✴️ملخــــص راائـــــع لأعضـــاء البطــن الموجــودة في البروتينيوم والذي خارجــــه 😍
▃▃ ▃▃ ▃▃ ▃▃ ▃▃ ▃▃
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFaAU7N02eRr5f7MJA


⚫️ Intraperitoneal organs :-

(SALTED SPRSS)

Stomach
Appendix
Liver
Transverse colon
Duodenoum(only the 1st part)
Small intestines
Pancreas(only the tail)
Sugmoid colon
Spleen

⚫️ Retroperitoneal organs :-

(SADPUCKER)

Suprarenal glands
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (all but the 1st part)
Pancreas (all but the tail)
Ureter and bladder
Colon(ascending and decending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum(lower two thirds)

⚫️ secondary retropritoneal organs:-
Pancreas
Colon (only ascending and descending)
Duodenum (only parts 2-4)

#GITblock

💠E coli :
Straight gram - rods (bacillus), faculatitive anaerobe lactose fermenter (salmonella & shigella not)
✵We have 3 antigenic types :o(cell wall antigen) , h (flagellar antigen) and k (capsular antigen)
●E coli found as normal flora in the colon but when migrated into surrounding organs (urogenital organs) it can cause disease
●It can cause traveler diarrhoea , neonatal meningitis & some spp can cause bloody diarrhoea (enterohemorrhagic E coli O157 that acquired from uncooked meat)
✵Lab investigation :
Lactose fermentation test (it is lactose fermenter)
Then :when I wabt to distinguish it from other lactose fermenter organisms I will put tryptophan which converted into indole by E coli
It use acetate as only source of of carbon, and decarboxylate lysine
Motility test also done for identification purpose (it is motile bacteria)

✵Treatment :usually antibiotic treatment is not necessary for E coli diarrheal disease but using of lopramide or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may shorten the duration
The most important thing for treatment is rehydration

✵Prevention :avoid contamination of water and food having the organism


✺HUS :hymolytic uremic syndrome
It is one of the complications of E coli infection
Is triad of (hemolytic anemia, renal failure &thrombocytopenia)
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFaAU7N02eRr5f7MJA
#GITblock
#microbiology

🔬Salmonella:

⚠️I will talk about it with more details because of it's commeness and importance


⭕️Is gram -ive rods that do not ferment lactose but produce H2S (this feature used in diagnosis) their antigens o(cell wall ) from A to I,H(flagellar ) two types 1&2,vi(capsular or virulence or antiphagositic) are important for taxonomic and epidemiologic purpose
🔅There are three method to naming Salmonella the most important is clinical one which divide it into 2 spp : typhoidal spp (which are salmonella typhi and paratyphi) and nontyphoidal spp (s. Enterica)

🔆Salmonella cause three types of infection (enterocolitis, enteric fever and septicemia)
➊/ enterocolitis : characterize by invasion of the epithelial and subepithelial tissue of the small and large intestine resulting inflammation and diarrhoea, then neutrophil limit the disease (bacteremia is not common) 100000 organism needed to cause the dx while shigella enterocolitis need just 100 organism , salmonella enterocoltis is self limited dx with abdominal pain and diarrhoea (mild to sever)
❷/typhoid fever caused by s,.typhi and enteric fever caused by Salmonella paratyphi begin at small intestine but few GI symptoms occur, organism multiply in phagocytes of peyers patches then spread to liver ,gall blader and spleen, this lead to bacteremia and symptom apearance (constipation and fever and rose spot and tender abdomen and enlarged spleen in some cases) probably caused by endotoxin
*rose spot is rose colored macule in the abdomen
❸/septicemia in 5% of cases, it happen in 2 conditions child with enterocholitis or pt with chronic dx ,it is caused by s. Choleraesuis, symptoms start with fever with No enterocolitis then preceed to focal symptoms
✺typhoid fever only transmitted by human

✺incubation period of dx is 12_48 h
✺only 3% of typhoid pt become chronic carrier
✺the carrier rate higher in female more than male

🔬Lab diagnisis :
1/blood culture
2/bone marrow culture
3/stool culture
4/agglutination test based on it's O antigen
5/widal test ( is serologic test made by detecting antibody titer in pt serum)
6/sensitivity test done to know the best drug to used to the dx

💊It treated by ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin for acute pt, and ampicillin for chronic carrier, cholecystectomy may be necessary for chronic one

🚱Prevention is done by early detection anf treatment of pt ,and personal hygiene, also there are 2 available vaccine used in high risk areas

Spp= species
Pt= patient
Dx= disease

#GITblock
#microbiology
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFaAU7N02eRr5f7MJA

💠E coli :
Straight gram - rods (bacillus), faculatitive anaerobe lactose fermenter (salmonella & shigella not)
✵We have 3 antigenic types :o(cell wall antigen) , h (flagellar antigen) and k (capsular antigen)
●E coli found as normal flora in the colon but when migrated into surrounding organs (urogenital organs) it can cause disease
●It can cause traveler diarrhoea , neonatal meningitis & some spp can cause bloody diarrhoea (enterohemorrhagic E coli O157 that acquired from uncooked meat)
✵Lab investigation :
Lactose fermentation test (it is lactose fermenter)
Then :when I wabt to distinguish it from other lactose fermenter organisms I will put tryptophan which converted into indole by E coli
It use acetate as only source of of carbon, and decarboxylate lysine
Motility test also done for identification purpose (it is motile bacteria)

✵Treatment :usually antibiotic treatment is not necessary for E coli diarrheal disease but using of lopramide or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may shorten the duration
The most important thing for treatment is rehydration

✵Prevention :avoid contamination of water and food having the organism


✺HUS :hymolytic uremic syndrome
It is one of the complications of E coli infection
Is triad of (hemolytic anemia, renal failure &thrombocytopenia)
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFaAU7N02eRr5f7MJA
#GITblock
#microbiology

🔬Salmonella:

⚠️I will talk about it with more details because of it's commeness and importance


⭕️Is gram -ive rods that do not ferment lactose but produce H2S (this feature used in diagnosis) their antigens o(cell wall ) from A to I,H(flagellar ) two types 1&2,vi(capsular or virulence or antiphagositic) are important for taxonomic and epidemiologic purpose
🔅There are three method to naming Salmonella the most important is clinical one which divide it into 2 spp : typhoidal spp (which are salmonella typhi and paratyphi) and nontyphoidal spp (s. Enterica)

🔆Salmonella cause three types of infection (enterocolitis, enteric fever and septicemia)
➊/ enterocolitis : characterize by invasion of the epithelial and subepithelial tissue of the small and large intestine resulting inflammation and diarrhoea, then neutrophil limit the disease (bacteremia is not common) 100000 organism needed to cause the dx while shigella enterocolitis need just 100 organism , salmonella enterocoltis is self limited dx with abdominal pain and diarrhoea (mild to sever)
❷/typhoid fever caused by s,.typhi and enteric fever caused by Salmonella paratyphi begin at small intestine but few GI symptoms occur, organism multiply in phagocytes of peyers patches then spread to liver ,gall blader and spleen, this lead to bacteremia and symptom apearance (constipation and fever and rose spot and tender abdomen and enlarged spleen in some cases) probably caused by endotoxin
*rose spot is rose colored macule in the abdomen
❸/septicemia in 5% of cases, it happen in 2 conditions child with enterocholitis or pt with chronic dx ,it is caused by s. Choleraesuis, symptoms start with fever with No enterocolitis then preceed to focal symptoms
✺typhoid fever only transmitted by human

✺incubation period of dx is 12_48 h
✺only 3% of typhoid pt become chronic carrier
✺the carrier rate higher in female more than male

🔬Lab diagnisis :
1/blood culture
2/bone marrow culture
3/stool culture
4/agglutination test based on it's O antigen
5/widal test ( is serologic test made by detecting antibody titer in pt serum)
6/sensitivity test done to know the best drug to used to the dx

💊It treated by ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin for acute pt, and ampicillin for chronic carrier, cholecystectomy may be necessary for chronic one

🚱Prevention is done by early detection anf treatment of pt ,and personal hygiene, also there are 2 available vaccine used in high risk areas

Spp= species
Pt= patient
Dx= disease

#GITblock
#microbiology
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFaAU7N02eRr5f7MJA