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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc

No copyright material allowed.

Queries - @Upscgeographybot
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ANNOUNCEMENT | 18 May Batch

BRAHMASTRA 2026 - Must have Program for your Level 2, 3, 4 & 5 of UPSC Preparation.

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SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERIOR. [ PART 2]

#interiorofearth

INDIRECT SOURCES.


Seismic waves

◇ They are the most important source available to understand the layered structure of the earth.

◇ The velocity of seismic waves changes as they travel through materials with different elasticity and density.

Meteorites

◇ Meteorites and Earth are born from the same nebular cloud. Thus, they are likely to have a similar internal structure.

Gravitation

◇ The gravitation force (g) is not the same at different latitudes on the surface. It is greater near the poles and less at the equator.

◇ This is because of the distance from the centre at the equator being greater than that at the poles.

◇ The gravity values also differ according to the mass of material.

Magnetic field

◇ The geodynamo effect helps scientists understand what's happening inside the Earth's core.

◇ Shifts in the magnetic field also provide clues to the inaccessible iron core.

@upsc_geography_notes
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Hindu newspaper notes

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50+ Prelims Score Boosting Tricks (English Medium)
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बिना यह देखे Prelims देने मत जाना..

50+ Prelims Score Boosting Tricks (Hinglish Medium | हिंदी माध्यम)

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SOURCES OF EARTH’S HEAT [PART 2]

#interiorofearth

2. Primordial heat

◇ Heat left over from Earth's formation known as the primordial heat.

◇ Primordial heat is the kinetic energy transferred to Earth by external impacts of comets and meteorites and the subsequent effects (friction caused by sinking of heavy elements like Fe, rising light elements like Si) and latent heat of crystallisation released as the core solidified.

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50+ Prelims Score Boosting Tricks (English Medium)
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बिना यह देखे Prelims देने मत जाना..

50+ Prelims Score Boosting Tricks (Hinglish Medium | हिंदी माध्यम)

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HOW ARE EARTHQUAKE WAVES PRODUCED ?

#interiorofearth

◇ The abrupt release of energy along a fault (sharp break in the crustal layer) causes earthquake waves. Rock layers along a fault tend to move in opposite directions due to the force excreted on them but are held in place by counteracting frictional force exerted by the overlying rock strata.

◇ The pressure on the rock layers builds up over a period and overcomes the frictional force resulting in a sudden movement generating shockwaves (seismic waves) that travel in all directions.

◇ The point where the energy is released is called the focus or the hypocentre of an earthquake. The point on the surface directly above the focus is called epicentre. An instrument called ‘seismograph’ records the waves reaching the surface.

@upsc_geography_notes
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50+ Prelims Score Boosting Tricks (English Medium)
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बिना यह देखे Prelims देने मत जाना..

50+ Prelims Score Boosting Tricks (Hinglish Medium | हिंदी माध्यम)

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