#immunology and #microbiology
#usmle #step1
#2019

2019 Mims' Medical Microbiology and Immunology 6th Edition

#microbiology

🔴المرجع المعتمد من الدكتورة /نبيلة الشايف 🔴

#Microbiology
ملخص parasite
#GIT
#اللجنة_العلمية_جامعة_تعز

💠E coli :
Straight gram - rods (bacillus), faculatitive anaerobe lactose fermenter (salmonella & shigella not)
✵We have 3 antigenic types :o(cell wall antigen) , h (flagellar antigen) and k (capsular antigen)
●E coli found as normal flora in the colon but when migrated into surrounding organs (urogenital organs) it can cause disease
●It can cause traveler diarrhoea , neonatal meningitis & some spp can cause bloody diarrhoea (enterohemorrhagic E coli O157 that acquired from uncooked meat)
✵Lab investigation :
Lactose fermentation test (it is lactose fermenter)
Then :when I wabt to distinguish it from other lactose fermenter organisms I will put tryptophan which converted into indole by E coli
It use acetate as only source of of carbon, and decarboxylate lysine
Motility test also done for identification purpose (it is motile bacteria)

✵Treatment :usually antibiotic treatment is not necessary for E coli diarrheal disease but using of lopramide or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may shorten the duration
The most important thing for treatment is rehydration

✵Prevention :avoid contamination of water and food having the organism


✺HUS :hymolytic uremic syndrome
It is one of the complications of E coli infection
Is triad of (hemolytic anemia, renal failure &thrombocytopenia)
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFaAU7N02eRr5f7MJA
#GITblock
#microbiology

🔬Salmonella:

⚠️I will talk about it with more details because of it's commeness and importance


⭕️Is gram -ive rods that do not ferment lactose but produce H2S (this feature used in diagnosis) their antigens o(cell wall ) from A to I,H(flagellar ) two types 1&2,vi(capsular or virulence or antiphagositic) are important for taxonomic and epidemiologic purpose
🔅There are three method to naming Salmonella the most important is clinical one which divide it into 2 spp : typhoidal spp (which are salmonella typhi and paratyphi) and nontyphoidal spp (s. Enterica)

🔆Salmonella cause three types of infection (enterocolitis, enteric fever and septicemia)
➊/ enterocolitis : characterize by invasion of the epithelial and subepithelial tissue of the small and large intestine resulting inflammation and diarrhoea, then neutrophil limit the disease (bacteremia is not common) 100000 organism needed to cause the dx while shigella enterocolitis need just 100 organism , salmonella enterocoltis is self limited dx with abdominal pain and diarrhoea (mild to sever)
❷/typhoid fever caused by s,.typhi and enteric fever caused by Salmonella paratyphi begin at small intestine but few GI symptoms occur, organism multiply in phagocytes of peyers patches then spread to liver ,gall blader and spleen, this lead to bacteremia and symptom apearance (constipation and fever and rose spot and tender abdomen and enlarged spleen in some cases) probably caused by endotoxin
*rose spot is rose colored macule in the abdomen
❸/septicemia in 5% of cases, it happen in 2 conditions child with enterocholitis or pt with chronic dx ,it is caused by s. Choleraesuis, symptoms start with fever with No enterocolitis then preceed to focal symptoms
✺typhoid fever only transmitted by human

✺incubation period of dx is 12_48 h
✺only 3% of typhoid pt become chronic carrier
✺the carrier rate higher in female more than male

🔬Lab diagnisis :
1/blood culture
2/bone marrow culture
3/stool culture
4/agglutination test based on it's O antigen
5/widal test ( is serologic test made by detecting antibody titer in pt serum)
6/sensitivity test done to know the best drug to used to the dx

💊It treated by ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin for acute pt, and ampicillin for chronic carrier, cholecystectomy may be necessary for chronic one

🚱Prevention is done by early detection anf treatment of pt ,and personal hygiene, also there are 2 available vaccine used in high risk areas

Spp= species
Pt= patient
Dx= disease

#GITblock
#microbiology
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFaAU7N02eRr5f7MJA

اختصار كل الميكرو والربشه الحاصله..هاذ عشان في الاخنبار مجرد اذ مثلا جاب لك تيوب وقال اتعرف عليه ايشو..

نبدا يكون السطح مائل حق التيوب اقول هاذ KIA
عرفت ايشو الان نشوف
يعني اذ جاب في البروجكتر
.tube
KIM
لونه Redع Yellow اقول هاذ ع طول نوعين من يعملين كذا
1-shigella
2-V.cholera
لو شفت اسود كامل الKIA اقول هاذ والmedia مرتفعه ب سبب الغاز
1-salmonella
2-P.vulgaris
3-P mirabilis
وكذالك لو جاب KIA ولونه اصفر ومرتفع ب سبب الغاز اقول هاذا
KIA IN
1-E coli
2-klebsiella.
الي الان يعتبر خلصنا اعتقد KIM.

نشوف SIM
كيف
اعرفه ان انا فيSIM اشوف سطح التيوب مستوي مش نفسKIA مائل.
...
SIM
اذ شفته اصفر الtube اقول هاذ
SIM IN
1-shigella
2-klebsiella
اذ جاب التيوب ولونه اسود وفي راسه عقال احمر indol اقول هاذا SIM IN
1-P valgaris

اما اذ جاء اسود ومابش في راسه عقال indole اقول هاذ
1-salmonella
2-P mirabilis
واذ جاء التيوب اصفر وفي راسه عقال indol اقول هاذ SIM IN
1-E coli
2-V cholera
انتهينا الان واعتقد واضح ان شاءالله.
نشوف uearas test
اذ جاء ب الون الاحمر اقول هاذ positive
اذ جاء في الاختبار تيوب احمر فاقع لونه اقول هاذ
ueara test positive in
1-klebsiella
2-P mirabilis
3-P.vulgaris
واذ جاء ب الون الاصفر فهو negative ويكون معا البقيه.
اقول
uearas test negative in
1-shigella
2-salmonella
3-V.cholera
4-E.coli
نشوف الان citrate اذ جاء تيوب ب الون الازرق اقول هاذ
citrate test positive in
1-klebsiella
2-P mirabilis
3-vulgaris.
والبقيه اذ جاء ب الون الاخضر يكونnegative
1-shigella
2-salmonellaبعضها
3-V.cholera
4-E.coli
كل التوفيق Ga A🌷

#git_block
#microbiology #lab

💠E coli :
Straight gram - rods (bacillus), faculatitive anaerobe lactose fermenter (salmonella & shigella not)
✵We have 3 antigenic types :o(cell wall antigen) , h (flagellar antigen) and k (capsular antigen)
●E coli found as normal flora in the colon but when migrated into surrounding organs (urogenital organs) it can cause disease
●It can cause traveler diarrhoea , neonatal meningitis & some spp can cause bloody diarrhoea (enterohemorrhagic E coli O157 that acquired from uncooked meat)
✵Lab investigation :
Lactose fermentation test (it is lactose fermenter)
Then :when I wabt to distinguish it from other lactose fermenter organisms I will put tryptophan which converted into indole by E coli
It use acetate as only source of of carbon, and decarboxylate lysine
Motility test also done for identification purpose (it is motile bacteria)

✵Treatment :usually antibiotic treatment is not necessary for E coli diarrheal disease but using of lopramide or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may shorten the duration
The most important thing for treatment is rehydration

✵Prevention :avoid contamination of water and food having the organism


✺HUS :hymolytic uremic syndrome
It is one of the complications of E coli infection
Is triad of (hemolytic anemia, renal failure &thrombocytopenia)
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFaAU7N02eRr5f7MJA
#GITblock
#microbiology

🔬Salmonella:

⚠️I will talk about it with more details because of it's commeness and importance


⭕️Is gram -ive rods that do not ferment lactose but produce H2S (this feature used in diagnosis) their antigens o(cell wall ) from A to I,H(flagellar ) two types 1&2,vi(capsular or virulence or antiphagositic) are important for taxonomic and epidemiologic purpose
🔅There are three method to naming Salmonella the most important is clinical one which divide it into 2 spp : typhoidal spp (which are salmonella typhi and paratyphi) and nontyphoidal spp (s. Enterica)

🔆Salmonella cause three types of infection (enterocolitis, enteric fever and septicemia)
➊/ enterocolitis : characterize by invasion of the epithelial and subepithelial tissue of the small and large intestine resulting inflammation and diarrhoea, then neutrophil limit the disease (bacteremia is not common) 100000 organism needed to cause the dx while shigella enterocolitis need just 100 organism , salmonella enterocoltis is self limited dx with abdominal pain and diarrhoea (mild to sever)
❷/typhoid fever caused by s,.typhi and enteric fever caused by Salmonella paratyphi begin at small intestine but few GI symptoms occur, organism multiply in phagocytes of peyers patches then spread to liver ,gall blader and spleen, this lead to bacteremia and symptom apearance (constipation and fever and rose spot and tender abdomen and enlarged spleen in some cases) probably caused by endotoxin
*rose spot is rose colored macule in the abdomen
❸/septicemia in 5% of cases, it happen in 2 conditions child with enterocholitis or pt with chronic dx ,it is caused by s. Choleraesuis, symptoms start with fever with No enterocolitis then preceed to focal symptoms
✺typhoid fever only transmitted by human

✺incubation period of dx is 12_48 h
✺only 3% of typhoid pt become chronic carrier
✺the carrier rate higher in female more than male

🔬Lab diagnisis :
1/blood culture
2/bone marrow culture
3/stool culture
4/agglutination test based on it's O antigen
5/widal test ( is serologic test made by detecting antibody titer in pt serum)
6/sensitivity test done to know the best drug to used to the dx

💊It treated by ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin for acute pt, and ampicillin for chronic carrier, cholecystectomy may be necessary for chronic one

🚱Prevention is done by early detection anf treatment of pt ,and personal hygiene, also there are 2 available vaccine used in high risk areas

Spp= species
Pt= patient
Dx= disease

#GITblock
#microbiology
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFaAU7N02eRr5f7MJA

#MCQ
#microbiology
#git_block

تجميــع / عبدالله هميلة
عبدالرحمن جحندل

امتحان الورقة الثانية بلوك دم دفعة 1
Pepar 2
#pathology
#microbiology #parasitology
#Hematology #block
#اللجنة_العلمية_المركزية
#ملتقى_الطالب_الجامعي
#جامعة_21_سبتمبر