لو بيجيلك ارانب العيادة او الصيدلية ومحتاج تكون فاهم من اول السلالات وانواعها وكمان التغذية في الارانب مهمة ومشاكلها كتير .....الخ يبقي كورس الارانب من vet plant ليك ،قدم الكورس معانا دكتور أحمد حسن مدير المعمل التخصصي لأمراض الدواجن في أسيوط
مشرف مزارع الدواجن البياض والتسمين
محاضر في العديد من كورسات ودورات الدواجن
🔴Rabbit Breeding Basics:
👉Identifying Different Breeds and Their Characteristics
👉Learn how to distinguish between rabbit breeds and understand the characteristics of each breed.
👉Growth Requirements and Daily Care
👉 Review the basics of daily care and the essential needs of rabbits.

🔴 Nutrition and Diet:
👉The Importance of Balanced Nutrition
👉 Explain how nutrition affects the health of rabbits.
👉How to Choose Feed and Supplements
👉 Tips for selecting the appropriate feed and dietary supplements to enhance the health of rabbits.

🔴Health and Disease Prevention:
👉Identifying Common Diseases and Treatment Method
👉(Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease - RHD)
👉(Pasteurellosis)
👉(Gastrointestinal Stasis)
👉(Fungal disease)
👉(parasitic Disease)
👉 (Pododermatitis)
👉(Coccidiosis)

👉Information about the most common diseases that affect rabbits and how to deal with them.
👉Prevention Protocols and Necessary Vaccinations
👉Strategies for disease prevention and the importance of vaccinations for rabbits.

🔴Breeding and Young Care:
👉Managing Pregnancy and Birth
👉Guidelines on how to manage pregnancy and birth in a healthy manner.
👉Caring for Young Rabbits and Their Development
👉Techniques and tips for caring for young rabbits and ensuring their proper growth.

🔴Handling Emergencies:
👉How to Handle Accidents and Emergencies
👉 Learn how to act in emergency situations and the necessary first aid for rabbits.
للتواصل معنا والاشتراك واتساب
https://wa.me/201515192469

🐾 بتواجه صعوبة في حالات الجراحة والتخدير في الـ Pet Animals؟
ونفسك تعرف تتعامل معاها صح ويبقى عندك خبرة أفضل في التعامل مع الحالات اللي بتقابلك في الـ Field؟ 🩺

أكاديمية Vet Plant جهّزتلك كورس اونلاين :

🎯 Pet Animals Anesthesia & Surgery: From Basics to Field Practice

📚 كورس عباره عن ٧ محاضرات :

💉 Anesthesia Fundamentals
🫁 Inhalational Anesthesia
🔪 Basic Surgical Principles
🧵 Sutures & Surgical Techniques
🏥 Common Field Surgery

👨🏻‍⚕️ مع أ.د. عوض رزق
أستاذ الجراحة والتخدير والأشعة
كلية الطب البيطري – جامعة المنصورة

💪🏻 كورس أونلاين يساعدك تفهم أساسيات الجراحة والتخدير، وتتعامل مع الحالات الجراحية لحد اتخاذ القرار المناسب.

📩 لو حابب تعرف تفاصيل الكورس، ابعتلنا دلوقتي على:
https://wa.me/201507343874

🩸 ANEMIA IN DOGS & CATS

انخفاض في RBC mass / hemoglobin / PCV-HCT → وبالتالي قدرة الدم على حمل الأكسجين للأنسجة بتقل.
والأنيميا مش مرض لوحدها؛ هي نتيجة لمشكلة تانية.
وأبسط طريقة نفكر بيها:
عندنا 3 طرق رئيسية للأنيميا:
1. 🩸 Blood loss → الحيوان بيفقد دم.
2. 🔥 Hemolysis → الـRBCs بتتكسر.
3. 🏭 Decreased production →
الـbone marrow مش بينتج RBCs كفاية.

وأول سؤال في الـCBC:
هل الأنيميا Regenerative ولا Non-regenerative؟

🩸 1. REGENERATIVE ANEMIA

يعني الـbone marrow شغال وبيحاول يعوض عن طريق إنتاج RBCs جديدة.
لذلك غالبًا بنفكر في:
🩸 Blood lossاو Hemolysis

⃣ BLOOD LOSS ANEMIA
الحيوان بيفقد RBCs كاملة من الدورة الدموية.

External bleeding& Trauma& Surgery
Bite wounds &Severe wounds& Epistaxis
GI bleeding & Internal bleeding
وده مهم جدًا في الـpets:

-Hemabdomen
-Ruptured splenic mass
-Ruptured hepatic mass
-GI ulcer & Tumors
-Coagulopathy &Severe parasitism
✔️العلامات لو فقد الدم بسرعة:

Pale mucous membranes
Tachycardia &Tachypnea
Weak pulses & Weakness
Collapse & Hypotension & Shock

لو chronic blood loss:
Lethargy & Weight loss
Exercise intolerance
Pale mucous membrane
طبعاً لازم تشخص وتكون عارف سبب الانيميا عشان تعالجه بالطريقة الصح .

🔴التشخيص التأكيدي ب CBC

في البداية ممكن مايبانش regenerative response لأن الـbone marrow يحتاج عدة أيام عشان يعوض.
فيحصل زيادة في
Reticulocyte
هي RBC immature بنقيسها بطريقة خاصة.
Polychromatophil
هي الـimmature RBC اللي بنشوفها على الـroutine blood smear بلون أزرق/بنفسجي.
Reticulocyte count ↑ + Polychromasia →
يدعم regenerative response.
↑ Anisocytosis اختلاف احجام كرات الدم

MCV ↑ أحيانًا

↓PCV + Total protein

العلاج

1. Stop the bleeding
ده أهم جزء.

2. Stabilization
IV access
Appropriate fluid resuscitation
Oxygen if needed
Monitor PCV/TP, perfusion, lactate
حسب الإمكانيات

3. Blood transfusion
لو الـanemia شديدة أو الحيوان clinically unstable:

Packed RBCs

لو المشكلة الأساسية anemia / oxygen-carrying capacity.

Whole blood

مفيد خصوصًا في acute major blood loss لأنه يعوض RBCs + plasma volume.

⃣ HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
هنا المشكلة مش إن الدم خرج من الجسم.

المشكلة:RBCs are being destroyed prematurely.
---

الأسباب
1. Immune-mediated
أهم مثال:
(IMHA)Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
الـimmune system بيهاجم RBCs.

2. Infectious hemolysis

Babesia اشهر الاسباب
Mycoplasma haemofelis في القطط
وبعض vector-borne/infectious diseases حسب الحالة والمنطقة
---
3. Oxidative damage

مهم جدًا في القطط مثل حالات
Acetaminophen & Onion & Garlic toxicity
في الحالات دي بتشوف ال
Heinz bodies & eccentrocytes

4. Mechanical hemolysis

RBCs ممكن تتكسر بسبب
mechanical/vascular injury في بعض الحالات.
---

علامات Hemolysis هنا عندك clues مهمة:
🟡 Icterus
بسبب زيادة bilirubin.
🟤 Dark urine
خصوصًا hemoglobinuria.
🔬 Blood smear

ممكن تشوفي:

Spherocytes،،Agglutination
Heinz bodies،،،Parasites،،،Polychromasia
🔴تشخيص Hemolytic Anemia هنبدأ ب CBC

غالبًا:Regenerative anemia وتلاقي Reticulocytes

ولو IMHA suspected:
Saline agglutination test
اختبار بسيط ومهم هسيبه ف الرسالة اللي بعدها

ويمكن:
Direct antiglobulin/Coombs test
حسب الحالة والإمكانيات.

---
علاج Hemolytic Anemia زي ما اتفقنا علاج السبب

Babesia → specific antiprotozoal protocol

Mycoplasma → appropriate antimicrobial therapy
---
لو oxidative toxicity:
Stop/remove the toxin
supportive care
وفي الحالات الشديدة:Blood transfusion
---
لو IMHA
العلاج الأساسي:Immunosuppression
غالبًا:Prednisone/prednisolone

مع:Antithrombotic/thromboprophylaxis
لأن thromboembolism من أخطر مضاعفات IMHA.
والـtransfusion لو الأنيميا شديدة أو المريض unstable.

---
🏭 2. NON-REGENERATIVE ANEMIA

هنا: Bone marrow isn't producing enough RBCs.
يعني بدل ما نسأل:
"Where did the RBCs go?"
نسأل:
"Why isn't the bone marrow producing enough?"

وأهم الأسباب:
1. Chronic disease/inflammation
2. Kidney disease
3. Iron deficiency
4. Bone marrow disease
5. Endocrine disease
6. Infectious disease
7. Drugs/toxins
8. Nutritional deficiencies

🔴التشخيص ب CBC

غالبًا:
Mild–moderate anemia
Normocytic,,Normochromic,,Non-regenerative

العلاج ؟!Treat the underlying disease.

مثلاً:
Chronic infection → treat infection
Chronic inflammatory disease → control inflammation
Neoplasia → oncology management
❌ مش كل anemia محتاجة iron.

RENAL ANEMIA Treat/manage CKD.

ثم:
Assess iron status
Nutritional support
Correct contributing factors
وفي الحالات clinically significant قد نحتاج:
Erythropoiesis-stimulating therapy

⃣ IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

أهم سبب في dogs & cats؟

غالبًا:Chronic blood loss
مش مجرد "الأكل ناقص iron".
---

الأسباب
Chronic GI bleeding،،Heavy parasitism
Chronic wounds،،Chronic urinary/
reproductive blood loss،،،GI tumors/ulceration
---

CBC
الـclassic pattern:
Microcytic + hypochromic
مع:
Non-regenerative أو inadequate regeneration
---
التشخيص
CBC،،MCV ↓،،،MCHC ↓
Iron studies،،Serum iron
Ferritin/TIBC
حسب available testing
والأهم:Find the source of blood loss.

العلاج

1. Stop the bleeding
2. Treat the underlying cause
3. Iron supplementation
❌ ماينفعش iron supplementation لوحده وتنسي السبب.

لذلك في unexplained feline anemia:

FeLV/FIV testing مهم

🔴ANEMIA
│
├── REGNERATIVE
│ │
│ ├── BLOOD LOSS
│ │ ├── External
│ │ └── Internal
│ │
│ └── HEMOLYSIS
│ ├── IMHA
│ ├── Infectious
│ ├── Oxidative
│ └── Mechanical
│
└── NON-REGENERATIVE
│
├── Chronic disease
├── Kidney disease ↓EPO
├── Iron deficiency
├── Bone marrow disease
├── Infection
├── Drugs/toxins
└── Endocrine/nutritional

بنعمل Saline Agglutination Test إزاي؟
ببساطة:
1️⃣ ناخد fresh blood
يفضل EDTA blood.
2️⃣ نحط نقطة blood على slide
3️⃣ نضيف عليها 0.9% normal saline
في الـslide test ممكن نبدأ بملاحظة الـmacroagglutination، وللتقييم المجهري يمكن عمل dilution مثل:
Blood : saline = 1 : 4
أو
1 : 10
ثم نفحصها تحت الميكروسكوب. �

🔬 النتيجة بتقول إيه؟
🟢 لو RBCs اتفرقت بعد إضافة saline
مثلاً:
قبل:
🔴🔴🔴🔴
بعد saline:
🔴 🔴 🔴 🔴
يبقى غالبًا اللي شفناه كان:
Rouleaux
وليس true agglutination.
🔴 لو RBCs فضلت متجمعة
قبل:
🔴🔴🔴
بعد saline:
🔴🔴🔴
ولسه عاملة clumps واضحة:
Positive saline agglutination
وده يدعم جدًا وجود:
Immune-mediated RBC destruction
خصوصًا لو المريض عنده evidence تاني للـhemolysis.
🩸 مثال Case
كلب عنده:
Severe regenerative anemia
PCV ↓
Reticulocytes ↑
Icterus
Bilirubin ↑
Spherocytes
RBC agglutination
نعمل saline agglutination.
لو positive:
يبقى عندنا evidence قوي جدًا يدعم:
IMHA
لكن مهم:
Positive saline agglutination لوحده مش معناه تلقائيًا إن الحيوان عنده IMHA.
لازم نفسر النتيجة مع باقي الصورة، لأن فيه أسباب للـpseudo-agglutination/artifacts، وخصوصًا لازم نفرقها عن rouleaux.

🔴RINGWORM (DERMATOPHYTOSIS)
IN DOGS & CATS

#1 What Is Ringworm?

Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection affecting keratinized tissues, mainly the skin, hair shafts, and claws.

* It is caused by fungi called dermatophytes.
* It is NOT caused by a worm 😂

* It is a zoonotic disease (can be transmitted from animals to human)

* Clinical presentation ranges from localized alopecia to generalized skin lesions.

#2. Causative Agents

* Microsporum canis: The most important cause in cats and a common cause in dogs.

* Microsporum gypseum): A soil-associated dermatophyte.

* Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex: May be associated with rodents, infected animals, or environmental exposure.

# 3. Transmission & Risk Factors

Transmission:

* Direct contact with infected animals.

* Indirect contact through contaminated bedding, brushes, cages, and other fomites.
اي حاجة هيتعامل معاها الحيوان المصاب تشكل مصدر عدوي
* Exposure to infected hairs and skin scales in the environment.

✔️Risk factors:

* Kittens and puppies.
* Immunocompromised or debilitated animals.
* Crowded shelters and multi-pet households.
* Long-haired cats, in which lesions may be difficult to detect.

😱Subclinical carriers may spread fungal material without obvious skin lesions.

# 4. Clinical Signs

* Circular or multifocal alopecia.
* Scaling and crust formation.
* Broken hairs.
* Erythema.
* Papules and folliculitis.
* Variable pruritus; itching may be absent.

* Nail and periungual involvement in some cases.
* Kerion: A localized, inflammatory, nodular lesion.
* Pseudomycetoma: An uncommon, deeper form reported particularly in Persian cats.

👀Clinical reminder: Ring-shaped lesions are suggestive but not diagnostic of dermatophytosis.

# 5. Diagnosis

# A. Wood’s Lamp Examination

Wood’s lamp examination is a screening method used to identify suspicious hairs, particularly in Microsporum canis infections.

* Characteristic finding: Apple-green fluorescence of affected hair shafts.
الحيوان بينور في الضلمة اخضر 👀😂
* Examine the hair shafts, not just the scales or crusts.

✔️* A negative result does not rule out dermatophytosis.

❓❓Which dermatophytes do NOT fluoresce under a Wood’s lamp?

* Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex: Generally non-fluorescent.
* Microsporum gypseum): Generally non-fluorescent in veterinary cases.

Microsporum canis is the main veterinary dermatophyte associated with apple-green fluorescence, but not every infected animal or hair sample fluoresces. Other dermatophytes have occasionally been reported to fluoresce, so these are general patterns rather than absolute rules.

Important distinction: The fluorescence comes from metabolites associated with infected hair, not simply from the fungal spores themselves.

# B. Direct Microscopy / Trichogram

Examine plucked or broken hairs and skin scales microscopically.

Possible findings:
* Abnormally thickened or structurally damaged hairs.
* Arthroconidia surrounding or within the hair shaft.

* Fungal elements associated with infected hairs.

A negative microscopic examination does not exclude infection.

# C. Fungal Culture

Common media include Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) and Sabouraud dextrose agar.

* Helps confirm dermatophyte infection and identify the organism.

* Requires appropriate colony assessment and microscopic examination.

* DTM color change alone is not sufficient to confirm a dermatophyte.

* Results may take days to weeks, depending on the laboratory and organism.

# D. PCR

* Detects fungal DNA in hair and skin samples.
* Usually provides faster results than fungal culture.
* May remain positive after treatment because it can detect DNA from non-viable fungi.

Diagnostic principle:
Interpret the clinical findings alongside microscopy, fungal culture, and/or PCR. No single test is perfect.
التشخيص مش خطوة واحدة بدايتنا الأعراض وبنأكد بالاختبارات

## Differential Diagnosis

* Demodicosis.
* Bacterial folliculitis or pyoderma.
* Allergic dermatitis.
* Self-induced alopecia.
* Other inflammatory or non-inflammatory alopecias.

# 6. Treatment

The treatment goal is to eliminate infection from the hair follicles, reduce infectious material on the coat, and prevent environmental transmission.

# A. Systemic Antifungals

✔️Itraconazole

* Common reference dose: 5 mg/kg orally every 24 hours. Frequently used in cats.

* An established feline protocol is 7 days of treatment followed by 7 days off,
لتقليل ال side effects
ممكن تكرر من ٣ ل ٥ مرات علي حسب الحالة واستجابتها
* Continue or adjust treatment according to clinical and mycological follow-up.

✔️Terbinafine An alternative systemic antifungal.

* Reference protocols for dogs may use
30–40 mg/kg orally every 24 hours.

🔴Safety considerations:
* Monitor appetite, vomiting, lethargy, and other adverse effects.

🔴Consider liver assessment and potential drug interactions where indicated.

# B. Whole-Body Topical Treatment

Common options include:
* Lime sulfur dip: commonly diluted 1:16 and used twice weekly.

* Enilconazole rinse: commonly diluted 1:100 where an appropriate product is registered and available.

* Miconazole 2% plus chlorhexidine 2% shampoo: commonly used two to three times weekly.

# C. Environmental Decontamination

* Temporarily separate the infected animal from other animals when appropriate.

* Vacuum and remove infected hairs and skin debris.

* Wash bedding, towels, and grooming equipment.

* Clean surfaces with detergent before applying a suitable disinfectant labelled as effective against dermatophytes.
وطبعا لازم اللي يتعامل مع الحالة المصابة أثناء فترة العلاج يكون لابس جلافز لتقليل فرصة إصابته أو إصابة الحيوانات الأخري بالعدوي .