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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Mains Notes
*🛡️Ajivika Philosophy* – Key Idea Only

*💎Founder*
♟️Makkhali Gosala

*💎Core Belief System*
♟️Strict determinism — belief in destiny (Niyati)
♟️Rejects karma — everything is preordained, no role of karma in liberation

*💎Path to Salvation*
♟️Liberation is automatic through cycles of rebirth, no conscious effort required
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Mains Notes
*🛡️Tropical Rain Destabilises Oceans Only When Light*


*💎Key Findings*
♟️Scientists earlier believed rain makes the ocean’s surface more buoyant (due to freshwater being lighter)
♟️New study (Univ. of Washington, July 2025) finds light rain destabilises the ocean, but heavy rain stabilises it

*💎Mechanism*
♟️Rain in tropics often comes with cold pools (cold, dry air + clouds)
♟️These cool the surface, block sunlight & transfer heat to air
♟️Thus, heavier rain makes surface cooler and more stable
♟️Light rain (0.2–4 mm/hr) increases mixing, while heavy rain = negative buoyancy flux (surface stays more stable)

*💎Additional Observations*
♟️Rainfall at night destabilises oceans more than during the day
♟️Researchers identified:
*⚜️Cold Rain Zone* (W. Pacific & Indian Ocean): High heat loss
*⚜️Hot Rain Zone* (Central Pacific): Less heat loss

*💎Impact on Climate*
♟️Ocean mixing affects carbon, heat, nutrient transport
♟️Rainfall dynamics influence weather and climate models
♟️Study highlights risk of prediction errors due to simplistic assumptions.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Mains Notes
🛡️ *Significance Of Fundamental Duties*

♟️They serve as a reminder to the citizens that while enjoying their rights, they should also be conscious of duties they owe to their country, their society and to their fellow citizens.

♟️They serve as a warning against the anti-national and anti-social activities like burning the national flag, destroying public property and so on.

♟️They serve as a source of inspiration for the citizens and promote a sense of discipline and commitment among them.

♟️They help the courts in examining and determining the constitutional validity of a law.

♟️They are enforceable by law. Hence, the Parliament can provide for the imposition of appropriate penalty or punishment for failure to fulfil any of them.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims MCQs Quiz
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96.1 MB
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims MCQs Quiz
Toppers Diagrams for Geography GS1.pdf
73.6 MB
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims MCQs Quiz
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Q. Which subject is your weak?
Q. आपका कौन सा विषय कमजोर है ?
इंद्रधनुष🌈 में कितने रंग होते हैं
ठीक 5 मिनट बाद लिंक डिलीट होगा जल्दी जुड़े l