■ DISTRIBUTION OF SILK INDUSTRIES

□ Karnataka

◇ Foremost silk producing state in India.

◇ It produces only mulberry silk accounts for over 50% of mulberry silk of the country.

◇ Mysuru, Bengaluru, Kolar, Mandya, Tumkur, Belgaum and Kodagu district.

□ West Bengal

◇ Produces about 13 percent of country’s total silk, most of which is of mulberry variety.

□ Jammu and Kashmir

◇ Has its main silk textile centres in Anantnag, Baramula, Jammu and Udhampur districts.

□ Jharkhand

◇ Ranchi, Palau and Hazaribagh are important producers.

□ EXPORTS

◇ The Indian silk is demanded in American, European as well as Asian markets.

◇ The USA, UK, Russia, Saudi arabia , Kuwait and Singapore are major importer of silk products.

◇ The tough competition with Italy and Japan caused a setback to exports.

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY

#industries

◇ Iron and steel is the basic or key industry and lays the foundation of a vibrant industrial economy.

◇ Most of the subsidiaries industries such as automobiles, locomotives, rail tracks, ship-building, machine building, bridges, dams etc.

◇ The first iron and steel unit on modern lines was established in 1830 at port nova in Tamil nadu. It was closed down in 1866.

4. The real beginning of modern iron and steel industry was made in 1907 only when tata iron and steel company (TISCO).

◇ During the second five year plan, three integrated steel projects were started at Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur.

◇ India is eight largest producer of steel in the world.

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA (SAIL)

#Industries

◇ Established in 1973, Sail is government undertaking and is responsible for the management of steel plants at Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro and Burnpur and also the alloy steel plant at Durgapur and salem steel plant.

◇ The management of Indian iron and steel was taken over by Gov. on 14th July 1976.

◇ SAIL also took over Maharashtra Elektrosmelt limited, a mini steel plant, in January 1986. Visweswaraya iron and steel limited was also taken over by SAIL in august 1989.

◇ India is the second largest producer of crude steel after china, surpassing Japan with a global share of 6 percent.

◇ India is the third largest consumer after china and USA.

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ LOCATION FACTORS OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES

#Industries

□ Raw material

◇ Most of the steel plants are located at three distinct places –

• Near coal field

• Near iron ore mining centers

• At places between areas of coal and iron production.

◇ Most of the iron and steel plants of india such as Jamshedpur, burnpur, Durgapur located in Jharkhand, west Bengal, odisha and Chhattisgarh.


□ Market

◇ Most of the products are perishable.

□ Cheap Labour

□ Power supply

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■ TATA IRON AND STEEL COMPANY (TISCO)

#Industries

◇ Oldest iron and steel centre of india.

◇ Private sector enterprises.

◇ Established in 1907 by Jamshedji tata at sakchi in singhbhum district of Jharkhand. Later on it was renamed as Jamshedpur after Jamshedji Tata.

□ Following facilities available to this centre :-

◇ High grade haematite iron ore is available from naomundi mines of singhbhum in Jharkhand and gurumahisani mines of mayurhanj in odisha.

◇ Coal is available from jharia and raniganj coal mines from Jamshedpur.

◇ Manganese comes from joda mines of kendujahar district in odisha.

◇ Dolomite, limestone and fire clay used as flux material are available from sundargarh district of odisha.

◇ Kolkata provides port facilities.

◇ Sufficient water is obtained from Subarnarekha river.

◇ Jamshedpur is well connected with Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai by road and rail.

◇ Jharkhand, bihar and odisha provides cheap labour.

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

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■ INDIAN IRON AND STEEL COMPANY (IISCO)

#Industries

◇ Three plants at kulti, hirapur and Burnpur in west Bengal were set up in 1908 and 1937 respectively.

◇ These plants have merged together and are known as Indian iron and steel company (IISCO).

◇ Brought under government control and management in July 1972.

□ IISCO enjoy following advantages :-

◇ Iron ore is available from guna mines in singhbhum district in Jharkhand.

◇ Used to receive coal from jharia. But now power come from the Damodar valley corporation is extensively used.

◇ Dolomite and limestone are obtained from sundargarh district of Odisha.

◇ Rail and road links connect it to Kolkata.

◇ Cheap labour is readily available from neighboring state.

▪︎@upsc_geography_notes