-based systems, constraints on technology ownership and lack of access to information & digital infrastructure resulted in unbanked poor being excluded from the cashless economy proposed by demonetisation: www.ideasforindia.in/topics/money-finance/aadhaar-demonetisation-and-the-poor.html

For a collection of research and perspectives on demonetisation from the I4I Archives, see this note from our Editor-in-Chief: www.ideasforindia.in/topics/money-finance/on-demonetisation.html

💧Groundwater depletion can have a negative impact on the safety of women who are water carriers for their households. This #Desertification and #Drought Day, read a study from the #I4IArchives which finds a strong effect of groundwater scarcity on rape: rb.gy/6e08n

#WorldDayToCombatDesertificationandDrought

On #InternationalLiteracyDay, a study from the #I4IArchives shows how in middle-income households caste identity matters the most for school choice – upper caste parents with better labour market networks find greater returns to sending children to private school

Read here:
https://ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/how-class-and-caste-influence-school-choice.html

Reflecting on the Silicon Valley Bank failure earlier this year, Viral Acharya & Raghuram Rajan note that banks' uninsured deposits are ⬆️ prone to runs due to four reasons including the Quantitative Easing policy.

On #InternationalDayofBanks, read more from the #I4IArchives: https://ideasforindia.in/topics/money-finance/bank-failures-what-s-the-fed-s-role.html

A pilot study in Rajasthan & Punjab found that farmers enrolled in the Direct Benefit Transfers for Electricity (DBT-E) programme conserve more power than others in the same area. On #NationalEnergyConservationDay, read more from the #I4IArchives: bit.ly/I4I-IPF-1

While multi-generational weaving households exhibit greater productivity, there are no gains for women in terms of autonomy. In fact, women in such households are less likely to contribute to enterprise, household and child-rearing decisions. More here: rb.gy/1716rv

However, surveys by International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) have found that the provision of management training and creation of optimum working conditions for women can empower women workers, and ensure productivity and long-term sustainability of the handloom sector. More here: rb.gy/slyakz

Read both articles from the #I4IArchives on #NationalProductivityDay

The Supreme Court has struck down #ElectoralBonds in the interest of transparency around funding of political parties. In this post from the #I4IArchives, Rajeev Gowda and Varun Santhosh propose a National Election Fund to implement public funding of election/political parties: https://ideasforindia.in/topics/governance/a-proposal-for-public-funding-of-elections-and-political-parties-in-india.html

On #WorldNutritionDay, don't miss this research from the #I4IArchives!

Data issued by FAO show that almost 3/4th of Indians couldn't afford a healthy diet in 2017-2020. Pulapre Balakrishnan & M Parameswaran contend that the consequences of high food prices for welfare and growth don't figure enough in discussions on the Indian economy - read here: https://ideasforindia.in/topics/macroeconomics/growth-well-being-and-distribution-in-the-last-decade-ii.html

Their previous research also shows that food price inflation in India has been high in recent years, driven by domestic increases in food prices rather than imports. They suggest that in addition to monetary policy, supply-side management of agricultural prices is needed: https://ideasforindia.in/topics/macroeconomics/effect-of-food-prices-on-inflation-is-monetary-policy-an-effective-tool.html

This week, the Union Cabinet approved simultaneous elections for Lok Sabha, state Assemblies, & local government #OneNationOneElection

An article from the #I4IArchives examines the effects of simultaneous elections on voter decisions & electoral outcomes:
https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/governance/synchronised-elections-voter-behaviour-and-governance-outcomes.html