Forwarded from Race Realism Channel
Catalog of genetic studies on ancient Europeans
Updated periodically. Older studies are often amended/refuted by newer studies, but still contain useful information.
EARLY ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMAN EXPANSIONS
Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa (2022)
The role of genetic selection and climatic factors in the dispersal of anatomically modern humans out of Africa (2023)
The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal (2024)
PALEOLITHIC, MESOLITHIC
Population Genomics of Stone Age Eurasia (2022)
The genetic history of Ice Age Europe (2016)
Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers (2023)
Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia (2019)
The genomic origins of the world’s first farmers (2022)
Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent (2017)
NEOLITHIC, BRONZE AGE
The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans (2025)
A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age (2025, supplement to above paper)
Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe (2015)
Ancient genomics support deep divergence between Eastern and Western Mediterranean Indo-European languages (2024)
The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia (2019)
100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark (2024)
The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies (2021)
Bronze and Iron Age population movements underlie Xinjiang population history (2022)
IRON AGE, ANTIQUITY, MEDIEVAL
Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility (2024)
High-resolution genomic history of early medieval Europe (2025)
Steppe Ancestry in Western Eurasia and the Spread of the Germanic Languages (2025)
The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool (2022)
Population genomics of the Viking world (2019)
Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe (2024)
Demography and life histories across the Roman frontier in Germany 400–700 ce (2026)
The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years (2019)
Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean (2019)
The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect (2021)
Ancient DNA connects large-scale migration with the spread of Slavs (2025)
Genetic history of Rus’ (2025)
A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations (2023, see supplements for detailed admixture analyses)
Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean (2023)
Ancient DNA reveals the origins of the Albanians (2025)
Genetic history of Scythia (2025)
Ancient DNA reveals the prehistory of the Uralic and Yeniseian peoples (2025)
The genetic origin of Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians (2022)
Ancient DNA reveals reproductive barrier despite shared Avar-period culture (2025)
Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century (2022)
Updated periodically. Older studies are often amended/refuted by newer studies, but still contain useful information.
EARLY ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMAN EXPANSIONS
Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa (2022)
The role of genetic selection and climatic factors in the dispersal of anatomically modern humans out of Africa (2023)
The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal (2024)
PALEOLITHIC, MESOLITHIC
Population Genomics of Stone Age Eurasia (2022)
The genetic history of Ice Age Europe (2016)
Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers (2023)
Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia (2019)
The genomic origins of the world’s first farmers (2022)
Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent (2017)
NEOLITHIC, BRONZE AGE
The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans (2025)
A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age (2025, supplement to above paper)
Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe (2015)
Ancient genomics support deep divergence between Eastern and Western Mediterranean Indo-European languages (2024)
The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia (2019)
100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark (2024)
The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies (2021)
Bronze and Iron Age population movements underlie Xinjiang population history (2022)
IRON AGE, ANTIQUITY, MEDIEVAL
Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility (2024)
High-resolution genomic history of early medieval Europe (2025)
Steppe Ancestry in Western Eurasia and the Spread of the Germanic Languages (2025)
The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool (2022)
Population genomics of the Viking world (2019)
Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe (2024)
Demography and life histories across the Roman frontier in Germany 400–700 ce (2026)
The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years (2019)
Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean (2019)
The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect (2021)
Ancient DNA connects large-scale migration with the spread of Slavs (2025)
Genetic history of Rus’ (2025)
A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations (2023, see supplements for detailed admixture analyses)
Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean (2023)
Ancient DNA reveals the origins of the Albanians (2025)
Genetic history of Scythia (2025)
Ancient DNA reveals the prehistory of the Uralic and Yeniseian peoples (2025)
The genetic origin of Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians (2022)
Ancient DNA reveals reproductive barrier despite shared Avar-period culture (2025)
Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century (2022)
Forwarded from Race Realism Channel
Modern Balkan populations descend from:
- Iron Age Balkaners
- Roman-era Western Anatolians
- Early Medieval Slavs
- Ottoman-era Western Anatolians
Their Slavic and Anatolian ancestry is inversely correlated.
Early Slavs had ~70% Baltic-related ancestry and ~30% Balkan-related ancestry (possibly Dacian, source population currently unknown).
Roman-era Anatolians were genetically ~40% Mycenaean Greek and ~60% Indo-European Anatolian (Hittie, Luwian, etc.).
Ottoman-era Anatolians descended directly from the Roman-era population, but had variable levels of Turkic ancestry.
The Oghuz Turks who conquered the Byzantine Empire were approximately half Scythian, half Mongolian/Siberian.
Admixture analysis source:
A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations (2023)
- Iron Age Balkaners
- Roman-era Western Anatolians
- Early Medieval Slavs
- Ottoman-era Western Anatolians
Their Slavic and Anatolian ancestry is inversely correlated.
Early Slavs had ~70% Baltic-related ancestry and ~30% Balkan-related ancestry (possibly Dacian, source population currently unknown).
Roman-era Anatolians were genetically ~40% Mycenaean Greek and ~60% Indo-European Anatolian (Hittie, Luwian, etc.).
Ottoman-era Anatolians descended directly from the Roman-era population, but had variable levels of Turkic ancestry.
The Oghuz Turks who conquered the Byzantine Empire were approximately half Scythian, half Mongolian/Siberian.
Admixture analysis source:
A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations (2023)
Higher IQ correlates with patience and risk aversion.
"Intelligent people tend to be patient because they have long time horizons."
This is likely a contributing factor to lower fertility rates among the intelligent.
Source: Risk aversion, patience and intelligence: Evidence based on macro data
"Intelligent people tend to be patient because they have long time horizons."
This is likely a contributing factor to lower fertility rates among the intelligent.
Source: Risk aversion, patience and intelligence: Evidence based on macro data
Intelligent people (≥130 IQ) have a lower risk of mental illness than average people (85-115 IQ), while unintelligent people (≤70 IQ) have a significantly higher risk.
"Studies reporting that highly intelligent individuals have more mental health disorders often have sampling bias, no or inadequate control groups, or insufficient sample size. We addressed these caveats by examining the difference in the prevalence of mental health disorders between individuals with high and average general intelligence (g-factor) in the UK Biobank."
Source: High intelligence is not associated with a greater propensity for mental health disorders (2022, n = >250,000)
"Studies reporting that highly intelligent individuals have more mental health disorders often have sampling bias, no or inadequate control groups, or insufficient sample size. We addressed these caveats by examining the difference in the prevalence of mental health disorders between individuals with high and average general intelligence (g-factor) in the UK Biobank."
Source: High intelligence is not associated with a greater propensity for mental health disorders (2022, n = >250,000)
"Brains don't fully mature until age 25!" is pseudoscience weaponized by feminists to justify bad behavior. It has been refuted by mainstream academics, libtard mainstream media, and it even has a Wikipedia refutation.
The concept of a "fully mature" brain is also pseudoscience. This is a complex topic so I will attempt to simplify...
Brain "maturation" = neural pathways becoming stabilized, large reduction in passive neuroplasticity (automatic rewiring), pruning of weak/unused pathways, and so on.
Different brain regions "mature" at different ages, with some individual variability (and presumably some variation between races and sexes).
Brainstem/hindbrain = infancy
Sensory & motor cortex = childhood
Limbic system = adolescence
Prefrontal cortex = early to mid 20s
Social cognition network = early 30s
Hippocampus = never.
Conversely, brain regions begin to decline at different ages/rates. The prefrontal cortex, which feminists constantly ramble on about, is the first to decline — a mere half decade after it "matures"! This is why fluid IQ (raw problem-solving ability) peaks during the early 20s.
Brain maturation does not necessarily equate to "more adult" behavior, it means that your brain no longer adapts automatically. If you have a dysfunctional brain when it reaches "maturity," it can be difficult to repair; I'm sure you've met many old farts who behave like little kids.
"Mature brain" pathways become more efficient, whether they are beneficial to the individual or not, and harder (but not impossible) to change. You can maintain active neuroplasticity via exercise, metabolic health, constant learning, etc., and in this way "repair" a dysfunctional brain, but it requires conscious effort.
Brains continually change throughout our lifetimes, geared toward different tasks at different stages. So, at what point do we define "full maturity"? The brain hardware + fluid IQ peak of early 20s-30s? Crystalized IQ peak of 60s-70s? "Emotional intelligence" peak of mid 40s?
Via Salon:
Kate Mills, a developmental neuroscientist at the University of Oregon, was equally puzzled. “This is funny to me—I don’t know why 25,” Mills said. “We’re still not there with research to really say the brain is mature at 25, because we still don’t have a good indication of what maturity even looks like.”
According to a 2016 Neuron paper by Harvard psychologist Leah Somerville, the structure of these and other brain areas changes at different rates throughout our life span, growing and shrinking; in fact, structural changes in the brain continue far past people’s 20s. “One especially large study showed that for several brain regions, structural growth curves had not plateaued even by the age of 30, the oldest age in their sample,” she wrote. “Other work focused on structural brain measures through adulthood show progressive volumetric changes from ages 15–90 that never ‘level off’ and instead changed constantly throughout the adult phase of life.”
The concept of a "fully mature" brain is also pseudoscience. This is a complex topic so I will attempt to simplify...
Brain "maturation" = neural pathways becoming stabilized, large reduction in passive neuroplasticity (automatic rewiring), pruning of weak/unused pathways, and so on.
Different brain regions "mature" at different ages, with some individual variability (and presumably some variation between races and sexes).
Brainstem/hindbrain = infancy
Sensory & motor cortex = childhood
Limbic system = adolescence
Prefrontal cortex = early to mid 20s
Social cognition network = early 30s
Hippocampus = never.
Conversely, brain regions begin to decline at different ages/rates. The prefrontal cortex, which feminists constantly ramble on about, is the first to decline — a mere half decade after it "matures"! This is why fluid IQ (raw problem-solving ability) peaks during the early 20s.
Brain maturation does not necessarily equate to "more adult" behavior, it means that your brain no longer adapts automatically. If you have a dysfunctional brain when it reaches "maturity," it can be difficult to repair; I'm sure you've met many old farts who behave like little kids.
"Mature brain" pathways become more efficient, whether they are beneficial to the individual or not, and harder (but not impossible) to change. You can maintain active neuroplasticity via exercise, metabolic health, constant learning, etc., and in this way "repair" a dysfunctional brain, but it requires conscious effort.
Brains continually change throughout our lifetimes, geared toward different tasks at different stages. So, at what point do we define "full maturity"? The brain hardware + fluid IQ peak of early 20s-30s? Crystalized IQ peak of 60s-70s? "Emotional intelligence" peak of mid 40s?
Via Salon:
Kate Mills, a developmental neuroscientist at the University of Oregon, was equally puzzled. “This is funny to me—I don’t know why 25,” Mills said. “We’re still not there with research to really say the brain is mature at 25, because we still don’t have a good indication of what maturity even looks like.”
According to a 2016 Neuron paper by Harvard psychologist Leah Somerville, the structure of these and other brain areas changes at different rates throughout our life span, growing and shrinking; in fact, structural changes in the brain continue far past people’s 20s. “One especially large study showed that for several brain regions, structural growth curves had not plateaued even by the age of 30, the oldest age in their sample,” she wrote. “Other work focused on structural brain measures through adulthood show progressive volumetric changes from ages 15–90 that never ‘level off’ and instead changed constantly throughout the adult phase of life.”
Wikipedia
Brain matures at 25 myth
scientific misconception
Forwarded from Race Realism Channel
Sewall Wright, the inventor of Fst (fixation index, a method of measuring genetic differentiation between populations) said "there is no question" that human races should "be considered to be of different subspecies."
Many animal species have lower Fst (less genetic differentiation between subpopulations) than humans.
Humans (5 or 6 subspecies) = ~0.15
African buffalo (5 subspecies) = 0.059
"It does not require a trained anthropologist to classify and array of Englishmen, West Africans, and Chinese with 100% accuracy by features, skin color, and type of hair, in spite of such much variability within each of these groups that every individual can easily be distinguished from every other."
Many animal species have lower Fst (less genetic differentiation between subpopulations) than humans.
Humans (5 or 6 subspecies) = ~0.15
African buffalo (5 subspecies) = 0.059
"It does not require a trained anthropologist to classify and array of Englishmen, West Africans, and Chinese with 100% accuracy by features, skin color, and type of hair, in spite of such much variability within each of these groups that every individual can easily be distinguished from every other."
Update on the Great Replacement in Russia (2025 data)
Overall, fewer foreigners are being imported vs. 2024 but deportations have also declined. The replacement continues at a slower pace.
5.7 million foreign citizens legally residing in Russia in total (8.6% decrease since 2024)
3 million foreigners working under employment or civil contracts (7.6% increase)
981,200 employed from Eurasian Economic Union countries (Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan; +18.9%)
152,400 foreigners received Russian citizenship (-27.1%)
31,300 temporary residence permits (-29.7%)
156,200 permanent residence permits (-27.3%)
60,000 deportations (-68.4%)
~840,000 illegals in total (source; accuracy unknown).
Ethnic Russians are ~70% of the total population (2021 data, probably lower now).
TFR by ethnicity (2021 data):
Russians ~1.4
Turkic/steppe ~1.7
Central Asians ~1.9
Siberians ~2
Caucasians ~2.1
South-Central Asians ~2.1
Significant internal migration of Muslims, e.g. Moscow 15-30% Muslim (estimates vary).
Overall, fewer foreigners are being imported vs. 2024 but deportations have also declined. The replacement continues at a slower pace.
5.7 million foreign citizens legally residing in Russia in total (8.6% decrease since 2024)
3 million foreigners working under employment or civil contracts (7.6% increase)
981,200 employed from Eurasian Economic Union countries (Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan; +18.9%)
152,400 foreigners received Russian citizenship (-27.1%)
31,300 temporary residence permits (-29.7%)
156,200 permanent residence permits (-27.3%)
60,000 deportations (-68.4%)
~840,000 illegals in total (source; accuracy unknown).
Ethnic Russians are ~70% of the total population (2021 data, probably lower now).
TFR by ethnicity (2021 data):
Russians ~1.4
Turkic/steppe ~1.7
Central Asians ~1.9
Siberians ~2
Caucasians ~2.1
South-Central Asians ~2.1
Significant internal migration of Muslims, e.g. Moscow 15-30% Muslim (estimates vary).
SSRIs:
They more than double a patient's risk of suicide.
- https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260500071624
They cause sexual dysfunction in 83% of patients, some of whom experience these effects even after quitting SSRIs.
- https://doi.org/10.1159/000091777
They turn patients into emotionless, apathetic zombies; the effect is dose-dependent.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2989833/
They increase risk-taking behavior, disinhibition, impulsivity.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.12.001
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-13778-x
Physicians "significantly underestimate" the frequency and severity of SSRI side effects.
- https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v65n0712
Their NNT is 7, meaning doctors need to prescribe 7 patients SSRIs before ONE patient experiences any benefit.
- https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007954
The serotonin theory of depression is a lie.
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020392
- https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2022/jul/no-evidence-depression-caused-low-serotonin-levels-finds-comprehensive-review
29% of meta-analyses on antidepressant trials are written by pharmaceutical company employees and 79% of authors have industry links and conflicts of interest.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.021
They more than double a patient's risk of suicide.
- https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260500071624
They cause sexual dysfunction in 83% of patients, some of whom experience these effects even after quitting SSRIs.
- https://doi.org/10.1159/000091777
They turn patients into emotionless, apathetic zombies; the effect is dose-dependent.
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2989833/
They increase risk-taking behavior, disinhibition, impulsivity.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.12.001
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-13778-x
Physicians "significantly underestimate" the frequency and severity of SSRI side effects.
- https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v65n0712
Their NNT is 7, meaning doctors need to prescribe 7 patients SSRIs before ONE patient experiences any benefit.
- https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007954
The serotonin theory of depression is a lie.
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020392
- https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2022/jul/no-evidence-depression-caused-low-serotonin-levels-finds-comprehensive-review
29% of meta-analyses on antidepressant trials are written by pharmaceutical company employees and 79% of authors have industry links and conflicts of interest.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.021
Taylor & Francis
Antidepressant drug use & the risk of suicide
There have been longstanding concerns about the propensity of antidepressants to precipitate suicidality in vulnerable individuals. To investigate this further, first we have analyzed all clinical ...
Correction: The prefrontal cortex does NOT "mature" early-to-mid 20s: It depends on what you measure. Intracortical myelination — a better biomarker than gray matter thickness, studied in the old "brain matures at 25" study — peaks during the mid-to-late 30s.
The steady myelination decline following the mid-to-late 30s peak results in reduced efficiency: worse problem solving, decision making, memory, processing speed, etc. Brain hardware doesn't revert back to "adolescent" building/learning phase, it just deteriorates slowly.
The "brain matures at 25" claim doesn't even come from the old study, since their sample was age 4 to 21; it was the authors' guesstimate from interviews conducted after the paper was published.
(Debunking myself because I found a paper I saved 3 years ago)
The steady myelination decline following the mid-to-late 30s peak results in reduced efficiency: worse problem solving, decision making, memory, processing speed, etc. Brain hardware doesn't revert back to "adolescent" building/learning phase, it just deteriorates slowly.
The "brain matures at 25" claim doesn't even come from the old study, since their sample was age 4 to 21; it was the authors' guesstimate from interviews conducted after the paper was published.
(Debunking myself because I found a paper I saved 3 years ago)
This is the most recent large-scale study on lifelong structural brain development (which I discuss in this post).
https://nature.com/articles/s41467-025-65974-8
https://nature.com/articles/s41467-025-65974-8
Nature
Topological turning points across the human lifespan
Nature Communications - Researchers discovered five phases of brain rewiring across the lifespan. The eras of childhood, adolescence, adulthood, early aging, and late aging each have characteristic...
Historically, approximately 15-40% of marriages in England were shotgun weddings.
#fertility (I'm going to hashtag fertility posts so I can find them easily)
#fertility (I'm going to hashtag fertility posts so I can find them easily)
Age of first-time months in America, 1980 versus 2016:
In 1980, the modal age of first-time mothers was 19, and the percentage of 16-year-old first-time mothers was almost double that of 30-year-old first-time mothers.
In 2016, the percentage of 18- and 30-year-old first-time mothers is practically equal, and 20-years-old has taken the modal spot from 28-years-old by a minute fraction of a percentage.
New York Times (2018) #fertility
In 1980, the modal age of first-time mothers was 19, and the percentage of 16-year-old first-time mothers was almost double that of 30-year-old first-time mothers.
In 2016, the percentage of 18- and 30-year-old first-time mothers is practically equal, and 20-years-old has taken the modal spot from 28-years-old by a minute fraction of a percentage.
New York Times (2018) #fertility