■ INDIAN IRON AND STEEL COMPANY (IISCO)
#Industries
◇ Three plants at kulti, hirapur and Burnpur in west Bengal were set up in 1908 and 1937 respectively.
◇ These plants have merged together and are known as Indian iron and steel company (IISCO).
◇ Brought under government control and management in July 1972.
□ IISCO enjoy following advantages :-
◇ Iron ore is available from guna mines in singhbhum district in Jharkhand.
◇ Used to receive coal from jharia. But now power come from the Damodar valley corporation is extensively used.
◇ Dolomite and limestone are obtained from sundargarh district of Odisha.
◇ Rail and road links connect it to Kolkata.
◇ Cheap labour is readily available from neighboring state.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
#Industries
◇ Three plants at kulti, hirapur and Burnpur in west Bengal were set up in 1908 and 1937 respectively.
◇ These plants have merged together and are known as Indian iron and steel company (IISCO).
◇ Brought under government control and management in July 1972.
□ IISCO enjoy following advantages :-
◇ Iron ore is available from guna mines in singhbhum district in Jharkhand.
◇ Used to receive coal from jharia. But now power come from the Damodar valley corporation is extensively used.
◇ Dolomite and limestone are obtained from sundargarh district of Odisha.
◇ Rail and road links connect it to Kolkata.
◇ Cheap labour is readily available from neighboring state.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
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■ THE VISVESWARAYA and STEEL LIMITED
#Industries
◇ Established as Mysore iron and steel company in 1923 by erstwhile state of Mysore.
◇ This plant was brought under control of govt. in 1962 and was renamed as Visveswaraya iron and steel ltd.
□ Advantages :-
• Bhadravati valley is 13km wide which provides enough land.
• High grade hematite iron ore is brought from Kemmangundi mines in Chikmaglur.
• At the time of establishment charcoal obtained from forest wood. Later power obtain from Sharavati power project.
• Limestone is available from bhundiguda.
• Shimoga and Chitradurga supply manganese.
• Dolomite and Chromite are also available.
• It lies on the main Biru-shimoga railway line and makes use of railway facilities.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
#Industries
◇ Established as Mysore iron and steel company in 1923 by erstwhile state of Mysore.
◇ This plant was brought under control of govt. in 1962 and was renamed as Visveswaraya iron and steel ltd.
□ Advantages :-
• Bhadravati valley is 13km wide which provides enough land.
• High grade hematite iron ore is brought from Kemmangundi mines in Chikmaglur.
• At the time of establishment charcoal obtained from forest wood. Later power obtain from Sharavati power project.
• Limestone is available from bhundiguda.
• Shimoga and Chitradurga supply manganese.
• Dolomite and Chromite are also available.
• It lies on the main Biru-shimoga railway line and makes use of railway facilities.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
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■ SHIWALIK RANGES
#Himalayanranges
◇ Lies between Great plains and Lesser himalayas.
◇ Altitude varies between 600 - 1500m.
◇ Runs for distance of 2400km from Potwar plateau (west) to Brahmaputra valley (east).
◇ Souther slope steep while Northern slope Gentle.
◇ Slopes are highly dissected by seasonal steams called Chaos.
□ FORMATION
Shiwaliks are consolidated sands, gravels, conglomerate deposits which brought by Rivers flowing from Higher ranges.
□ DIFFERENT NAMES
◇ Jammu region - Jammu hills.
◇ Arunachal pradesh - Dafla, miri, abor hills.
◇ UK - Dhang range, Dundwa range.
◇ Nepal - Churia ghat hills.
▪︎ @upsc_geography_notes
#Himalayanranges
◇ Lies between Great plains and Lesser himalayas.
◇ Altitude varies between 600 - 1500m.
◇ Runs for distance of 2400km from Potwar plateau (west) to Brahmaputra valley (east).
◇ Souther slope steep while Northern slope Gentle.
◇ Slopes are highly dissected by seasonal steams called Chaos.
□ FORMATION
Shiwaliks are consolidated sands, gravels, conglomerate deposits which brought by Rivers flowing from Higher ranges.
□ DIFFERENT NAMES
◇ Jammu region - Jammu hills.
◇ Arunachal pradesh - Dafla, miri, abor hills.
◇ UK - Dhang range, Dundwa range.
◇ Nepal - Churia ghat hills.
▪︎ @upsc_geography_notes
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■ THE LESSER HIMALAYAS
#Himalayanranges
◇ Also called - Lower Himalayas.
◇ Lies between shiwaliks in south and Greater himalayas in North.
◇ 60 - 80km wide.
◇ 2400 km length.
◇ Southern slopes - steep and bare and Northern slopes - Gentle and forest covered.
□ IMPORTANT RANGES
◇ Pir panjal range - J & K.
◇ Dhaola dhar range - HP.
◇ Mussorie range and Nag tibba range - UK.
◇ Mahabharat range - Nepal.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
#Himalayanranges
◇ Also called - Lower Himalayas.
◇ Lies between shiwaliks in south and Greater himalayas in North.
◇ 60 - 80km wide.
◇ 2400 km length.
◇ Southern slopes - steep and bare and Northern slopes - Gentle and forest covered.
□ IMPORTANT RANGES
◇ Pir panjal range - J & K.
◇ Dhaola dhar range - HP.
◇ Mussorie range and Nag tibba range - UK.
◇ Mahabharat range - Nepal.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
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■ GREATER HIMALAYAS
#Himalayanranges
◇ Aka - Inner himalayas, Central himalayas, Himadri.
◇ Main central thrust seperates the Greater Himalayas from Lesser Himalayas.
◇ Almost all lofty peaks of Himalayas like Mt. Everest, Kanchanjunga, Nanga - parbat, Dhaulagiri etc lies here.
◇ Being lofty they have little Forest are here.
◇ Physical weathering pronounced, Erosion less effective.
□ REGIONAL NAMES OF MT. EVEREST
◇ Sagarmatha - Nepal.
◇ Chomolungma - China ( Tibet )
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
#Himalayanranges
◇ Aka - Inner himalayas, Central himalayas, Himadri.
◇ Main central thrust seperates the Greater Himalayas from Lesser Himalayas.
◇ Almost all lofty peaks of Himalayas like Mt. Everest, Kanchanjunga, Nanga - parbat, Dhaulagiri etc lies here.
◇ Being lofty they have little Forest are here.
◇ Physical weathering pronounced, Erosion less effective.
□ REGIONAL NAMES OF MT. EVEREST
◇ Sagarmatha - Nepal.
◇ Chomolungma - China ( Tibet )
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
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