‍ Melk Monastery #RL #Transcript Apeuni193 (Mock B)
صومعه ملک (در اتریش)
Melk is not typical of all monasteries for many reasons. First, it is very grand, which most, especially later foundations, aren't. Secondly, it was found in the countryside, whereas in the 17th and 18th centuries, a good proportion of foundations were made in towns. Thirdly, it still owns substantial amount of land, because fourthly, it lies in the Austrian Republic, the only European country where grand old monasteries have been in continuous existence since they were founded, 900, 1000, even in one case, 1200 years ago.
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⛩ monastery /ˈmɒnəstri $ ˈmɑːnəsteri/ noun (plural monasteries) [countable]
a place where monks live.
صومعه. خانقاه، دیر، پارساکده.

My answer: #SST
The lecture was about the Melk monastery, which comprised many reasons and later foundations. The spokesperson determined the very grand Melk , and the essence of being founded in the countryside emphasized the significance of the 17th and 18th centuries. Although both owning substantial amount of land and lying in the Austrian Republic could be inferred from being made in towns, the impacts of the European country were acknowledged. (69w)

‍ Taxonomy #RL #Transcript Apeuni151
طبقه‌بندی (علم رده‌بندی)
Welcome to today’s lesson. We’re continuing with our study of taxonomy. Taxonomy is how scientists classify organisms into different groups based on the characteristics that they share. So, for instance, a good way to think about taxonomy is the US Postal Service. If we want to send a letter to someone, we first start off by addressing it to the nation they are in. By default. we usually assume that’s America but it doesn’t have to be a treat England or Costa Rica or Spain. You put their nation or their kingdom. Then within that kingdom, you address it to a slightly more specific level they’re states. So, for instance, South Carolina would be the same as a phylum. And within that state, you would address it to their city and then to their street number, the street they live on. Then you would address it to say their apartment complex and within that complex, you’d address it by their last name to their family and then finally their first name to the specific person you want to get it to and in that way we’re able to weed out all the 400 million people we don’t want to send our letter to in America and pinpoint the exact person we want the letter to reach. And in the same way, scientists use a taxonomy chart to pinpoint a living creature and organism and how it relates to everything else in the world.
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📮phylum /ˈfaɪləm/ noun (plural phyla /-lə/) [countable]
[technical] one of the large groups into which scientists divide plants, animals, and languages → species
(رده‌بندی) شاخه، راسته، اجداد، دودمان، نژاد، قبیله، راسته.

#Sample_answer : Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms to different groups. Taxonomy is just like the US postal service, which contains the nation or kingdom, and then the State city, street name and street number, and then to the apartment, followed by their family names and first names. So scientists use taxonomy to pinpoint a living creature or an organism, and to explain how this specific creature is related to everything else in the world.

‍ the smell of books (libraries) #RL Apeuni58 #transcript
بوی کتابهای(کتابخانه های) (تاریخ ساز- قدیمی)
Indeed, the library. We've all been to a historic library. We've all enjoyed the smell of a historic library. But what is it? And what does it mean? When we've recently, when at UCL Center for Sustainable Heritage, we've recently been asked to access the environment at another historical library at Saint Paul's Cathedral, the Wren library, an incredible place. And it has a such an intensive smell of old books, and we were also asked for the first time really I was actually taken aback by the brief, we were asked what you do please preserve the smell. It is so important to our audience. It is so important how people perceive the library. So, that is, that was quite an important message in our research. And indeed the smell is an important way of how we communicate with the environment. This piece of research was done by an advertising company because advertisers are so interested in how we, how we interact with each other and the environment. And we see that the majority of people use sight (site) obviously to interact with the environment, but on the second place, we see the smell is also very, very important.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #listening #podcast #Retell_Lecture

My answer: #SST
The lecture was about the smell of historic libraries, which comprised preserving the smell and perceiving libraries. The spokesperson determined , and the essence of an intensive smell of old books emphasized being important to our audience. Although both interacting with each other and the environment could be inferred from the smell as an important way of how we communicate with the environment, the impacts of using sight were acknowledged. (70w)

‍ Napoleon III and new Paris #RL #Transcript
ناپلئون بناپارت سوم و پاریس جدید
by 1850 there were 1 million people living in Paris. the population overflowed into the streets. movement on the street was at a standstill and trade was impossible the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon the third came up with a dramatic plan to rebuild Paris by widening streets, improving traffic flow and clearing the slums. Houseman decided to buy up the land and move the slums and their inhabitants to the outskirts of the city. now he could focus on the transportation problem. by easing traffic conditions he felt he was organizing Paris and opening it up to an economic boost. since the slums had been torn down. he had room to construct condominiums in their stead. he was very interested in giving Paris a modern look. every apartment building was constructed to Haussmann standards.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Retell_Lecture

key points:
By 1850 1 million people living in Paris/ population overflowed in streets/impossible trade / Napoleon the 3rd/ widening streets/ focus on transportation problems/ interested in giving Paris a modern look / improvement of traffic law / opening it up to economic boost/. torn down / every apartment building / standard house / Clearing slums/ came up with Dramatic plane/ easing Traffic conditions/ standstill movement/ nephew of Napoleon/ rebuild Paris/ organizing Paris / building constructed based on standards / having room to construct condominium/ outskirts of city/ Decided to buy. 👇

🟥 هشتگ های دسترسی به مطالب کانال:
#grammar #reading #Speaking #writing #pronunciation #General_English #GE #IELTS #podcast #vocabulary #Linking_ideas #reduction #Reduced_Clauses #tenses #advanced_grammar #phrase #phrasal_verb #idiom #Transcript #collocation #Sample_Answer #slang #Cambridge #aussie #contemporary_topics_1 #contemporary_topics_2 #contemporary_topics_3 #focus_on_vocabulary_1 #Focus_on_Vocabulary #noun_phrase #spelling #accent #notetaking #Note_Taking #Fluency #parallel intonation ....

🟥 هشتگ های مرتبط با #PTE :
🔴 Speaking
〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Read_Aloud #ra
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Repeat_Sentence #rs
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Describe_Image #di
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Retell_Lecture #rl
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Answer_Short_Question #asq
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️

🔴 Writing
〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Summarize_Written_Text #swt
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Write_Essay #we #Essay
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️

🔴 Reading
〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Reorder_Paragraph #ro
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Reading & Writing Fill in the blanks #rfib #rwfib
یا سرچ بدون هشتگ RFIB RWFIB
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Reading Multiple-Choice, Choose single answer #rmcsa
Reading Multiple-Choice, Choose multiple answer #rmcma
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️

🔴 Listening
〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Summarize_Spoken_Text #sst
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Listening: Multiple-Choice, Choose multiple answer #Listening_Multiple_Choice_Multiple_answer #lmma

#Listening_Multiple_Choice_Single_answer #lmcsa
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Listening fill in the blanks #lfib
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Highlight correct summary #hcs
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 Select missing word #smw
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Highlight_incorrect_words #hiw
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 #Write_from_dictation #wfd

🟥 اولین پست (مطلب) کانال (مطالب عمومی، گرامر، آیتلس):
https://t.me/EngStud/1
🟥 اولین پست PTE:
https://t.me/EngStud/733

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🟥 اسامی برخی مدرسین در کلیپها:
🗣 Lisa Mojsin
🗣 Jill Diamond
🗣 Paul Gruber
🗣 Paria Akhavass
🗣 Rebecca
🗣 Lucy
🗣 Kim

🟥 متریال اورجینال ریدینگ / معرفی کتابهای رفرنس برای ریدینگ برای مطالعه آزاد

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells #RL Apeuni135 #transcript
پروکاریوت (پیش‌هسته‌ای) در مقابل یوکاریوت‌ها (نسخه سوم) 👇

‍ Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells #RL Apeuni135 #transcript
پروکاریوت (پیش‌هسته‌ای) در مقابل یوکاریوت‌ها (نسخه سوم)
In this lesson, we discuss the similarities and differences between the eukaryotic cells of your body and prokaryotic cells such as bacteria. Eukaryotes organize different functions within specialized membrane-bound compartments called organelles These structures do not exist in prokaryotes.
Your body’s composed of trillions of cells – lots of different types of cells that make up different organs and other parts of your body. Your body is also where 10 times that number bacteria call “home sweet home”. But don't be afraid – these bacteria do more good than harm to you. And besides, just in case you wanted to strike up a conversation with your tenants, you and your bacteria do have a few things in common.
All cells share some common characteristics that make them living things. All organisms are composed of cells, the basic fundamental unit of life. They contain DNA as a heritable genetic material, and they can reproduce. They transcribe DNA into RNA, and translate RNA into proteins on ribosomes. They can also regulate transport across a cell membrane, and require chemical energy for some cellular processes.
Organelles are (The number one) biggest difference between the bacteria and the cells that making up human body organelles.
🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Retell_Lecture

🟢 My answer: #SST
The lecture was about similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic, which comprised organelles. The spokesperson determined cells as the composition of organisms, and the essence of making up organs by cells emphasized “home sweet home” bacteria. Although both transcribing DNA into RNA and translating RNA into proteins on ribosomes could be inferred from sharing common characteristics through cells as living things, the impacts of requiring chemical energy were acknowledged. (70w)

🟢 #RA Apeuni163
Your body's composed of trillions of cells - lots of different types of cells that make up different organs and other parts of your body. Your body is also where 10 times that number of bacteria call 'home sweet home.' But don't be afraid - these bacteria do more good than harm to you. And besides, just in case you wanted to strike up a conversation with your tenants, you and your bacteria do have a few things in common.

🟢 #RA Apeuni164
All cells share some common characteristics that make them living things. All organisms are composed of cells, the basic fundamental unit of life. They contain DNA as a heritable genetic material, and they can reproduce. They transcribe DNA into RNA, and translate RNA into proteins on ribosomes. They can also regulate transport across a cell membrane, and require chemical energy for some cellular processes.

نسخه اول. نسخه دوم

‍ Tree Rings (Dendrochronology) #RL #transcript
حلقه های درخت
When we have droughts, the rings were very narrow and the more extreme the narrower the ring is we’re trying to identify patterns and widen their wings. You can come to think of that as a barcode in the food that you might buy in the store, trees in an area you have not exactly the same pattern, but a similar pattern of wide and narrow range just like that barcode. We get to the point where we can just look across samples okay there’s 1580 and their 1735. We know where those difficult years are we able to look at the records in the rings. And from that reconstruct streamflow much further back than we can just with historical records in some areas under the best conditions were the best species we can have up to 10,000 years record from tree rings. we have maybe 5200 years historical records from the rivers around here. We have trees and go back several hundred years. If you look at the Weaver River, We have about 100 years of record. to give us a rough idea of how long droughts of Benin have severely been but it’s only a hundred years record and the trees a been around for six or 700 or more years, how can they give us a much longer record of those droughts? sometimes as we look in the tree rings we see droughts that are much longer, much more severe than anything we see in the historical record. We’ve had droughts that have lasted for more than a decade we had one of the last for 16 years, water managers can actually incorporate those in the forecast models to help us better prepare for droughts in the future. We are excited to be able to take the information and give that water managers now because they haven’t had that for the Wasatch front before.
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My answer: #SST
Whereas identifying tree-ring patterns and widening the wings emphasizes droughts with narrow rings, the impacts of a similar pattern of wide and narrow range which like a barcode such as records in the rings and the drought time are acknowledged, and reconstructing streamflow could be inferred from incorporating historical records in forecast models by water managers, from which the implications of better preparing for droughts in the future are presumed. (70w)

‍ The best source of nutritional guidelines #RL #transcript
بهترین منبع راهنمای تغذیه‌ای
🎙 Interviewer: What nutritional guidelines should we be following?

👩‍⚕️ Interviewee: Well, probably the best source of nutritional guidelines are those that are issued by the American Cancer Society or the National Cancer Institute. And the American Cancer Society, for example, offers four really basic, simple nutrition guidelines.
1️⃣ The first guideline, which in my mind is the most important, is to choose most of the foods that you eat from plant sources, and we can talk in more detail about that in a moment.
2️⃣ The second guideline is to limit your intake of high fat foods, particularly from animal sources.
3️⃣ The third guideline is to be physically active and achieve a normal, healthy body weight.
4️⃣ And the final guideline is to limit consumption of alcoholic beverages if you choose to drink at all.

🎙 Interviewer: So Susan, one of the things we always hear about … from the American Cancer Society is this five-a-day recommendation. Maybe if you could explain to our listening audience what that actually means.

👩‍⚕️ Interviewee: The five-a-day recommendation is a very simple way of communicating the message to increase consumption of these plant foods. And what five-a-day means is five servings per day of fruits and vegetables in total. And some people misunderstand this guideline, and they may think it’s okay if I have five glasses of fruit juice a day, and I’ve met my five-a-day guideline. The goal is really to choose both fruits and vegetables as part of the five-a-day guideline, to vary the fruits and vegetables that you eat on a daily basis, and that alone is a very major step forward in terms of reducing your risk for cancer.

🆔 @EngStud #PTE #podcast #listening #Retell_Lecture

My answer: #SST
The lecture was about the best source of nutritional guidelines, which comprised eating from plant sources. The spokesperson determined limiting your intake of high fat foods, and the essence of limiting consumption of alcoholic beverages emphasized being physically active and achieving a healthy body weight. Although the five-a-day recommendation could be inferred from servings per day of fruits and vegetables, the impacts of reducing risks for cancer were acknowledged. (69words)