✅Important Inscriptions of Ancient India

1. Ashokan Inscriptions

► Ashoka (273-236 BC) was one of the most successful and powerful kings whose large number of edicts came into light from in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

► Inscribed on the rocks and the pillars they talk about the reforms in Ashoka’s policies and his advice to his subjects.

► In the ‘Bhabru Edict’ he declared his faith in the Three Jewels’ of Buddhism.

► The Ashoka’s edicts have been discovered at Kalsi. Sopara, Girnar, Dhauli, Jaugada, Maski and Yeraguddi in India and at Shahbaz Garha and Mansehra in the NWFP.

► The rock inscriptions reveal the propagation of Ashoka’s “Law of Piety”.

2. Junagarh Rock inscription

► The Junagarh Rock inscription of Rudradaman is considered as an early example of chaste Sanskrit, written in mid second century AD.

► It mentions that one of Chandragupta Maurya’s governors, Pushyagupta, was responsible for building a dam on Sudarshana Lake near Girnar in Kathiawar.

► From another inscription of Skandgupta we came to know that this very dam was repaired during his reign, almost 800 years after it was built

3. Mahrauli Inscription / Garuda Pillar

► The Mahrauli Iron Pillar was originally placed on a hill near the Beas and was brought to Delhi by a King of Delhi.

► This pillar credits Chandragupta with conquest of the Vanga Countries by his battling alone against the confederacy of the enemies united against him.

► It also credits him for conquest of Vakatkas in a fight that ran across seven mouths of Sindhu.

► This pillar was established by Chandragupta-II of Gupta dynasty as Vishnupada in the honor of Lord Vishnu.

4. Allahabad Pillar Inscription (Prayag Prasasti)

► This was issued by Samudragupta and was composed by Harisena.

► It is written in very simple and refined Sanskrit in Champu kavya style.

► It lists achievements of Samudragupta.

5. Nasik Inscription

► The achievements of Gutamiputra Satkarni were mentioned in Nasik Inscription that were composed by his mother Gautami Balasri.

► The Nasik Prasasti describes Gautamiputra as the ruler.

► It describes, Gautamiputra defeated the Saka King Nahapana and restored the prestige of his dynasty.

6. Nanaghat Inscription

► The Nasik and Nanaghat inscriptions are the major sources that gives detailed information about the Satavahana empire.

► The Nasik inscription was made by Gautami Balasari and Nanaghat inscription was issued by Naganika.

7. Mandsaur Inscription

► It was by Kumaragupta and was written by Vattasbhatta.

8. Hathigumpha Inscription

► The Hatigumpha Inscription of Kharavela is one of the few notable inscriptions which throw much light on ancient Indian history.

► It is comparable only to the inscriptions of Asoka and Samudragupta in respect of its historical significance.

► No other inscription of India presents the details of the year-wise achievements of a ruler as does the Hathigumpha Inscription.

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HUBBLE TELESCOPE:-

• The Hubble, launched in 1990, is considered by many to be the most important scientific tool ever to be built, having churned out more than 15 lakh observations that have been used to publish around 18,000 research papers.

• Named after the astronomer Edwin Hubble, the observatory is the first major optical telescope to be placed in space and has made groundbreaking discoveries in the field of astronomy since its launch.

• According to NASA’s official website, the launch and deployment of Hubble in April 1990 is said to be the “most significant advance in astronomy since Galileo’s telescope.”

• It is larger than a school bus in size, has a 7.9 feet mirror, and captures stunning images of deep space playing a major role in helping astronomers understand the universe by observing the most distant stars, galaxies and planets.

KADAMBINI GANGULY:-

• Kadambini Ganguly (1861 – 1923) was one of the first Indian female doctors who practiced with a degree in Western medicine, alongside other pioneering women such as Anandibai Joshi.

• Ganguly was the first woman to gain admission to Calcutta Medical College in 1884, subsequently trained in Scotland, and established a successful medical practice in India.

• Kadambini started her education at Banga Mahila Vidyalaya and while at Bethune School (established by Bethune) in 1878 became the first woman to pass the University of Calcutta entrance examination.

• It was partly in recognition of her efforts that Bethune College first introduced FA (First Arts), and then graduation courses in 1883.

• She and Chandramukhi Basu became the first graduates from Bethune College, and in the process became the first female graduates in the country and in the entire British Empire.

TIPU SULTAN:-

• Tipu Sultan (1750 –1799) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India and a pioneer of rocket artillery.

• He introduced a number of administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar, and a new land revenue system which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry.

• He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the military manual Fathul Mujahidin.

• Tipu's father, Hyder Ali, rose to power and Tipu succeeded him as the ruler of Mysore upon his father's death in 1782.

• He won important victories against the British in the Second Anglo-Mysore War and negotiated the 1784 Treaty of Mangalore with them.

• Tipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the Maratha–Mysore War which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad.

• In the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he was forced into the Treaty of Seringapatam, losing a number of previously conquered territories.

• In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a combined force of British East India Company troops supported by the Marathas & the Nizam of Hyderabad defeated Tipu.

• He was killed on 4 May 1799 while defending his stronghold of Seringapatam. 

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