Important Vedic Terms with their Meaning
●Sabha - Assembly of Brahmans and elders
●Samiti - Assembly of Commoners
●Vidhata - For war booty distribution ●Gana - Highest Advisory body
●Kula/ Family - Kulapa
●Grama (Village) - Gramani
●Vis (Clan) - Vispati
●Jana (People) - Gopa/Gopati
●Rashtra (the Country) - Rajan
#history #shortnotes #prelims
●Sabha - Assembly of Brahmans and elders
●Samiti - Assembly of Commoners
●Vidhata - For war booty distribution ●Gana - Highest Advisory body
●Kula/ Family - Kulapa
●Grama (Village) - Gramani
●Vis (Clan) - Vispati
●Jana (People) - Gopa/Gopati
●Rashtra (the Country) - Rajan
#history #shortnotes #prelims
Weathering causes the disintegration of rock near the surface of the Earth. Processes of weathering are:
● Physical weathering: Block disintegration, Granular disintegration, exfoliation, frost action.
●Chemical weathering: solution, oxidation, carbonation, hydration.
●Biological weathering: by animals and insect, vegetation, man, etc.
#geography #prelims #shortnotes
● Physical weathering: Block disintegration, Granular disintegration, exfoliation, frost action.
●Chemical weathering: solution, oxidation, carbonation, hydration.
●Biological weathering: by animals and insect, vegetation, man, etc.
#geography #prelims #shortnotes
Officials in Later Vedic Period
●Purohita - Chief Priest, also sometimes referred to as Rashtragopa
●Senani - Supreme Commander of army
●Vrajapati - Officer-in-Charge of pasture land
●Jivagribha - Police Officer
●Spasas/ Dutas - Spies who also sometimes worked as messengers
●Madhyamasi - Mediator on disputes
●Bhagadugha - Revenue collector
●Sangrahitri - Treasurer
●Mahishi - Chief Queen
●Suta - Charioteer and court minstrel
●Govikartana - Keeper of games and forests
●Palagala - messenger
●Kshatri - Chamberlain
●Akshavapa - Accountant
●Sthapati - Chief Justice
●Takshan - Carpenter
#history #shortnotes #prelims
●Purohita - Chief Priest, also sometimes referred to as Rashtragopa
●Senani - Supreme Commander of army
●Vrajapati - Officer-in-Charge of pasture land
●Jivagribha - Police Officer
●Spasas/ Dutas - Spies who also sometimes worked as messengers
●Madhyamasi - Mediator on disputes
●Bhagadugha - Revenue collector
●Sangrahitri - Treasurer
●Mahishi - Chief Queen
●Suta - Charioteer and court minstrel
●Govikartana - Keeper of games and forests
●Palagala - messenger
●Kshatri - Chamberlain
●Akshavapa - Accountant
●Sthapati - Chief Justice
●Takshan - Carpenter
#history #shortnotes #prelims
Important terms related to Jainism
● Samvara - It means stoppage—the stoppage of the influx of the material karmas into the soul consciousness.
●Nirjara is one of the seven fundamental principles, or Tattva in Jain philosophy, and refers to the shedding or removal of accumulated karmas from the atma (soul), essential for breaking free from samsara, the cycle of birth- death and rebirth, by achieving moksha, liberation. Kaivalya, also known as Kevala Jnana, means omniscience in Jainism and is roughly translated as complete understanding or supreme wisdom.
●Sallekhana- also known as santhara. It is the religious practice of voluntarily fasting to death by gradually reducing the intake of food and liquids.
#history #prelims #shortnotes
● Samvara - It means stoppage—the stoppage of the influx of the material karmas into the soul consciousness.
●Nirjara is one of the seven fundamental principles, or Tattva in Jain philosophy, and refers to the shedding or removal of accumulated karmas from the atma (soul), essential for breaking free from samsara, the cycle of birth- death and rebirth, by achieving moksha, liberation. Kaivalya, also known as Kevala Jnana, means omniscience in Jainism and is roughly translated as complete understanding or supreme wisdom.
●Sallekhana- also known as santhara. It is the religious practice of voluntarily fasting to death by gradually reducing the intake of food and liquids.
#history #prelims #shortnotes
Great Events with Symbols
● Avakranti (conception or descent) - White Elephant Jati (birth)
● Lotus and Bull Mahabhinishkramana (leaving home) - Horse
● Nirvana/ Sambodhi (enlightenment) - Bodhi tree
● Dharmachakra Parivarthana (first Sermon) - Wheel
● Mahaparinirvana (passing away) - Stupa
#prelims #history #shortnotes
● Avakranti (conception or descent) - White Elephant Jati (birth)
● Lotus and Bull Mahabhinishkramana (leaving home) - Horse
● Nirvana/ Sambodhi (enlightenment) - Bodhi tree
● Dharmachakra Parivarthana (first Sermon) - Wheel
● Mahaparinirvana (passing away) - Stupa
#prelims #history #shortnotes
Darshana (Indian Philosophy)
●Nyaya (spiritualist)
→ Gautama 6th BC
→ Nyaya Sutra
→ It is a logical quest for God. It tells that the material power Maya, with the help of God, becomes the universe.
●Vaisheshika(materialist)
-> Kanada
→ 6th BC
-> Vaisheshika Sutra
→ It aims is to receive happiness in this life and finally ultimate liberation through the attachment of true knowledge of Divine.
●Sankhya (Materialist)
→ Kapila 6th BC
→ Sankhya Sutra
← It explains that the aim of Sankhya is to eliminate all kinds of physical and mental pains and to receive liberation.
●Yoga (spiritualist)
→> Maharishi
➔ Patanjali
➔ 2nd BC
➔ Yog Sutra
➔ It has 4 chapters and accepts three kinds of evidences for determining the aim of life.
Purva Mimansa (spiritualist)
➔ Jaimini
➔ 4th BC
➔ Purva Mimansa Sutra
➔ It is condensed explanation of Vedic theme and at the same time, the classification of its issues.
Vedanta (Uttara Mimansa) (spiritualist)
➔ Maharishi Vyasa
➔ 4th BC
➔ Uttara Mimansa Sutra
➔ It explains that Brahma Sutra is for that person who has a real deep desire to know God. True liberation could only be attained by lovingly surrendering to Him.
Lokayata
➔ Propunder: Charvaka
➔ Most extreme materialistic
➔ Opposed quest for spiritual salvation.
➔ Denied the existence of supernatural beings.
➔ Accepted only those things experienced by human senses and organs as reality.
#shortnotes #history
●Nyaya (spiritualist)
→ Gautama 6th BC
→ Nyaya Sutra
→ It is a logical quest for God. It tells that the material power Maya, with the help of God, becomes the universe.
●Vaisheshika(materialist)
-> Kanada
→ 6th BC
-> Vaisheshika Sutra
→ It aims is to receive happiness in this life and finally ultimate liberation through the attachment of true knowledge of Divine.
●Sankhya (Materialist)
→ Kapila 6th BC
→ Sankhya Sutra
← It explains that the aim of Sankhya is to eliminate all kinds of physical and mental pains and to receive liberation.
●Yoga (spiritualist)
→> Maharishi
➔ Patanjali
➔ 2nd BC
➔ Yog Sutra
➔ It has 4 chapters and accepts three kinds of evidences for determining the aim of life.
Purva Mimansa (spiritualist)
➔ Jaimini
➔ 4th BC
➔ Purva Mimansa Sutra
➔ It is condensed explanation of Vedic theme and at the same time, the classification of its issues.
Vedanta (Uttara Mimansa) (spiritualist)
➔ Maharishi Vyasa
➔ 4th BC
➔ Uttara Mimansa Sutra
➔ It explains that Brahma Sutra is for that person who has a real deep desire to know God. True liberation could only be attained by lovingly surrendering to Him.
Lokayata
➔ Propunder: Charvaka
➔ Most extreme materialistic
➔ Opposed quest for spiritual salvation.
➔ Denied the existence of supernatural beings.
➔ Accepted only those things experienced by human senses and organs as reality.
#shortnotes #history
Free legal services under Legal Services Authorities (LSA) Act, 1987 are available to
- a person belonging to Schedule Tribe and Schedule Caste,
- woman,
- child,
- victim of human trafficking,
- differently-abled person,
- industrial workman, and
- person in custody in a protective home and the poor.
#prelims #shortnotes
- a person belonging to Schedule Tribe and Schedule Caste,
- woman,
- child,
- victim of human trafficking,
- differently-abled person,
- industrial workman, and
- person in custody in a protective home and the poor.
#prelims #shortnotes
Darshana (Indian Philosophy)
●Nyaya (spiritualist)
→ Gautama 6th BC
→ Nyaya Sutra
→ It is a logical quest for God. It tells that the material power Maya, with the help of God, becomes the universe.
●Vaisheshika(materialist)
-> Kanada
→ 6th BC
-> Vaisheshika Sutra
→ It aims is to receive happiness in this life and finally ultimate liberation through the attachment of true knowledge of Divine.
●Sankhya (Materialist)
→ Kapila 6th BC
→ Sankhya Sutra
← It explains that the aim of Sankhya is to eliminate all kinds of physical and mental pains and to receive liberation.
●Yoga (spiritualist)
→> Maharishi
➔ Patanjali
➔ 2nd BC
➔ Yog Sutra
➔ It has 4 chapters and accepts three kinds of evidences for determining the aim of life.
Purva Mimansa (spiritualist)
➔ Jaimini
➔ 4th BC
➔ Purva Mimansa Sutra
➔ It is condensed explanation of Vedic theme and at the same time, the classification of its issues.
Vedanta (Uttara Mimansa) (spiritualist)
➔ Maharishi Vyasa
➔ 4th BC
➔ Uttara Mimansa Sutra
➔ It explains that Brahma Sutra is for that person who has a real deep desire to know God. True liberation could only be attained by lovingly surrendering to Him.
Lokayata
➔ Propunder: Charvaka
➔ Most extreme materialistic
➔ Opposed quest for spiritual salvation.
➔ Denied the existence of supernatural beings.
➔ Accepted only those things experienced by human senses and organs as reality.
#shortnotes #history
●Nyaya (spiritualist)
→ Gautama 6th BC
→ Nyaya Sutra
→ It is a logical quest for God. It tells that the material power Maya, with the help of God, becomes the universe.
●Vaisheshika(materialist)
-> Kanada
→ 6th BC
-> Vaisheshika Sutra
→ It aims is to receive happiness in this life and finally ultimate liberation through the attachment of true knowledge of Divine.
●Sankhya (Materialist)
→ Kapila 6th BC
→ Sankhya Sutra
← It explains that the aim of Sankhya is to eliminate all kinds of physical and mental pains and to receive liberation.
●Yoga (spiritualist)
→> Maharishi
➔ Patanjali
➔ 2nd BC
➔ Yog Sutra
➔ It has 4 chapters and accepts three kinds of evidences for determining the aim of life.
Purva Mimansa (spiritualist)
➔ Jaimini
➔ 4th BC
➔ Purva Mimansa Sutra
➔ It is condensed explanation of Vedic theme and at the same time, the classification of its issues.
Vedanta (Uttara Mimansa) (spiritualist)
➔ Maharishi Vyasa
➔ 4th BC
➔ Uttara Mimansa Sutra
➔ It explains that Brahma Sutra is for that person who has a real deep desire to know God. True liberation could only be attained by lovingly surrendering to Him.
Lokayata
➔ Propunder: Charvaka
➔ Most extreme materialistic
➔ Opposed quest for spiritual salvation.
➔ Denied the existence of supernatural beings.
➔ Accepted only those things experienced by human senses and organs as reality.
#shortnotes #history
Darshana (Indian Philosophy)
●Nyaya (spiritualist)
→ Gautama 6th BC
→ Nyaya Sutra
→ It is a logical quest for God. It tells that the material power Maya, with the help of God, becomes the universe.
●Vaisheshika(materialist)
-> Kanada
→ 6th BC
-> Vaisheshika Sutra
→ It aims is to receive happiness in this life and finally ultimate liberation through the attachment of true knowledge of Divine.
●Sankhya (Materialist)
→ Kapila 6th BC
→ Sankhya Sutra
← It explains that the aim of Sankhya is to eliminate all kinds of physical and mental pains and to receive liberation.
●Yoga (spiritualist)
→> Maharishi
➔ Patanjali
➔ 2nd BC
➔ Yog Sutra
➔ It has 4 chapters and accepts three kinds of evidences for determining the aim of life.
Purva Mimansa (spiritualist)
➔ Jaimini
➔ 4th BC
➔ Purva Mimansa Sutra
➔ It is condensed explanation of Vedic theme and at the same time, the classification of its issues.
Vedanta (Uttara Mimansa) (spiritualist)
➔ Maharishi Vyasa
➔ 4th BC
➔ Uttara Mimansa Sutra
➔ It explains that Brahma Sutra is for that person who has a real deep desire to know God. True liberation could only be attained by lovingly surrendering to Him.
Lokayata
➔ Propunder: Charvaka
➔ Most extreme materialistic
➔ Opposed quest for spiritual salvation.
➔ Denied the existence of supernatural beings.
➔ Accepted only those things experienced by human senses and organs as reality.
#shortnotes #history
●Nyaya (spiritualist)
→ Gautama 6th BC
→ Nyaya Sutra
→ It is a logical quest for God. It tells that the material power Maya, with the help of God, becomes the universe.
●Vaisheshika(materialist)
-> Kanada
→ 6th BC
-> Vaisheshika Sutra
→ It aims is to receive happiness in this life and finally ultimate liberation through the attachment of true knowledge of Divine.
●Sankhya (Materialist)
→ Kapila 6th BC
→ Sankhya Sutra
← It explains that the aim of Sankhya is to eliminate all kinds of physical and mental pains and to receive liberation.
●Yoga (spiritualist)
→> Maharishi
➔ Patanjali
➔ 2nd BC
➔ Yog Sutra
➔ It has 4 chapters and accepts three kinds of evidences for determining the aim of life.
Purva Mimansa (spiritualist)
➔ Jaimini
➔ 4th BC
➔ Purva Mimansa Sutra
➔ It is condensed explanation of Vedic theme and at the same time, the classification of its issues.
Vedanta (Uttara Mimansa) (spiritualist)
➔ Maharishi Vyasa
➔ 4th BC
➔ Uttara Mimansa Sutra
➔ It explains that Brahma Sutra is for that person who has a real deep desire to know God. True liberation could only be attained by lovingly surrendering to Him.
Lokayata
➔ Propunder: Charvaka
➔ Most extreme materialistic
➔ Opposed quest for spiritual salvation.
➔ Denied the existence of supernatural beings.
➔ Accepted only those things experienced by human senses and organs as reality.
#shortnotes #history
Darshana (Indian Philosophy)
●Nyaya (spiritualist)
→ Gautama 6th BC
→ Nyaya Sutra
→ It is a logical quest for God. It tells that the material power Maya, with the help of God, becomes the universe.
●Vaisheshika(materialist)
-> Kanada
→ 6th BC
-> Vaisheshika Sutra
→ It aims is to receive happiness in this life and finally ultimate liberation through the attachment of true knowledge of Divine.
●Sankhya (Materialist)
→ Kapila 6th BC
→ Sankhya Sutra
← It explains that the aim of Sankhya is to eliminate all kinds of physical and mental pains and to receive liberation.
●Yoga (spiritualist)
→> Maharishi
➔ Patanjali
➔ 2nd BC
➔ Yog Sutra
➔ It has 4 chapters and accepts three kinds of evidences for determining the aim of life.
Purva Mimansa (spiritualist)
➔ Jaimini
➔ 4th BC
➔ Purva Mimansa Sutra
➔ It is condensed explanation of Vedic theme and at the same time, the classification of its issues.
Vedanta (Uttara Mimansa) (spiritualist)
➔ Maharishi Vyasa
➔ 4th BC
➔ Uttara Mimansa Sutra
➔ It explains that Brahma Sutra is for that person who has a real deep desire to know God. True liberation could only be attained by lovingly surrendering to Him.
Lokayata
➔ Propunder: Charvaka
➔ Most extreme materialistic
➔ Opposed quest for spiritual salvation.
➔ Denied the existence of supernatural beings.
➔ Accepted only those things experienced by human senses and organs as reality.
#shortnotes #history
●Nyaya (spiritualist)
→ Gautama 6th BC
→ Nyaya Sutra
→ It is a logical quest for God. It tells that the material power Maya, with the help of God, becomes the universe.
●Vaisheshika(materialist)
-> Kanada
→ 6th BC
-> Vaisheshika Sutra
→ It aims is to receive happiness in this life and finally ultimate liberation through the attachment of true knowledge of Divine.
●Sankhya (Materialist)
→ Kapila 6th BC
→ Sankhya Sutra
← It explains that the aim of Sankhya is to eliminate all kinds of physical and mental pains and to receive liberation.
●Yoga (spiritualist)
→> Maharishi
➔ Patanjali
➔ 2nd BC
➔ Yog Sutra
➔ It has 4 chapters and accepts three kinds of evidences for determining the aim of life.
Purva Mimansa (spiritualist)
➔ Jaimini
➔ 4th BC
➔ Purva Mimansa Sutra
➔ It is condensed explanation of Vedic theme and at the same time, the classification of its issues.
Vedanta (Uttara Mimansa) (spiritualist)
➔ Maharishi Vyasa
➔ 4th BC
➔ Uttara Mimansa Sutra
➔ It explains that Brahma Sutra is for that person who has a real deep desire to know God. True liberation could only be attained by lovingly surrendering to Him.
Lokayata
➔ Propunder: Charvaka
➔ Most extreme materialistic
➔ Opposed quest for spiritual salvation.
➔ Denied the existence of supernatural beings.
➔ Accepted only those things experienced by human senses and organs as reality.
#shortnotes #history