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William Herschel (1833–1917)

William Herschel, a British officer serving in India, made significant contributions to the development of fingerprint science. He was among the first to document the practical use of fingerprints for personal identification.

Introduction of Fingerprints for Identification (1858):

While serving as a magistrate in Bengal, India, Herschel introduced the use of fingerprints on contracts and official documents to prevent fraud.

The practice began when he required a local businessman, Rajyadhar Konai, to place his fingerprint on a contract as a personal seal of authenticity.

Observation of Permanence:

Herschel noticed that fingerprints did not change over time.

He collected and compared his own fingerprints over several decades to confirm their permanence.

Use of Fingerprints in Criminal Cases:

Although primarily used for civil purposes, Herschel’s work laid the groundwork for the use of fingerprints in criminal investigations.

Advocacy for Fingerprint Identification:

Herschel emphasized the uniqueness and reliability of fingerprints as a method of identification.


Impact on Modern Forensic Science

Herschel's observations about the uniqueness and immutability of fingerprints were pivotal for the development of forensic fingerprinting.

His methods inspired further research and applications, including the classification systems developed by Sir Francis Galton and Sir Edward Henry.
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