مرور سیستماتیک استرس و بررسی سازه ها و عوامل دخیل در آن
#Stress: #Facts and #Theories through #Literature #Review
#Amir_Mohammad_Shahsavarani, #Esfandiar_Azad_Marz_Abadi, #Maryam_Hakimi_Kalkhoran
Abstract
Introduction: #Human everyday life is full of #stress and strain, so that the present century is called stress era. Unfortunately, here is no literature integration about stress. The aim of the present paper is to make a theoretical integrative consensus in stress modalities.
Methods: The design of the present study was #systematic #review. #Inclusion #criteria were subjective relevance to study keywords (include #stress, #stress_control, #stress_reduction, #social_stress, #community_stress, #group_stress, #stress_increase, #stress_side_effects, #stress_resources, #stress_stages, #stress_types), being published by academic and/or scientific resource, and publication period (between January, 1, 1990 and March, 20, 2015). Using Jadad scale, those clinical trial papers with 2 and upper were selected. #Delphi_method used to form the structure of final results. Results were collected by content analysis.
Results: Eleven major definitions, three main classifications, three fundamental #explanatory perspectives, #occupational stress and related issues, #job #burnout and related issues, biological and #neuropsychological bases, related constructs (#anxiety, #homeostasis, #allostasis), #spiritual/religious/Islamic perspectives, stress outcomes, and multiple relations between stress and culture were presented and discussed.
Conclusion: The ppresent study was an effort to make a theoretical unity of thought in studies about stress. According to the results, it appears that stress cannot be investigated via unimodal studies, and there is a great need to incorporate #BioPsychoSocioSpiritual perspective in analyses and future frameworks of stress studies.
Keywords:
#Stress, #Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, #Homeostasis, #Allostasis, #Cultural stress, BioPsychoSocioSpiritual model, Systematic Review, #Jadad Method, #Delphi Method.
کانال دکتر امیر محمد شهسوارانی
🍃🌹🌸💐🌸🌹🍃
@DrAmirMohammadShahsavarani
[download link]
http://journals.bmsu.ac.ir/ijmr/index.php/ijmr/article/view/107
#Stress: #Facts and #Theories through #Literature #Review
#Amir_Mohammad_Shahsavarani, #Esfandiar_Azad_Marz_Abadi, #Maryam_Hakimi_Kalkhoran
Abstract
Introduction: #Human everyday life is full of #stress and strain, so that the present century is called stress era. Unfortunately, here is no literature integration about stress. The aim of the present paper is to make a theoretical integrative consensus in stress modalities.
Methods: The design of the present study was #systematic #review. #Inclusion #criteria were subjective relevance to study keywords (include #stress, #stress_control, #stress_reduction, #social_stress, #community_stress, #group_stress, #stress_increase, #stress_side_effects, #stress_resources, #stress_stages, #stress_types), being published by academic and/or scientific resource, and publication period (between January, 1, 1990 and March, 20, 2015). Using Jadad scale, those clinical trial papers with 2 and upper were selected. #Delphi_method used to form the structure of final results. Results were collected by content analysis.
Results: Eleven major definitions, three main classifications, three fundamental #explanatory perspectives, #occupational stress and related issues, #job #burnout and related issues, biological and #neuropsychological bases, related constructs (#anxiety, #homeostasis, #allostasis), #spiritual/religious/Islamic perspectives, stress outcomes, and multiple relations between stress and culture were presented and discussed.
Conclusion: The ppresent study was an effort to make a theoretical unity of thought in studies about stress. According to the results, it appears that stress cannot be investigated via unimodal studies, and there is a great need to incorporate #BioPsychoSocioSpiritual perspective in analyses and future frameworks of stress studies.
Keywords:
#Stress, #Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, #Homeostasis, #Allostasis, #Cultural stress, BioPsychoSocioSpiritual model, Systematic Review, #Jadad Method, #Delphi Method.
کانال دکتر امیر محمد شهسوارانی
🍃🌹🌸💐🌸🌹🍃
@DrAmirMohammadShahsavarani
[download link]
http://journals.bmsu.ac.ir/ijmr/index.php/ijmr/article/view/107
♻️شیوه ای جدید در #درمان بیماری های #نورودژنراتیو (#زوال_عقل، #آلزایمر، #پارکینسون و ...)
#Intracellular #Proteolysis of #Progranulin Generates Stable, #Lysosomal #Granulins That Are #Haploinsufficient in #Patients with #Frontotemporal #Dementia Caused by #GRN Mutations
در پژوهشی که بتازگی توسط متخصصان دانشگاه پزشکی اموری 🇺🇸 صورت گرفته است، با استفاده از تکنیک های جدید #شناسایی و ردیابی مولکولی در سلول زنده، مشخص شد #گرانولین ها (نوعی پروتیئن های ریز-مولکول مشتق از #پروگرانولین) در درون #سلول های #عصبی نقش #ضدتخریبی دارند.
یکی از انواع #زوال عقل، نوع پیشانی-گیجگاهی (#FTD) است که دلیل عمده آن جهش در #ژن تولید کننده گرانولین هاست. این زوال عقل غیرقابل درمان بوده و معمولاً در افراد زیر سال مشاهده می شود.
جهش در ژن های گرانولین ها مسبب سایر انواع بیماری های #نورودژنراتیو، بویژه #آلزایمر و #پارکینسون نیز هستند.
پ🔬ژوهش فعلی نحوه عمل گرانولین را در درون #سلول نشان داد و مشخص ساخت با کاهش #گرانولین سالم عملکرد #لیزوزوم در درون #نورون ها مختل می شود و به همین دلیل با انواع بیماری های نورودژنراتیو مواجهیم. موضوع مهم این است که گرانولین ها در درون لیزوزوم ها حضوری پایدار دارند و همین امر سبب آسیب های ماندگار به نورون ها می شود.
📚این گروه پژوهشی در حال کار بر روش های ژن تراپی خاصی هستند که بتوانند ژن های جهش یافته پروگرانولین و گرانولین را اصلاح نموده و بدین ترتیب عملکرد لیزوزومهای نورون را به حال طبیعی باز گردانند.
#Homozygous or #heterozygous #mutations in the #GRN #gene, encoding #progranulin (#PGRN), cause #neuronal #ceroid #lipofuscinosis (#NCL) or #frontotemporal #dementia (#FTD), respectively. NCL and FTD are characterized by #lysosome #dysfunction and #neurodegeneration, indicating PGRN is important for lysosome #homeostasis in the #brain. PGRN is trafficked to the lysosome where its functional role is unknown. PGRN can be cleaved into seven 6 kDa proteins called #granulins (#GRNs), however little is known about how GRNs are produced or if levels of GRNs are altered in #FTD-GRN mutation carriers. Here, we report the identification and characterization of #antibodies that reliably detect several human GRNs by #immunoblot and #immunocytochemistry. Using these tools, we find that #endogenous GRNs are present within multiple cell lines and are constitutively produced. Further, #extracellular PGRN is endocytosed and rapidly processed into stable GRNs within lysosomes. Processing of PGRN into GRNs is conserved between humans and mice and is modulated by #sortilin expression and #cysteine #protease activity. Induced lysosome dysfunction caused by #alkalizing agents or increased expression of #TMEM106B inhibit processing of PGRN into GRNs. Finally, we find that multiple GRNs are #haploinsufficient in primary #fibroblasts and #cortical brain tissue from FTD-GRN patients. Taken together, our findings raise the interesting possibility that GRNs carry out critical lysosomal functions and that loss of GRNs should be explored as an initiating factor in lysosomal dysfunction and neurodegeneration caused by GRN mutations.
لینک منبع 👇🏻(further reading)👇🏻
www.eneuro.org/content/early/2017/08/09/ENEURO.0100-17.2017
📢کانال #دکترامیرمحمدشهسوارانی
🍃🌹🌸💐🌸🌹🍃
@DrAmirMohammadShahsavarani
#Intracellular #Proteolysis of #Progranulin Generates Stable, #Lysosomal #Granulins That Are #Haploinsufficient in #Patients with #Frontotemporal #Dementia Caused by #GRN Mutations
در پژوهشی که بتازگی توسط متخصصان دانشگاه پزشکی اموری 🇺🇸 صورت گرفته است، با استفاده از تکنیک های جدید #شناسایی و ردیابی مولکولی در سلول زنده، مشخص شد #گرانولین ها (نوعی پروتیئن های ریز-مولکول مشتق از #پروگرانولین) در درون #سلول های #عصبی نقش #ضدتخریبی دارند.
یکی از انواع #زوال عقل، نوع پیشانی-گیجگاهی (#FTD) است که دلیل عمده آن جهش در #ژن تولید کننده گرانولین هاست. این زوال عقل غیرقابل درمان بوده و معمولاً در افراد زیر سال مشاهده می شود.
جهش در ژن های گرانولین ها مسبب سایر انواع بیماری های #نورودژنراتیو، بویژه #آلزایمر و #پارکینسون نیز هستند.
پ🔬ژوهش فعلی نحوه عمل گرانولین را در درون #سلول نشان داد و مشخص ساخت با کاهش #گرانولین سالم عملکرد #لیزوزوم در درون #نورون ها مختل می شود و به همین دلیل با انواع بیماری های نورودژنراتیو مواجهیم. موضوع مهم این است که گرانولین ها در درون لیزوزوم ها حضوری پایدار دارند و همین امر سبب آسیب های ماندگار به نورون ها می شود.
📚این گروه پژوهشی در حال کار بر روش های ژن تراپی خاصی هستند که بتوانند ژن های جهش یافته پروگرانولین و گرانولین را اصلاح نموده و بدین ترتیب عملکرد لیزوزومهای نورون را به حال طبیعی باز گردانند.
#Homozygous or #heterozygous #mutations in the #GRN #gene, encoding #progranulin (#PGRN), cause #neuronal #ceroid #lipofuscinosis (#NCL) or #frontotemporal #dementia (#FTD), respectively. NCL and FTD are characterized by #lysosome #dysfunction and #neurodegeneration, indicating PGRN is important for lysosome #homeostasis in the #brain. PGRN is trafficked to the lysosome where its functional role is unknown. PGRN can be cleaved into seven 6 kDa proteins called #granulins (#GRNs), however little is known about how GRNs are produced or if levels of GRNs are altered in #FTD-GRN mutation carriers. Here, we report the identification and characterization of #antibodies that reliably detect several human GRNs by #immunoblot and #immunocytochemistry. Using these tools, we find that #endogenous GRNs are present within multiple cell lines and are constitutively produced. Further, #extracellular PGRN is endocytosed and rapidly processed into stable GRNs within lysosomes. Processing of PGRN into GRNs is conserved between humans and mice and is modulated by #sortilin expression and #cysteine #protease activity. Induced lysosome dysfunction caused by #alkalizing agents or increased expression of #TMEM106B inhibit processing of PGRN into GRNs. Finally, we find that multiple GRNs are #haploinsufficient in primary #fibroblasts and #cortical brain tissue from FTD-GRN patients. Taken together, our findings raise the interesting possibility that GRNs carry out critical lysosomal functions and that loss of GRNs should be explored as an initiating factor in lysosomal dysfunction and neurodegeneration caused by GRN mutations.
لینک منبع 👇🏻(further reading)👇🏻
www.eneuro.org/content/early/2017/08/09/ENEURO.0100-17.2017
📢کانال #دکترامیرمحمدشهسوارانی
🍃🌹🌸💐🌸🌹🍃
@DrAmirMohammadShahsavarani
eNeuro
Intracellular Proteolysis of Progranulin Generates Stable, Lysosomal Granulins That Are Haploinsufficient in Patients with Frontotemporal…
Homozygous or heterozygous mutations in the GRN gene, encoding progranulin (PGRN), cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD), respectively. NCL and FTD are characterized by lysosome dysfunction and neurodegeneration, indicating…
♻️رابطه #باکتری های دستگاه گوارش با بیماری های #خودایمنی #روده و #دیابت
A #Gut #Microbial Mimic that Hijacks #Diabetogenic #Autoreactivity to #Suppress #Colitis
درپژوهشی که به تازگی منتشر شده است، متخصصان فیزیولوژی و فارماکولوی دانشگاه کلگری 🇺🇸 دریافتند می توان با تقویت #باکتری های #دستگاه #گوارش بیماری های خودایمنی را درمان نمود.
🔬در این پژوهش که بر #مدل #موش صورت گرفت، مشخص شد نوعی از باکتری های موجود در دستگاه گوارش می توانند #التهاب #روده را کنترل کرده و کاهش دهند؛ به این ترتیب در حقیقت این باکتری ها می توانند بعنوان درمانگر برای #بیماریهای خودایمنی روده (بویژه #عفونت و التهاب روده، #IBD) عمل نمایند.
📚در IBD، #سلولهای #T به حضور باکتری های عامل این بیماری واکنشی بیش از حد طبیعی نشان می دهند که منجر به التهاب و عفونت گسترده و مزمن در فرد بیمار می شود. مکانیزمی مشابه نیز در بیماری #دیابت دیده می شود.
🔆👈🏻بنابراین، تقویت و بهینه سازی باکتری های روده می تواند بعنوان روش درمانی موثری برای بهبود مشکلات التهابی روده و نیز دیابت به کار رود.
Abstract
#The #gut #microbiota contributes to the development of #normal #immunity but, when #dysregulated, can promote #autoimmunity through various non-antigen-specific effects on #pathogenic and #regulatory #lymphocytes. Here, we show that an integrase expressed by several species of the #gut #microbial #genus #Bacteroides encodes a #low-avidity #mimotope of the #pancreatic #β #cell #autoantigen #islet-specific #glucose-6-phosphatase-catalytic-subunit-related protein (#IGRP206-214). Studies in #germ-free #mice #monocolonized with integrase-competent, #integrase-deficient, and #integrase-transgenic Bacteroides demonstrate that the microbial epitope promotes the recruitment of #diabetogenic #CD8+ #T #cells to the gut. There, these effectors suppress #colitis by targeting microbial #antigen-loaded, antigen-presenting cells in an #integrin #β7-, #perforin-, and major #histocompatibility complex class I-dependent manner. Like their #murine #counterparts, #human #peripheral #blood T cells also recognize Bacteroides integrase. These data suggest that gut microbial antigen-specific #cytotoxic T cells may have therapeutic value in inflammatory bowel disease and unearth #molecular mimicry as a novel mechanism by which the #gut microbiota can regulate normal #immune #homeostasis.
لینک منبع 👇🏻(further reading)👇🏻
http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)31116-9
✅(در صورت جذابیت و علاقمندی به موضوع، مطلب را برای دیگران نیز بازنشر فرمایید).
📢کانال #دکترامیرمحمدشهسوارانی
🍃🌹🌸💐🌸🌹🍃
@DrAmirMohammadShahsavarani
A #Gut #Microbial Mimic that Hijacks #Diabetogenic #Autoreactivity to #Suppress #Colitis
درپژوهشی که به تازگی منتشر شده است، متخصصان فیزیولوژی و فارماکولوی دانشگاه کلگری 🇺🇸 دریافتند می توان با تقویت #باکتری های #دستگاه #گوارش بیماری های خودایمنی را درمان نمود.
🔬در این پژوهش که بر #مدل #موش صورت گرفت، مشخص شد نوعی از باکتری های موجود در دستگاه گوارش می توانند #التهاب #روده را کنترل کرده و کاهش دهند؛ به این ترتیب در حقیقت این باکتری ها می توانند بعنوان درمانگر برای #بیماریهای خودایمنی روده (بویژه #عفونت و التهاب روده، #IBD) عمل نمایند.
📚در IBD، #سلولهای #T به حضور باکتری های عامل این بیماری واکنشی بیش از حد طبیعی نشان می دهند که منجر به التهاب و عفونت گسترده و مزمن در فرد بیمار می شود. مکانیزمی مشابه نیز در بیماری #دیابت دیده می شود.
🔆👈🏻بنابراین، تقویت و بهینه سازی باکتری های روده می تواند بعنوان روش درمانی موثری برای بهبود مشکلات التهابی روده و نیز دیابت به کار رود.
Abstract
#The #gut #microbiota contributes to the development of #normal #immunity but, when #dysregulated, can promote #autoimmunity through various non-antigen-specific effects on #pathogenic and #regulatory #lymphocytes. Here, we show that an integrase expressed by several species of the #gut #microbial #genus #Bacteroides encodes a #low-avidity #mimotope of the #pancreatic #β #cell #autoantigen #islet-specific #glucose-6-phosphatase-catalytic-subunit-related protein (#IGRP206-214). Studies in #germ-free #mice #monocolonized with integrase-competent, #integrase-deficient, and #integrase-transgenic Bacteroides demonstrate that the microbial epitope promotes the recruitment of #diabetogenic #CD8+ #T #cells to the gut. There, these effectors suppress #colitis by targeting microbial #antigen-loaded, antigen-presenting cells in an #integrin #β7-, #perforin-, and major #histocompatibility complex class I-dependent manner. Like their #murine #counterparts, #human #peripheral #blood T cells also recognize Bacteroides integrase. These data suggest that gut microbial antigen-specific #cytotoxic T cells may have therapeutic value in inflammatory bowel disease and unearth #molecular mimicry as a novel mechanism by which the #gut microbiota can regulate normal #immune #homeostasis.
لینک منبع 👇🏻(further reading)👇🏻
http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)31116-9
✅(در صورت جذابیت و علاقمندی به موضوع، مطلب را برای دیگران نیز بازنشر فرمایید).
📢کانال #دکترامیرمحمدشهسوارانی
🍃🌹🌸💐🌸🌹🍃
@DrAmirMohammadShahsavarani
Abstract
Sleep, a mysterious #behavior, has recently been recognized as a crucial factor for #health and #longevity. The daily sleep/wake #cycle provides the basis of #biorhythms controlling whole-body #homeostasis and #homeodynamics; therefore, #disruption of sleep causes several #physical and #psychological disorders, including #cardiovascular disease, #obesity, #diabetes, #cancer, #anxiety, #depression, and #cognitive #dysfunction. However, the mechanism linking sleep disturbances and sleep-related disorders remains unknown. #Orexin (also known as #hypocretin) is a #neuropeptide produced in the #hypothalamus. Central levels of orexin #oscillate with the #daily #rhythm and #peak at the #awake phase. Orexin plays a major role in #stabilizing the #wakefulness state. Orexin deficiency causes sleep/wake-state instability, resulting in #narcolepsy. Hyper-activation of the orexin system also causes sleep disturbances, such as #insomnia, and hence, #suvorexant, an orexin #receptor #antagonist, has been clinically used to treat insomnia. Importantly, central actions of orexin regulate #motivated behaviors, #stress response, and #energy/glucose #metabolism by coordinating the central-#autonomic #nervous systems and #endocrine systems. These multiple actions of orexin maintain #survival. However, it remains unknown whether chronopharmacological interventions targeting the orexin system ameliorate sleep-related disorders as well as sleep in humans. To understand the significance of adequate orexin action for #prevention of these disorders, this review summarizes the #physiological functions of daily orexin action and #pathological implications of its mistimed or reduced action in sleep disturbances and sleep-related disorders (#lifestyle-related physical and #neurological disorders in particular). Timed administration of drugs targeting the orexin system may prevent lifestyle-related diseases by improving the #quality of #life (#QOL) in #patients with sleep disturbances.
لینک منبع پیشنهادی برای مطالعه بیشتر 👇🏻(further reading)👇🏻
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.010
✅(در صورت جذابیت و علاقمندی به موضوع، مطلب را برای دیگران نیز بازنشر فرمایید).
📢کانال #دکترامیرمحمدشهسوارانی
🍃🌹🌸💐🌸🌹🍃
@DrAmirMohammadShahsavarani
Sleep, a mysterious #behavior, has recently been recognized as a crucial factor for #health and #longevity. The daily sleep/wake #cycle provides the basis of #biorhythms controlling whole-body #homeostasis and #homeodynamics; therefore, #disruption of sleep causes several #physical and #psychological disorders, including #cardiovascular disease, #obesity, #diabetes, #cancer, #anxiety, #depression, and #cognitive #dysfunction. However, the mechanism linking sleep disturbances and sleep-related disorders remains unknown. #Orexin (also known as #hypocretin) is a #neuropeptide produced in the #hypothalamus. Central levels of orexin #oscillate with the #daily #rhythm and #peak at the #awake phase. Orexin plays a major role in #stabilizing the #wakefulness state. Orexin deficiency causes sleep/wake-state instability, resulting in #narcolepsy. Hyper-activation of the orexin system also causes sleep disturbances, such as #insomnia, and hence, #suvorexant, an orexin #receptor #antagonist, has been clinically used to treat insomnia. Importantly, central actions of orexin regulate #motivated behaviors, #stress response, and #energy/glucose #metabolism by coordinating the central-#autonomic #nervous systems and #endocrine systems. These multiple actions of orexin maintain #survival. However, it remains unknown whether chronopharmacological interventions targeting the orexin system ameliorate sleep-related disorders as well as sleep in humans. To understand the significance of adequate orexin action for #prevention of these disorders, this review summarizes the #physiological functions of daily orexin action and #pathological implications of its mistimed or reduced action in sleep disturbances and sleep-related disorders (#lifestyle-related physical and #neurological disorders in particular). Timed administration of drugs targeting the orexin system may prevent lifestyle-related diseases by improving the #quality of #life (#QOL) in #patients with sleep disturbances.
لینک منبع پیشنهادی برای مطالعه بیشتر 👇🏻(further reading)👇🏻
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.010
✅(در صورت جذابیت و علاقمندی به موضوع، مطلب را برای دیگران نیز بازنشر فرمایید).
📢کانال #دکترامیرمحمدشهسوارانی
🍃🌹🌸💐🌸🌹🍃
@DrAmirMohammadShahsavarani