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Polity : 40 Tests
Geography : 40 Tests
Economy : 25 Tests
Ecology : 15 Tests
SciTech : 15 Tests

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■ LOCATION FACTORS OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES

#Industries

□ Raw material

◇ Most of the steel plants are located at three distinct places –

• Near coal field

• Near iron ore mining centers

• At places between areas of coal and iron production.

◇ Most of the iron and steel plants of india such as Jamshedpur, burnpur, Durgapur located in Jharkhand, west Bengal, odisha and Chhattisgarh.


□ Market

◇ Most of the products are perishable.

□ Cheap Labour

□ Power supply

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

For UPSC Students

No. of Tests Topic Wise
35 Polity Tests
45 History Tests
40 Geography Tests
20 Economy Tests
30 Ecology, SciTech Tests
15 Years Solved PYQs
Detailed Notes for Beginners

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Sale will end at 12pm today FINALLY

■ TATA IRON AND STEEL COMPANY (TISCO)

#Industries

◇ Oldest iron and steel centre of india.

◇ Private sector enterprises.

◇ Established in 1907 by Jamshedji tata at sakchi in singhbhum district of Jharkhand. Later on it was renamed as Jamshedpur after Jamshedji Tata.

□ Following facilities available to this centre :-

◇ High grade haematite iron ore is available from naomundi mines of singhbhum in Jharkhand and gurumahisani mines of mayurhanj in odisha.

◇ Coal is available from jharia and raniganj coal mines from Jamshedpur.

◇ Manganese comes from joda mines of kendujahar district in odisha.

◇ Dolomite, limestone and fire clay used as flux material are available from sundargarh district of odisha.

◇ Kolkata provides port facilities.

◇ Sufficient water is obtained from Subarnarekha river.

◇ Jamshedpur is well connected with Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai by road and rail.

◇ Jharkhand, bihar and odisha provides cheap labour.

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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45 History Tests
40 Geography Tests
20 Economy Tests
30 Ecology, SciTech Tests
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■ INDIAN IRON AND STEEL COMPANY (IISCO)

#Industries

◇ Three plants at kulti, hirapur and Burnpur in west Bengal were set up in 1908 and 1937 respectively.

◇ These plants have merged together and are known as Indian iron and steel company (IISCO).

◇ Brought under government control and management in July 1972.

□ IISCO enjoy following advantages :-

◇ Iron ore is available from guna mines in singhbhum district in Jharkhand.

◇ Used to receive coal from jharia. But now power come from the Damodar valley corporation is extensively used.

◇ Dolomite and limestone are obtained from sundargarh district of Odisha.

◇ Rail and road links connect it to Kolkata.

◇ Cheap labour is readily available from neighboring state.

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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No. of Tests Topic Wise (Pre + Mains)
History : 40 Tests
Polity : 35 Tests
Geography : 35 Tests
Economy : 20 Tests
Ecology & SciTech : 20 Tests
Ethics : 25 Tests

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■ THE VISVESWARAYA and STEEL LIMITED

#Industries

◇ Established as Mysore iron and steel company in 1923 by erstwhile state of Mysore.

◇ This plant was brought under control of govt. in 1962 and was renamed as Visveswaraya iron and steel ltd.

□ Advantages :-

• Bhadravati valley is 13km wide which provides enough land.

• High grade hematite iron ore is brought from Kemmangundi mines in Chikmaglur.

• At the time of establishment charcoal obtained from forest wood. Later power obtain from Sharavati power project.

• Limestone is available from bhundiguda.

• Shimoga and Chitradurga supply manganese.

• Dolomite and Chromite are also available.

• It lies on the main Biru-shimoga railway line and makes use of railway facilities.

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ SHIWALIK RANGES

#Himalayanranges

◇ Lies between Great plains and Lesser himalayas.

◇ Altitude varies between 600 - 1500m.

◇ Runs for distance of 2400km from Potwar plateau (west) to Brahmaputra valley (east).

◇ Souther slope steep while Northern slope Gentle.

◇ Slopes are highly dissected by seasonal steams called Chaos.

□ FORMATION

Shiwaliks are consolidated sands, gravels, conglomerate deposits which brought by Rivers flowing from Higher ranges.

□ DIFFERENT NAMES

◇ Jammu region - Jammu hills.

◇ Arunachal pradesh - Dafla, miri, abor hills.

◇ UK - Dhang range, Dundwa range.

◇ Nepal - Churia ghat hills.

▪︎ @upsc_geography_notes

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No. of Tests Topic Wise
35 Polity Tests
45 History Tests
40 Geography Tests
20 Economy Tests
30 Ecology, SciTech Tests
15 Years Solved PYQs
Detailed Notes with Infographics

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■ THE LESSER HIMALAYAS

#Himalayanranges

◇ Also called - Lower Himalayas.

◇ Lies between shiwaliks in south and Greater himalayas in North.

◇ 60 - 80km wide.

◇ 2400 km length.

◇ Southern slopes - steep and bare and Northern slopes - Gentle and forest covered.

□ IMPORTANT RANGES

◇ Pir panjal range - J & K.

◇ Dhaola dhar range - HP.

◇ Mussorie range and Nag tibba range - UK.

◇ Mahabharat range - Nepal.

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes