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According to the Constitution of India the term ‘District Judge’ shall not include?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
Chief Judge of a small cause Court
20%
Chief presidency Magistrate
17%
Sessions Judge
40%
Tribunal Judge
Which one of the following objectives is not embodied in the Preamble to the Constitution of India ?
Anonymous Quiz
55%
Economic liberty
21%
Liberty of belief
13%
Liberty of expression
11%
Liberty of thought
*🛡️A Secular State*

♟️The Constitution of India stands for a Secular State. Hence, it does not uphold any particular religion as the official religion of the Indian State.

♟️The following provisions of the Constitution reveal the secular character of the Indian State:

♟️The term ‘secular’ was added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976.

♟️The Preamble secures to all citizens of India liberty of belief,Faith and worship.

♟️The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws (Article 14).

♟️The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on the ground of religion (Article 15).

♟️Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters of public employment (Article 16).
*🛡️First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951*

*💎Key Additions*
*♟️Article 15(4)*
Allowed the State to make special provisions for SEBCs, SCs, and STs.
*♟️Context* Added after the Champakam Dorairajan Case (1951) invalidated Madras's education reservation policy due to lack of constitutional backing.
*💎Article 31A, Article 31B & 9th Schedule*
*♟️Purpose* Protected land reform laws from judicial review, ensuring they couldn’t be invalidated for violating Fundamental Rights. *♟️Impact* Addressed challenges to land reforms, laying the foundation for the Basic Structure Doctrine and balancing Rights and Directive Principles.

*💎Key Changes*
♟️Article 19(2) & (6): Added grounds to restrict freedom of speech and expression, including Public Order, Friendly Relations with Foreign States, and Incitement to an Offence.

*💎Unique Context*
♟️Enacted by the Constituent Assembly, functioning as a provisional Parliament before the first Lok Sabha elections in 1952.

*💎Significance*
♟️Strengthened social justice by empowering the State to support marginalized communities.
♟️Facilitated agrarian reforms, ensuring smoother implementation of land redistribution policies.

♟️The First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951 showcased the Constitution's adaptability, setting precedents for balancing rights and directive principles.
*President*

🔸 The President must be a citizen of India, not less than 35 years of age and qualified for 
election as a member of the Lok Sabha.

🔸 His term of office is five years and he is eligible for re-election.

🔸His removal from office is to be in 
accordance with procedure prescribed in Article 61 of the Constitution.

🔸 The executive power of the Union is vested in the President and is exercised by him either directly 
or through officers’ subordinate to him in accordance with the Constitution.

🔸The President summons, prorogues, addresses, sends messages to Parliament and dissolves 
the Lok Sabha; promulgates Ordinances at any time, except when both Houses of Parliament are 
in session.
*🛡️A Secular State*

♟️The Constitution of India stands for a Secular State. Hence, it does not uphold any particular religion as the official religion of the Indian State.

♟️The following provisions of the Constitution reveal the secular character of the Indian State:

♟️The term ‘secular’ was added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976.

♟️The Preamble secures to all citizens of India liberty of belief,Faith and worship.

♟️The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws (Article 14).

♟️The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on the ground of religion (Article 15).

♟️Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters of public employment (Article 16).
*🛡️Council of Ministers in states*

♟️In a Parliamentary form of government, the council of ministers headed by the Chief Minister is the executive authority.

♟️The states under the Indian constitution are organised on the pattern as that of
the centre.

♟️The Council of Ministers in the state is a replica of the council of Ministers at the centre.

♟️They resemble in formation, function and role in the administration.

♟️The constitution provides a broad and general view of the principles of Parliamentary system of Government in Article 163 and Article 164 .

♟️Council of ministers are there to aid and advise the Governor of the state in various matters.

♟️In a Parliamentary form of government, the council of ministers headed by the Chief Minister is the executive authority.

♟️The states under the Indian constitution are organised on the pattern as that of
the centre.

♟️The Council of Ministers in the state is a replica of the council of Ministers at the centre.

♟️They resemble in formation, function and role in the administration.

♟️The constitution provides a broad and general view of the principles of Parliamentary system of Government in Article 163 and Article 164 .

♟️Council of ministers are there to aid and advise the Governor of the state in various matters.

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