TENNO'S CASTLE
During 15th and 16th centuries, the Upper Garda area and Tenno Castle served as border outposts between the Venetian domains of Riva and the Episcopal Principality of Trento.
The fortress and village of Tenno were situated close to the front line between the Republic of Venice and the Principality of Trento.
In the fifteenth century, during the Venetian wars of expansion and the clashes with the Visconti of Milan, the area was occupied and contested by famous mercenary captains such as Gattamelata, Francesco Sforza and Niccolò Piccinino.
The castle and the heights of Tenno often served as a logistical base and operational headquarters for Tyrolean and imperial troops opposing the Venetian Republic’s manoeuvres towards the lower Sarca. Not far away, the Venetian Republic built the famous Bastion of Riva between 1507 and 1508, specifically to keep a military watch over these sensitive mountainous borders.
During 15th and 16th centuries, the Upper Garda area and Tenno Castle served as border outposts between the Venetian domains of Riva and the Episcopal Principality of Trento.
The fortress and village of Tenno were situated close to the front line between the Republic of Venice and the Principality of Trento.
In the fifteenth century, during the Venetian wars of expansion and the clashes with the Visconti of Milan, the area was occupied and contested by famous mercenary captains such as Gattamelata, Francesco Sforza and Niccolò Piccinino.
The castle and the heights of Tenno often served as a logistical base and operational headquarters for Tyrolean and imperial troops opposing the Venetian Republic’s manoeuvres towards the lower Sarca. Not far away, the Venetian Republic built the famous Bastion of Riva between 1507 and 1508, specifically to keep a military watch over these sensitive mountainous borders.
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Cultures of Empire: Rethinking Venetian Rule, 1400–1700
This book investigates perceptions, modes, and techniques of Venetian rule in the early modern Eastern Mediterranean (1400–1700). Against the backdrop of the controversial notion of the Venetian realm as a colonial empire, essays from a range of specialists examine how Venice negotiated control over the territories, resources, and traditions of different empires (Byzantine, Roman, Mamluk, Ottoman) while developing its own claims of authority.
Focusing in particular on questions of belonging and status in the Venetian overseas territories, the volume incorporates observations on the daily realities of Venetian rule: how did Venice negotiate claims of authority in light of former and ongoing imperial belongings? What was the status of colonial subjects and ships in the metropolis and in foreign territories? In what ways did Venice accept and continue old forms of imperial belonging? Did subordinate entities join in a shared communal identity?
The volume opens new perspectives on Venetian rule at the crossroads of empire and early modern statehood: a polity negotiating and entangling empire.
This book investigates perceptions, modes, and techniques of Venetian rule in the early modern Eastern Mediterranean (1400–1700). Against the backdrop of the controversial notion of the Venetian realm as a colonial empire, essays from a range of specialists examine how Venice negotiated control over the territories, resources, and traditions of different empires (Byzantine, Roman, Mamluk, Ottoman) while developing its own claims of authority.
Focusing in particular on questions of belonging and status in the Venetian overseas territories, the volume incorporates observations on the daily realities of Venetian rule: how did Venice negotiate claims of authority in light of former and ongoing imperial belongings? What was the status of colonial subjects and ships in the metropolis and in foreign territories? In what ways did Venice accept and continue old forms of imperial belonging? Did subordinate entities join in a shared communal identity?
The volume opens new perspectives on Venetian rule at the crossroads of empire and early modern statehood: a polity negotiating and entangling empire.
Brill
Cultures of Empire: Rethinking Venetian Rule, 1400–1700
"Cultures of Empire: Rethinking Venetian Rule, 1400–1700" published on 27 Jul 2020 by Brill.
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Map of cultural-spatial borders of Europe according to the Standing Committee on Geographical Names.
Venetia is only partially included on the map. Based on that criterion, should Verona and Vicenza not be considered part of Mitteleuropa, given that Germanic languages are spoken in their provinces? Or is it Eastern Veneto, which until recently was part of Friuli?
What about the Upper Piave region, where they speak like they do in Belluno?
It seems that the rationale and maps underlying these definitions are heavily influenced by current and recent national borders. In the case of Italy, only regions fully conquered during World War I are designated as 'Mitteleuropa'.
Venetia is only partially included on the map. Based on that criterion, should Verona and Vicenza not be considered part of Mitteleuropa, given that Germanic languages are spoken in their provinces? Or is it Eastern Veneto, which until recently was part of Friuli?
What about the Upper Piave region, where they speak like they do in Belluno?
It seems that the rationale and maps underlying these definitions are heavily influenced by current and recent national borders. In the case of Italy, only regions fully conquered during World War I are designated as 'Mitteleuropa'.
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This interview comes at a crucial moment in the debate on the Venetian language, which is increasingly at the center of tension between everyday use, media representation, and cultural recognition. The establishment of the first university course in Venetian in Brazil, at the Federal University of Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul), is a sign of academic and identity-based interest arising from the concrete history of Venetian migration to South America and the intergenerational persistence of the language.
In a global context in which many European regional languages are in decline or have already disappeared, Venetian, on the other hand, shows transnational vitality, supported by diaspora communities and renewed efforts at standardization, study, and teaching. Alessandro Mocellin’s words are therefore part of a broader reflection on the relationship between language, identity, and cultural prestige: a reflection that questions schools, the media, and institutions, challenging the stigma of ‘dialect’ and claiming for Venetian the status of a historical, modern, and global language.
https://thirdvenetia.substack.com/p/teaching-venetian-brazilian?r=344lh0&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=true
In a global context in which many European regional languages are in decline or have already disappeared, Venetian, on the other hand, shows transnational vitality, supported by diaspora communities and renewed efforts at standardization, study, and teaching. Alessandro Mocellin’s words are therefore part of a broader reflection on the relationship between language, identity, and cultural prestige: a reflection that questions schools, the media, and institutions, challenging the stigma of ‘dialect’ and claiming for Venetian the status of a historical, modern, and global language.
https://thirdvenetia.substack.com/p/teaching-venetian-brazilian?r=344lh0&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=true
Substack
Teaching Venetian in a Brazilian University
Interview with Alessandro Mocellin
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Venice's golden era: preservation or damnation?
In this article, we explore the shift in strategic interest and elite focus that occurred after the Venetian Republic's apogee.
Beset by rising competition from European powers and the Ottoman menace, the Republic's outlook grew increasingly defensive, while the Venicean patriciate invested its wealth - obtained through maritime trade - into landed estates (ville) in the Venetian mainland.
Today, Venetia faces a similar conundrum, as its industrial base is being eroded both by external factors and the (in)action of its elite.
Continue reading on our Substack
In this article, we explore the shift in strategic interest and elite focus that occurred after the Venetian Republic's apogee.
Beset by rising competition from European powers and the Ottoman menace, the Republic's outlook grew increasingly defensive, while the Venicean patriciate invested its wealth - obtained through maritime trade - into landed estates (ville) in the Venetian mainland.
Today, Venetia faces a similar conundrum, as its industrial base is being eroded both by external factors and the (in)action of its elite.
Continue reading on our Substack
Substack
Venice’s golden era: preservation or damnation?
This article was written by Giuseppe Squizzato, whom we thank for his contribution to our project.
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Forwarded from Eurochud
The mission is named after
The
The two science orbiters are now coasting toward Mercury (the Sun’s closest planet).
- November 2026: Mercury orbit insertion
- December 2026: The two orbiters separate
- April 2027: Full science operations begin
The spacecraft:
Major european contributing countries that made this possible:
Plus strong industrial and scientific involvement from many other ESA member states.
- a surprisingly large iron core,
- polar ice in permanent shadow,
- strange surface hollows,
- a magnetic field that shouldn’t exist on such a small, slow-rotating world.
Getting there is extremely hard. BepiColombo traveled for 8 years, used nine planetary flybys (Earth, Venus ×2, Mercury ×6) plus solar-electric propulsion.
Long live
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Antenor, the Monarch - the mythical founder of Venetia
We start a new article series called ‘Lords of Venetia’, in which we will recount the lives of those figures who, over the course of time, have sought to unite Venetia under a single sovereign political entity.
Before the birth of the Venetian Republic, in fact, there were many attempts by the medieval nobility to create an entity that, in terms of aspiration, could be traced back to the Roman Venetia et Histria. Some were far-reaching projects carried out over several generations, others were the result of the conquests of a single man, and still others were the consequences of broader power struggles on the European stage.
Although he is a figure belonging more to myth than to history, Antenor is an archetype of such lords, some of whom explicitly followed in his footsteps.
Continue reading on our Substack
We start a new article series called ‘Lords of Venetia’, in which we will recount the lives of those figures who, over the course of time, have sought to unite Venetia under a single sovereign political entity.
Before the birth of the Venetian Republic, in fact, there were many attempts by the medieval nobility to create an entity that, in terms of aspiration, could be traced back to the Roman Venetia et Histria. Some were far-reaching projects carried out over several generations, others were the result of the conquests of a single man, and still others were the consequences of broader power struggles on the European stage.
Although he is a figure belonging more to myth than to history, Antenor is an archetype of such lords, some of whom explicitly followed in his footsteps.
Continue reading on our Substack
Substack
Antenor, the Monarch
The Mytical Founder of Venetia
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@BellumActaNews
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Forwarded from GEOPOLI (Mappe e Storia)
🇮🇹 • Mi suscita sempre stupore l'avversione dei "patrioti italiani" per la Perfida Albione di mussoliniana memoria.
Quel processo di costruzione statale chiamato "Unità d'Italia", infatti, fu caldeggiato e supportato proprio dalla Corona inglese. Qui sopra ne abbiamo già parlato ma, oltre a quanto detto, possiamo anche ricordare che Garibaldi a Londra era un eroe e veniva trattato con tutti gli onori.
Il punto è che solo il fascismo fu contro gli inglesi. Gli "italiani" e i governi del Regno d'Italia non avevano motivo di avercela con loro, piuttosto se la prendevano con i vicini francesi o tedeschi (leggasi austriaci). Mussolini cercò con tutte le forze di instillare questa avversione, principalmente perché ostacolava la geopolitica mediterranea dell'Italia fascista.
E siccome i "patrioti" hanno le medesime ragioni, sarebbe giusto si rifacessero apertamente all'unico periodo che collima con le loro idee. Non ci sarebbe nessun male, anzi, tutto diventerebbe molto più interessante.
🧭👉 Unisciti a @geopoliMS
Quel processo di costruzione statale chiamato "Unità d'Italia", infatti, fu caldeggiato e supportato proprio dalla Corona inglese. Qui sopra ne abbiamo già parlato ma, oltre a quanto detto, possiamo anche ricordare che Garibaldi a Londra era un eroe e veniva trattato con tutti gli onori.
Il punto è che solo il fascismo fu contro gli inglesi. Gli "italiani" e i governi del Regno d'Italia non avevano motivo di avercela con loro, piuttosto se la prendevano con i vicini francesi o tedeschi (leggasi austriaci). Mussolini cercò con tutte le forze di instillare questa avversione, principalmente perché ostacolava la geopolitica mediterranea dell'Italia fascista.
E siccome i "patrioti" hanno le medesime ragioni, sarebbe giusto si rifacessero apertamente all'unico periodo che collima con le loro idee. Non ci sarebbe nessun male, anzi, tutto diventerebbe molto più interessante.
🧭👉 Unisciti a @geopoliMS
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GEOPOLI (Mappe e Storia)
🇮🇹 • Mi suscita sempre stupore l'avversione dei "patrioti italiani" per la Perfida Albione di mussoliniana memoria. Quel processo di costruzione statale chiamato "Unità d'Italia", infatti, fu caldeggiato e supportato proprio dalla Corona inglese. Qui sopra…
🇬🇧 • I'm always amazed by the aversion of "Italian patriots" toward the Perfidious Albion of Mussolini's memory.
The process of state-building called "Italian Unification" was, in fact, encouraged and supported by the British Crown. We've already discussed this above, but beyond what we've said, we can also remember that Garibaldi was a hero in London and was treated with full honors.
The point is that only fascism was against the British. The "Italians" and the governments of the Kingdom of Italy had no reason to be angry with them; rather, they were angry with their French or German (read: Austrian) neighbors. Mussolini tried with all his might to instill this aversion, primarily because it hindered Fascist Italy's Mediterranean geopolitics.
And since the "patriots" have the same reasons, it would be right for them to openly refer to the only period that coincides with their ideas. There wouldn't be any harm; in fact, everything would become much more interesting.
🧭👉 Join @geopoliMS
The process of state-building called "Italian Unification" was, in fact, encouraged and supported by the British Crown. We've already discussed this above, but beyond what we've said, we can also remember that Garibaldi was a hero in London and was treated with full honors.
The point is that only fascism was against the British. The "Italians" and the governments of the Kingdom of Italy had no reason to be angry with them; rather, they were angry with their French or German (read: Austrian) neighbors. Mussolini tried with all his might to instill this aversion, primarily because it hindered Fascist Italy's Mediterranean geopolitics.
And since the "patriots" have the same reasons, it would be right for them to openly refer to the only period that coincides with their ideas. There wouldn't be any harm; in fact, everything would become much more interesting.
🧭👉 Join @geopoliMS
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Lega’s 2026 Pontida rally: a house divided
Lega gathered in Pontida for its annual rally amid visible tensions between its nationalist-sovereignist leadership and its federalist Northern wing. Friction was reported even among militants from different regions, including Southern delegations brought in by party-organized buses.
Under Matteo Salvini, the former secessionist Lega Nord was transformed into a nationwide nationalist party, peaking above 30% before falling to around 5% in recent polls. Its Northern faction, associated with figures such as Luca Zaia, has instead stressed regional autonomy, federalism and a more territorially rooted party.
The contrast was evident from the stage. Salvini argued that “united we win,” while Massimiliano Romeo replied that “federalism does not divide, but unites.” Both appealed to unity, but described different models of it. The tensions were serious enough for Salvini to announce an extraordinary party congress.
The rally also exposed a generational divide. Older party figures retained a more conventional hardline position on immigration, while parts of the youth wing openly called for remigration. Explicit secessionism, once central to Lega Nord, remained outside the leadership debate.
With Lombard, Venetian and Italian flags sharing the same field, Pontida raised the question at the heart of Lega’s transformation: after becoming a national party, which political community and territorial identity does it primarily represent?
Lega gathered in Pontida for its annual rally amid visible tensions between its nationalist-sovereignist leadership and its federalist Northern wing. Friction was reported even among militants from different regions, including Southern delegations brought in by party-organized buses.
Under Matteo Salvini, the former secessionist Lega Nord was transformed into a nationwide nationalist party, peaking above 30% before falling to around 5% in recent polls. Its Northern faction, associated with figures such as Luca Zaia, has instead stressed regional autonomy, federalism and a more territorially rooted party.
The contrast was evident from the stage. Salvini argued that “united we win,” while Massimiliano Romeo replied that “federalism does not divide, but unites.” Both appealed to unity, but described different models of it. The tensions were serious enough for Salvini to announce an extraordinary party congress.
The rally also exposed a generational divide. Older party figures retained a more conventional hardline position on immigration, while parts of the youth wing openly called for remigration. Explicit secessionism, once central to Lega Nord, remained outside the leadership debate.
With Lombard, Venetian and Italian flags sharing the same field, Pontida raised the question at the heart of Lega’s transformation: after becoming a national party, which political community and territorial identity does it primarily represent?
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Dante's Italy - A Nation of Nations
Was Dante really a precursor to Italian nationalism?
In this article, we explore Dante's political theory through his writings, coming to the conclusion that his supposed support for Italian unification hides a deeper meaning.
In Dante's view, Italy can only united under a universal polity, an Empire capable of harmonizing the idiosyncrasies that make unification under a native nation-state impossible.
Today, Italy's (and Europe's) regions need not find their horizons within modern nations-states, but should look to each other and to a wider European confederal model capable of ensuring self-determination within a continental, civilizational system.
Continue reading on our Substack
Was Dante really a precursor to Italian nationalism?
In this article, we explore Dante's political theory through his writings, coming to the conclusion that his supposed support for Italian unification hides a deeper meaning.
In Dante's view, Italy can only united under a universal polity, an Empire capable of harmonizing the idiosyncrasies that make unification under a native nation-state impossible.
Today, Italy's (and Europe's) regions need not find their horizons within modern nations-states, but should look to each other and to a wider European confederal model capable of ensuring self-determination within a continental, civilizational system.
Continue reading on our Substack
Substack
Dante’s Italy: A Nation of Nations
Dante Alighieri, one of the most important authors in European literature, is a central figure in the pantheon of Italian literature.
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Forwarded from Academia de ła Bona Creansa, l'Academia de ła Łengua Veneta
📺 Łengua Veneta in TV!
Doman, sabo 26 de setenbre, verso łe ore 12:00, el Presidente de l'Academia de ła Bona Creansa, prof. Alessandro Mocellin, el sarà òspite in direta a'l TG Veneto so Telenuovo (Canałe 11).
Ła sarà na òtema ocazion par parlar de'l futuro de ła łengua veneta,
tra nove proposte de łeze rezonałe, novi studi univarsitari, e senpre pì realtà de łe istitusion e de łe scołe che łe vol portar da novo ła łengua veneta so'l posto che'l ghe speta inte'l Veneto e anca inte'l Mondo.
Paraltro, el 26 setenbre el ze propio el dì de ła Zornada Europèa de łe Łengue, indita da'l Consejo d'Europa.
Cuało zeło el futuro de ła Łengua Veneta?
👉 Sintonizeve so'l Canałe 11 par védar l'intarvento!
Anca parché ghe sarà un anunsio inportante 😁 📢
#AcademiaBonaCreansa #LenguaVeneta #Veneto #Telenuovo #TGVeneto #AlessandroMocellin
Doman, sabo 26 de setenbre, verso łe ore 12:00, el Presidente de l'Academia de ła Bona Creansa, prof. Alessandro Mocellin, el sarà òspite in direta a'l TG Veneto so Telenuovo (Canałe 11).
Ła sarà na òtema ocazion par parlar de'l futuro de ła łengua veneta,
tra nove proposte de łeze rezonałe, novi studi univarsitari, e senpre pì realtà de łe istitusion e de łe scołe che łe vol portar da novo ła łengua veneta so'l posto che'l ghe speta inte'l Veneto e anca inte'l Mondo.
Paraltro, el 26 setenbre el ze propio el dì de ła Zornada Europèa de łe Łengue, indita da'l Consejo d'Europa.
Cuało zeło el futuro de ła Łengua Veneta?
👉 Sintonizeve so'l Canałe 11 par védar l'intarvento!
Anca parché ghe sarà un anunsio inportante 😁 📢
#AcademiaBonaCreansa #LenguaVeneta #Veneto #Telenuovo #TGVeneto #AlessandroMocellin
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🇪🇺🎰 THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE INCLUDES THE VENETIAN LANGUAGE AMONG EUROPE’S LANGUAGES 👾
On the European Day of Languages, a new and significant institutional and academic recognition.
Meanwhile, in the Veneto Region, the consolidated bill on the Venetian language is moving towards consideration by the Regional Council.
VENICE, 26 September 2026 – Venetian has officially been included among the languages presented by the Council of Europe’s European Centre for Modern Languages (ECML) in its new volume Lara’s Linguistic Journey Through Italy, published to mark the European Day of Languages.
In an official ECML publication, Venetian is presented alongside the other languages that make up Europe’s multilingual heritage.
The volume, aimed particularly at schools and younger generations, is freely available online.
https://cdn.ecml.at/EDL/language-journey/italy/language-journey-italy-EN.pdf#page=26
Source: Academy of Venetian Language 📚
On the European Day of Languages, a new and significant institutional and academic recognition.
Meanwhile, in the Veneto Region, the consolidated bill on the Venetian language is moving towards consideration by the Regional Council.
VENICE, 26 September 2026 – Venetian has officially been included among the languages presented by the Council of Europe’s European Centre for Modern Languages (ECML) in its new volume Lara’s Linguistic Journey Through Italy, published to mark the European Day of Languages.
In an official ECML publication, Venetian is presented alongside the other languages that make up Europe’s multilingual heritage.
The volume, aimed particularly at schools and younger generations, is freely available online.
Par tera, par mar, San Marco! https://cdn.ecml.at/EDL/language-journey/italy/language-journey-italy-EN.pdf#page=26
Source: Academy of Venetian Language 📚
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Forwarded from Die Herrschaft
THEODORIC AND VERONA, 526–2026: 1,500 YEARS SINCE THE DEATH OF THE GOTHIC KING
In medieval legend, the Ostrogothic king Theodoric became associated with the Wild Hunt.
Giovanni Mansionario, a Veronese cleric who died in 1337, recounts that Theodoric received from the Devil a horse and hounds. Mounting the infernal horse, the king vanished forever: “it is said that he still wanders through the woods, hunting by night and pursuing the nymphs.”
A personal note. After a long night examining the sources concerning the Wild Hunt, I fell asleep in a state of slight unease. At five in the morning, my home, deep in the woods, was suddenly surrounded by strange cries coming from the moonlit sky, throwing the animals in the woods into agitation. Then, as suddenly as they had come, the cries faded away into the darkness.
Without wishing to overinterpret the experience, I like to think that myth has never truly died — and that, on rare occasions, it returns to manifest itself.
In medieval legend, the Ostrogothic king Theodoric became associated with the Wild Hunt.
Giovanni Mansionario, a Veronese cleric who died in 1337, recounts that Theodoric received from the Devil a horse and hounds. Mounting the infernal horse, the king vanished forever: “it is said that he still wanders through the woods, hunting by night and pursuing the nymphs.”
A personal note. After a long night examining the sources concerning the Wild Hunt, I fell asleep in a state of slight unease. At five in the morning, my home, deep in the woods, was suddenly surrounded by strange cries coming from the moonlit sky, throwing the animals in the woods into agitation. Then, as suddenly as they had come, the cries faded away into the darkness.
Without wishing to overinterpret the experience, I like to think that myth has never truly died — and that, on rare occasions, it returns to manifest itself.
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