🔆 India’s Health Indicators
📍 Key Health Statistics
✅ Life Expectancy at Birth ~ 70 years (62 years in 2000, 67 years in 2010)
✅ Infant Mortality Rate = 28/1000
✅ Neonatal Mortality Rate = 20/1000 (SDG target 12)
✅ Under 5 Mortality Rate = 32/1000 (SDG target 25)
✅ Maternal Mortality Rate = 97/1000 (SDG target 70)
✅ Sex Ratio at Birth = 1020/1000 (was 943 in 2011)
📍 Health Expenditure
✅ Health Expenditure = ~ 3.8% of GDP (40% public, 60% private)
✅ Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOP) = 1.5% GDP, 13% monthly per capita
✅ Doctor-Population Ratio = 1:834 (better than WHO’s 1:1000)
✅ Health Workers per 10,000 Population = 49
📍 Health Delivery & Immunization
✅ Institutional Deliveries = 97.18%
✅ Children Aged 9-11 Months Fully Immunised = 93.23%
📍 Health Challenges
✅ Deaths from Non-Communicable Diseases = Over 60% of total deaths in India
✅ TB Burden = Highest in the world (28%) and highest number of Multi-drug resistant TB cases
✅ Tuberculosis Cases Notified = 87.13% against the target
📍 Progress in Tuberculosis (TB) Control
✅ TB Decline = 18% dip in TB cases over the past 10 years, more than double the global rate; 24% reduction in deaths, higher than the global average of 23%
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📍 Key Health Statistics
✅ Life Expectancy at Birth ~ 70 years (62 years in 2000, 67 years in 2010)
✅ Infant Mortality Rate = 28/1000
✅ Neonatal Mortality Rate = 20/1000 (SDG target 12)
✅ Under 5 Mortality Rate = 32/1000 (SDG target 25)
✅ Maternal Mortality Rate = 97/1000 (SDG target 70)
✅ Sex Ratio at Birth = 1020/1000 (was 943 in 2011)
📍 Health Expenditure
✅ Health Expenditure = ~ 3.8% of GDP (40% public, 60% private)
✅ Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOP) = 1.5% GDP, 13% monthly per capita
✅ Doctor-Population Ratio = 1:834 (better than WHO’s 1:1000)
✅ Health Workers per 10,000 Population = 49
📍 Health Delivery & Immunization
✅ Institutional Deliveries = 97.18%
✅ Children Aged 9-11 Months Fully Immunised = 93.23%
📍 Health Challenges
✅ Deaths from Non-Communicable Diseases = Over 60% of total deaths in India
✅ TB Burden = Highest in the world (28%) and highest number of Multi-drug resistant TB cases
✅ Tuberculosis Cases Notified = 87.13% against the target
📍 Progress in Tuberculosis (TB) Control
✅ TB Decline = 18% dip in TB cases over the past 10 years, more than double the global rate; 24% reduction in deaths, higher than the global average of 23%
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🔆 Education Stats
📍 Literacy Rates
✅ Overall: 77%, Male: 84%, Female: 70%, Urban: 88%, Rural: 74% (NSO)
📍 Government Spending
✅ Education: 3.5% of GDP (Ministry of Education)
📍 Enrolment Ratios
✅ Primary: 98%, Secondary: 80%, Senior Secondary: 58% (ASER report)
📍 Government Schools
✅ Enrolment: 73% in 2022 (up from 65% in 2018) (ASER report)
📍 Reading Ability
✅ Class 2 Text: 42% of children could read (down from 50% in 2018) (ASER report)
📍 School Infrastructure
✅ 88.65% of schools have electricity & drinking water
✅ 47.50% schools have computers (SDG India Index 2024)
📍 Higher Education
✅ Gross Enrolment: 28% (51% male, 49% female) (AISHE, Ministry of Education)
✅ Public vs Private: 60% public, 40% private universities (AISHE)
📍 Engineering Students
✅ 39 lakh students (29% women) in 2021-22 (AISHE)
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📍 Literacy Rates
✅ Overall: 77%, Male: 84%, Female: 70%, Urban: 88%, Rural: 74% (NSO)
📍 Government Spending
✅ Education: 3.5% of GDP (Ministry of Education)
📍 Enrolment Ratios
✅ Primary: 98%, Secondary: 80%, Senior Secondary: 58% (ASER report)
📍 Government Schools
✅ Enrolment: 73% in 2022 (up from 65% in 2018) (ASER report)
📍 Reading Ability
✅ Class 2 Text: 42% of children could read (down from 50% in 2018) (ASER report)
📍 School Infrastructure
✅ 88.65% of schools have electricity & drinking water
✅ 47.50% schools have computers (SDG India Index 2024)
📍 Higher Education
✅ Gross Enrolment: 28% (51% male, 49% female) (AISHE, Ministry of Education)
✅ Public vs Private: 60% public, 40% private universities (AISHE)
📍 Engineering Students
✅ 39 lakh students (29% women) in 2021-22 (AISHE)
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🔆 Education Stats
📍 Literacy Rates
✅ Overall: 77%, Male: 84%, Female: 70%, Urban: 88%, Rural: 74% (NSO)
📍 Government Spending
✅ Education: 3.5% of GDP (Ministry of Education)
📍 Enrolment Ratios
✅ Primary: 98%, Secondary: 80%, Senior Secondary: 58% (ASER report)
📍 Government Schools
✅ Enrolment: 73% in 2022 (up from 65% in 2018) (ASER report)
📍 Reading Ability
✅ Class 2 Text: 42% of children could read (down from 50% in 2018) (ASER report)
📍 School Infrastructure
✅ 88.65% of schools have electricity & drinking water
✅ 47.50% schools have computers (SDG India Index 2024)
📍 Higher Education
✅ Gross Enrolment: 28% (51% male, 49% female) (AISHE, Ministry of Education)
✅ Public vs Private: 60% public, 40% private universities (AISHE)
📍 Engineering Students
✅ 39 lakh students (29% women) in 2021-22 (AISHE)
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📍 Literacy Rates
✅ Overall: 77%, Male: 84%, Female: 70%, Urban: 88%, Rural: 74% (NSO)
📍 Government Spending
✅ Education: 3.5% of GDP (Ministry of Education)
📍 Enrolment Ratios
✅ Primary: 98%, Secondary: 80%, Senior Secondary: 58% (ASER report)
📍 Government Schools
✅ Enrolment: 73% in 2022 (up from 65% in 2018) (ASER report)
📍 Reading Ability
✅ Class 2 Text: 42% of children could read (down from 50% in 2018) (ASER report)
📍 School Infrastructure
✅ 88.65% of schools have electricity & drinking water
✅ 47.50% schools have computers (SDG India Index 2024)
📍 Higher Education
✅ Gross Enrolment: 28% (51% male, 49% female) (AISHE, Ministry of Education)
✅ Public vs Private: 60% public, 40% private universities (AISHE)
📍 Engineering Students
✅ 39 lakh students (29% women) in 2021-22 (AISHE)
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🔆 India’s Gender Parity, Transport, Trade & Governance – Key Updates (2025)
📍 1. Gender Parity in India: Mixed Progress
✅ India ranked 131/148 in Global Gender Gap Report 2025 (Score: 64.1%).
✅ Education: High parity at 97.1%.
✅ Political Empowerment dropped:
• Women in Parliament: 14.7% → 13.8%
• Ministerial roles: 6.5% → 5.6%
✅ Global concern: Despite 41.2% workforce share, women hold only 28.8% top leadership roles.
📍 2. Gender Gaps in South Asia
✅ South Asia’s Political Empowerment Score: 26.8%
✅ Only Bangladesh achieved head-of-state parity.
✅ Economic participation improving, but estimated income parity fell by 7.8%.
📍 3. Central Schemes Under ‘Effectiveness’ Lens
✅ All centrally funded schemes to show positive outcomes to continue beyond 2026.
✅ Sunset clause and 3rd-party evaluations introduced.
✅ MGNREGS: Outlay now tied to beneficiary count; upward revisions need Finance Dept. nod.
📍 4. Urban Transport & Mobility Shift
✅ PM E-Bus Sewa, PM e-Drive launched; target: 10,000+ e-buses.
✅ Trams offer 45% profitability over 7 decades; e-buses show 82% net loss.
✅ Budget promotes metro networks, but India still lacks mass transit coverage (only 37% urban access).
📍 5. U.S.–India Trade Relations & Tariffs
✅ India has a $35–40B surplus, yet U.S. cites $44B trade deficit using selective data.
✅ India insists on WTO-based, mutually agreed solutions.
✅ Any deal must protect digital services, remittances, and Indian exporters.
📍 6. Sustainability in Transit Planning
✅ India urged to invest in cost-effective, long-term tram systems.
✅ Move seen as a smart & timely shift towards climate-aligned, financially viable urban mobility.
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📍 1. Gender Parity in India: Mixed Progress
✅ India ranked 131/148 in Global Gender Gap Report 2025 (Score: 64.1%).
✅ Education: High parity at 97.1%.
✅ Political Empowerment dropped:
• Women in Parliament: 14.7% → 13.8%
• Ministerial roles: 6.5% → 5.6%
✅ Global concern: Despite 41.2% workforce share, women hold only 28.8% top leadership roles.
📍 2. Gender Gaps in South Asia
✅ South Asia’s Political Empowerment Score: 26.8%
✅ Only Bangladesh achieved head-of-state parity.
✅ Economic participation improving, but estimated income parity fell by 7.8%.
📍 3. Central Schemes Under ‘Effectiveness’ Lens
✅ All centrally funded schemes to show positive outcomes to continue beyond 2026.
✅ Sunset clause and 3rd-party evaluations introduced.
✅ MGNREGS: Outlay now tied to beneficiary count; upward revisions need Finance Dept. nod.
📍 4. Urban Transport & Mobility Shift
✅ PM E-Bus Sewa, PM e-Drive launched; target: 10,000+ e-buses.
✅ Trams offer 45% profitability over 7 decades; e-buses show 82% net loss.
✅ Budget promotes metro networks, but India still lacks mass transit coverage (only 37% urban access).
📍 5. U.S.–India Trade Relations & Tariffs
✅ India has a $35–40B surplus, yet U.S. cites $44B trade deficit using selective data.
✅ India insists on WTO-based, mutually agreed solutions.
✅ Any deal must protect digital services, remittances, and Indian exporters.
📍 6. Sustainability in Transit Planning
✅ India urged to invest in cost-effective, long-term tram systems.
✅ Move seen as a smart & timely shift towards climate-aligned, financially viable urban mobility.
#Data #GS2 #GS3 #GS1 #essay #social_issue #mains
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🔆 India’s Employment Landscape: 2023–24 Snapshot
📍 Sectoral Employment Share
✅ Agriculture – 45%
✅ Industry – 25%
✅ Services – 30%
📍 Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
✅ Overall (15+ yrs): 60.1%
✅ Male LFPR:
• 2017–18 → 75.1%
• 2023–24 → 77.5%
✅ Female LFPR:
• 2017–18 → 21.1%
• 2023–24 → 35.6%
✅ Rural LFPR: 50.7% → 63.7%
✅ Urban LFPR: 47.6% → 52.0%
📍 Female Workforce Global Context
✅ India (2023): 37%
✅ Global Average: 65%
📍 Unemployment Rate
✅ 2017–18 → 8.7%
✅ 2023–24 → 4.9%
📍 MGNREGA Employment Assurance
✅ 99.74% of job seekers received employment in 2023–24 under the scheme
#employment #GS3 #Data
📍 Sectoral Employment Share
✅ Agriculture – 45%
✅ Industry – 25%
✅ Services – 30%
📍 Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
✅ Overall (15+ yrs): 60.1%
✅ Male LFPR:
• 2017–18 → 75.1%
• 2023–24 → 77.5%
✅ Female LFPR:
• 2017–18 → 21.1%
• 2023–24 → 35.6%
✅ Rural LFPR: 50.7% → 63.7%
✅ Urban LFPR: 47.6% → 52.0%
📍 Female Workforce Global Context
✅ India (2023): 37%
✅ Global Average: 65%
📍 Unemployment Rate
✅ 2017–18 → 8.7%
✅ 2023–24 → 4.9%
📍 MGNREGA Employment Assurance
✅ 99.74% of job seekers received employment in 2023–24 under the scheme
#employment #GS3 #Data