■ DIASTROPHISM

#Geomorphology #Earthmovements

◇ Diastrophism refers to deformation of the Earth's crust due to diastrophic movements (deforming movements) such as folding, faulting, warping (bending or twisting of a large area) And fracturing.

◇ All processes that move, elevate or build up portions of the earth’s crust come under diastrophism.

□ They include :-

• orogenic processes - involving mountain building through severe folding (crust is severely deformed into folds) and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth’s crust.

• epeirogenic processes - involving uplift or warping of large parts of the earth’s crust (simple deformation);

• earthquakes and volcanism involving local relatively minor movements;

• plate tectonics involving horizontal movements of crustal plates.

◇ The most obvious evidence of diastrophic movement can be seen where sedimentary rocks have been bent, broken or tilted.

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■ EPEIROGENIC OR CONTINENT FORMING MOVEMENTS

#Geomorphology #Earthmovements

◇ Epeirogenic or continent forming movements are radial movements (act along the radius of the earth).

◇ Their direction may be towards (subsidence) or away (uplift) from the centre.

◇ They cause upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting undulations (wavy surface) of long wavelengths and little folding.

◇ The broad central parts of continents are called cratons and are subject to epeirogeny, hence the name continent forming movements.

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