What is an Autobiography? An autobiography is a self-written biography, which is the unique story of one’s own life. Some call it a memoir, and it is more a freestyle, creative form of self-expression and sharing one’s experiences and insights.

A biography is the account of one’s life, told either by themselves, or by someone else. It covers the journey from birth, highlights the ups and downs, any significant experiences, and ends with the present day. A biography does not need much research, as the author relies on their own memories to tell the story.

You can see the important differences between these two approaches...They are similar but not the same...

💡A synthesis of factor analytic techniques

💡Types of Research Methods

This post is about the intercoder agreement in qualitative studies. In what follows I listed all the measures and what MAXQDA can do for us. 😊

APA Style Reporting in your paper

In my view, MAXQDA is the most powerful one when it comes to the intercoder agreement.

Do reverse-coded items need to be in the questionnaire?

No, they are not strictly required, but they are useful if used carefully.

Why people include reverse items????😊😊

To detect/accommodate acquiescence (yea-saying) bias — people who tend to agree with every item.😊😍

To help check response attentiveness (e.g., someone who agrees with both strongly positive and strongly negative items may be careless).😇

Why reverse items can cause problems????

Negatively-worded items often behave differently psychometrically and can create a spurious “method” factor (items cluster together not because of content but because of negative wording). This can appear in EFA as an extra factor that is artifactual.😤😤

They increase cognitive load; some respondents misinterpret the negation, especially in cross-cultural samples or with lower reading-proficiency respondents.😢😢

My practical recommendation😊☺️

Keep a small number of reverse items — enough to detect acquiescence but not so many that they create a method factor.

Prefer simple, unambiguous negative wording (avoid double negatives).

Reverse-score all reverse items before running EFA. (EFA must be on directional-consistent items.)🫡🫡

Jerry Rosiek, University of Oregon, USA
The role of philosophy in qualitative research methodology

Critical theory identifies how things can be made better but has no equipment that can be mobilized to effect the desired change. In the following video-clip, Professor Henry Giroux discusses the critical approach to research and describes how it relates to critical pedagogy.

Flowchart of experimental design

Subjectivity, Positionality, Reflexivity, and Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research
Dr. Mayukh Dewan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqKCHFbbsXk